Transcriptional Bases of the Regulation of 2,4-D on Tomato Fruit Shape

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0023

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 802-814.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0023

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Transcriptional Bases of the Regulation of 2,4-D on Tomato Fruit Shape

XU Yue^,^*, LI Zixiong^,^*, CHEN Jie, SUN Liang()

Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops，Department of Vegetable Science，College of Horticultural，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100093，China

Received:2022-04-21 Revised:2022-12-11 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-27
Contact: **（E-mail：liang_sun@cau.edu.cn）

Abstract

Abstract:

The application of the synthetic auxin，2,4-D，to the inflorescences is often used in winter and spring to promote fruit set of tomato in the greenhouse. However，the improper use of this method leads to the fruit deformity sometimes，of which the mechanism has not been well illustrated yet. Based on the previous research，2,4-D was sprayed to the plants of the WT，sun and ovate NILs in the LA1589 background in this study. Ovaries and fruits from flowers which were anthesis at three weeks after the treatment were investigated at the morphological and histological levels，and meanwhile flower buds were collected for RNA-seq analysis. Results indicated that the elongation of ovaries and fruits induced by the 2,4-D treatment could be attributed to the elongation of the proximal end part. In the above process，interactions were discovered between the investigated fruit shape loci and the 2,4-D treatment. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the effect of 2,4-D on the fruit and ovary shape may through its activation on the auxin signaling，polar transportation as well as its promotion on the cytokinin biosynthesis and the accumulation of the ATHB and bHLH transcription factors. Meanwhile，interactions were also observed between the investigated fruit shape loci and the 2,4-D treatment at the transcriptional level. Those interactions strengthened the accumulation of auxin biosynthesis，signal transduction and polar transportation and impacted the expression of more transcription factