Bud Overwintering Freezing and Shading for Bud Survival of Sweet Cherries in Low-Latitude and High-Altitude Regions

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0514

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2453-2463.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0514

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Bud Overwintering Freezing and Shading for Bud Survival of Sweet Cherries in Low-Latitude and High-Altitude Regions

LIU Rui’e¹, SUN Wanxia¹, WANG Li¹, NONG Honglin¹, QIU Minghua², YU Fei², ZHANG Qijing³, ZHANG Caixi¹^,^*()

¹ School of Agriculture and Biology， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200240， China
² Horticultural Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650000， China
³ Liaoning Institute of Pomology， Liaoning， Yingkou 115009， China

Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-06-24 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: ZHANG Caixi

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on 3 sweet cherry cultivars，i.e.，‘Hongdeng’‘Tieton’and‘Russia 8’，planted in Shangri-La，Yunnan Province，this study firstly pointed out the key phenology of sweet cherry in low-latitude with high-altitude regions and showed the flower bud overwintering freezing damage. Importantly，the effects of shading facilities on reducing the risk of freezing damage were also studied. The results show that sweet cherry trees in Shangri-La fall leaves in October and enter dormant period in early November. The full blooming date is early May and the fruit maturity period is mid-July，demonstrating 30-50 days later phenology compared to other major sweet cherry cultivation regions. In addition，this study revealed a linear correlation between daily minimum temperature and the freezing damage rate of flower buds（R²= 0.91）. The model estimated that the half-lethal temperature of flower buds during dormancy is-14.7 ℃，with daily minimum temperatures below to-18.2 ℃ causing 95% bud mortality. Severe freezing damage occurred after endodormancy release，showing average bud freezing damage rates of 51.0%（‘Russia 8’）to 57.1%（‘Tieton’）. Shading effectively elevate minimum temperatures by 2.7-3.9 ℃ compared to open-field conditions during dormancy，resulting in the average freezing damage rate decreased by 23.7%，when‘Tieton’flower bud endodormancy was released.

Key words: cherry, phenology, freezing damage, shading treatment, Shangri-La

LIU Rui’e, SUN Wanxia, WANG Li, NONG Honglin, QIU Minghua, YU Fei, ZHANG Qijing, ZHANG Caixi. Bud Overwintering Freezing and Shading for Bud Survival of Sweet Cherries in Low-Latitude and High-Altitude Regions[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2453-2463.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Sweet cherry phenology，budburst rate，chill and heat accumulation in Shangri-La，Yunnan Province Chill and heat accumulation was calculated based on 7.2 ℃ model and growing degree hour model，respectively

Fig. 2 The flower bud freezing injury intensities including A：The class of flower bud injury；B：The micrograph of injured flower buds for 3 cultivars；C：The rate of freezing injured flower buds for 3 cultivars

Fig. 3 The intensity of flower bud and flower primordium damage rate during the release of endodormancy and after the coldest days in winter Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences（P < 0.05）based on One-way ANOVA

Fig. 4 Daily maximum and minimum temperatures in winter（A）；flower bud overwintering freezing damage during dormancy for ‘Tieton’under open-field conditins（B）and bud freezing damage correlated linearly with the daily minimum air temperature during dormancy period（C） The black triangles represented daily temperature characteristics when 25%，50% and 100% bud were injured

Fig. 5 Fruit quality assessment for sweet cherry Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences（P < 0.05）based on One-way ANOVA

Fig. 6 Bud temperature and freezing injury rate of sweet cherry under shading and open-field conditions during dormancy period in Shangri-la * indicated significant differences（P < 0.05）based on student’s t test

References 27

[1]	Chilean Fruit Exporters Association. 2024. 2023-2024 season:Chilean cherry exports to China with a new record. https://www.asoex.cl/component/content/article/25-noticias/1415-temporada-2023-2024-exportaciones-de-cerezas-chilenas-cierran-con-nuevo-record-en-china.html.
[2]	Blando F, Oomah B D. 2019. Sweet and sour cherries:origin,distribution,nutritional composition and health benefits. Trends in Food Science & Technology,86:517-529.
[3]	Bogdanov R E, Kruzhkov A V, Yushkov A N, Borzykh N V, Kozaeva M I. 2021. Prospects for improving sweet cherry assortment in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. E3S Web of Conferences,254:01036.
[4]	Chen Xiaodan, Wang Lei, Huang Jiayun, Liao Zhanghua, Ma Chao, Wang Shiping, Zhang Caixi. 2017. A preliminary study on the evaluation of chilling requirements of different sweet cherry cultivars. South China Fruits, 46 (3):109-112. (in Chinese)
	陈晓丹, 王磊, 黄嘉赟, 廖樟华, 马超, 王世平, 张才喜. 2017. 甜樱桃不同品种需冷量评估初探. 中国南方果树, 46 (3):109-112.
[5]	Fadón E, Do H, Blanke M, Rodrigo J, Luedeling E. 2023. Apparent differences in agroclimatic requirements for sweet cherry across climatic settings reveal shortcomings in common phenology models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,333:109387.
[6]	Fadón E, Herrero M, Rodrigo J. 2015. Flower development in sweet cherry framed in the BBCH scale. Scientia Horticulturae,192:141-147.
[7]	Fischer E M, Sippel S, Knutti R. 2021. Increasing probability of record-shattering climate extremes. Nature Climate Change,11:689-695.
[8]	Fu Y H, Liu Y, De Boeck H J, Menzel A, Nijs I, Peaucelle M, Peñuelas J, Piao S, Janssens I A. 2016. Three times greater weight of daytime than of night-time temperature on leaf unfolding phenology in temperate trees. New Phytologist,212:590-597.
[9]	Ganopoulos I, Moysiadis T, Xanthopoulou A, Ganopoulou M, Avramidou E, Aravanopoulos F A, Tani E, Madesis P, Tsaftaris A, Kazantzis K. 2015. Diversity of morpho-physiological traits in worldwide sweet cherry cultivars of Gene Bank collection using multivariate analysis. Scientia Horticulturae,197:381-391.
[10]	Houghton E, Noonan M J, Hannam K, Nelson L M, Neilsen D. 2023. Models for estimating the cold hardiness of sweet cherry(Prunus avium cv. Sweetheart and Lapins)in cold climate regions. HortScience, 58 (9):963-973.
[11]	Janick J. 1996. Horticultural reviews. USA:John Wiley & Sons,Inc:263-317.
[12]	Lang G A, Early J D, Martin G C, Darnell R L. 1987. Endo-,para-,and ecodormancy:physiological terminology and classification for dormancy research. HortScience,22:371-377.
[13]	Li Ke, Shen Mengxiao, Pan Weihao, Zhang Shixuan, Mao Xinye, Yin Yahong, Li Yongqiang, Zhu Youyin, Guo Weidong. 2023. Preliminary investigation of C₂H₂ family genes in blueberry flower bud dormancy release. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 50 (4):737-753. (in Chinese)
	李可, 申朦晓, 潘炜浩, 章诗渲, 毛欣烨, 尹亚红, 李永强, 朱友银, 郭卫东. 2023. 蓝莓C₂H₂家族基因在花芽休眠解除中的作用初探. 园艺学报, 50 (4):737-753. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0044
[14]	Liu Zhiying, Li Xinmiao, Qiao Mingfei, Wang Lijie, Zhang Juan. 2023. Comparison of fruit quality of 5 Prunus avium L varieties under facility cultivation. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 25 (9):84-88. (in Chinese)
	刘志应, 李新苗, 乔明菲, 王利杰, 张娟. 2023. 设施栽培下5个甜樱桃品种果实品质比较. 绿色科技, 25 (9):84-88.
[15]	Murray M B, Cannell M G R, Smith R I. 1989. Date of budburst of 15 tree species in Britain following climatic warming. Journal of Applied Ecology,26:693-700.
[16]	Pei Lingdong, Wang Zhen, Peng Yong, Zhao Dengchao, Zhang Xu. 2023. Quality indexes and phenolics of four sweet cherry varieties. Food Research and Development, 44 (1):47-53. (in Chinese)
	裴令栋, 王震, 彭勇, 赵登超, 张序. 2023. 4个甜樱桃品种品质指标和酚类物质比较. 食品研究与开发, 44 (1):47-53.
[17]	Ruan Ruoxin, Luo Huifeng, Zhang Chen, Huang Kangkang, Xi Dujun, Pei Jiabo, Xing Mengyun, Liu Hui. 2023. Transcriptome analysis of flower buds of sweet cherry cultivars with different chilling requirements during dormancy stages in Hangzhou. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 50 (6):1187-1202. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0297
	阮若昕, 骆慧枫, 张琛, 黄康康, 郗笃隽, 裴嘉博, 邢梦云, 刘辉. 2023. 杭州地区不同需冷量甜樱桃品种休眠阶段花芽转录组分析. 园艺学报, 50 (6):1187-1202. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0297
[18]	Rubio S, Dantas D, Bressan-Smith R, Pérez F J. 2016. Relationship between endodormancy and cold hardiness in grapevine buds. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,35:266-275.
[19]	Salazar-Gutiérrez M R, Chaves B, Anothai J, Whiting M, Hoogenboom G. 2014. Variation in cold hardiness of sweet cherry flower buds through different phenological stages. Scientia Horticulturae,172:161-167.
[20]	Salazar-Gutiérrez M R, Chaves-Cordoba B. 2020. Modeling approach for cold hardiness estimation on cherries. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,287:107946.
[21]	Tadić V, Gligorević K, Mileusnić Z, Miodragović R, Hajmiler M, Radočaj D. 2023. Agricultural engineering technologies in the control of frost damage in permanent plantations. AgriEngineering, 5 (4):2079-2111.
[22]	U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2023. Fresh peaches and cherries:World markets and trade.
[23]	Weinberger J H. 1950. Chilling requirements of peach varieties. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science,56:122-128.
[24]	Xu G, Li L, Zhou J, He M, Lyu D, Zhao D, Qin S. 2023. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal key genes and essential metabolic pathways for the acquisition of cold tolerance during dormancy in apple. Environmental and Experimental Botany,213:105413.
[25]	Young F D. 1947. Frost and the prevention of frost damage. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Publishing Office.
[26]	Zaremuk R, Dolya Y, Kopnina T. 2021. Realization of sweet cherry varieties productivity in stressful conditions in the south of Russia. BIO Web of Conferences,34:01005.
[27]	Zhang Y X, Wang G F. 2022. Assessment of the hazard of extreme low-temperature events over China in 2021. Advances in Climate Change Research, 13 (6):811-818.

Bud Overwintering Freezing and Shading for Bud Survival of Sweet Cherries in Low-Latitude and High-Altitude Regions

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 27

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Hao, WANG Yan, LIU Zhenshan, TU Hongxia, ZHANG Jing, HE Wen, WU Zhiwei, FU Xiaoke, CHEN Qing, WANG Xiaorong. A New Extremely Early Ripening Chinese Cherry Cultivar‘Shuzaomei’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 35-36.
[2]	JIU Songtao, WANG Shiping, WANG Lei, ZHAO Ying, ZHANG Caixi. A New Middle-Early Maturing Sweet Cherry Cultivar‘Lijing’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 37-38.
[3]	JIU Songtao, WANG Shiping, WANG Lei, ZHAO Ying, ZHANG Caixi. A New Middle Maturing Sweet Cherry Cultivar‘Jinjing’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 39-40.
[4]	WANG Yan, WANG Hao, LIU Zhenshan, ZHOU Jingting, ZHANG Jing, HE Wen, WU Zhiwei, CHEN Qing, WANG Xiaorong. A New Chinese Cherry Cultivar‘Shuzimei’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 41-42.
[5]	CAI Yuliang, YIN Xin, SHAN Dongqian, WAN Tian, LI Baoyan, AN Feng. A New Cherry Dwarf Rootstock Cultivar‘Mahaleb CDR-2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 43-44.
[6]	LÜ Tong, WEI Yi, WANG Lin. A New Flowering Cherry Cultivar‘Shuangrui Feixia’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 221-222.
[7]	LÜ Tong, WEI Yi, WANG Lin. A New Flowering Cherry Cultivar‘Minyun’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 223-224.
[8]	LI Duyue, WU Yanjun. Effects of GA₃and 6-BA on Sugar Accumulation and Fruit Ripening in ‘Jiangnanjin’Sweet Cherry [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(7): 1855-1869.
[9]	HE Jie, DENG Junjun, GAO Min, ZHU Honghua, WANG Binglin, SUN Hongbo, YANG Yuan, YAN Han. A Novel Cherry Tomato Cultivar‘Fenbao 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2729-2730.
[10]	RUAN Ruoxin, LUO Huifeng, ZHANG Chen, HUANG Kangkang, XI Dujun, PEI Jiabo, XING Mengyun, LIU Hui. Transcriptome Analysis of Flower Buds of Sweet Cherry Cultivars with Different Chilling Requirements During Dormancy Stages in Hangzhou [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(6): 1187-1202.
[11]	ZHENG Jinrong, NIE Jun, LI Yanhong, TAN Delong, XIE Yuming, ZHANG Changyuan. A Cherry Tomato Cultivar‘Yuekeda 101’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(4): 909-910.
[12]	SUN Zeshuo, JIANG Dongyue, LIU Xinhong, SHEN Xin, LI Yingang, QU Yufei, LI Yonghua. Cluster Analysis and Construction of DNA Fingerprinting of 42 Oriental Cultivars of Flowering Cherry Based on SSR Markers [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(3): 657-668.
[13]	WU Yanjun, LIU Qingzhong, CHEN Hongcai, QI Xingjiang, ZHU Dongzi, ZHENG Jiaxiang, CAO Xuemin, and FANG Danyan. A New Sweet Cherry Cultivar‘Jiangnanjin’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 29-30.
[14]	ZHANG Xiaoming, YAN Guohua, ZHOU Yu, WANG Jing, DUAN Xuwei, WU Chuanbao, and ZHANG Kaichun. A New Sweet Cherry Rootstock Cultivar‘Jingchun 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 31-32.
[15]	ZHENG Jirong and WANG Tonglin. A New Tomato Cultivar‘Hangza 601’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 105-106.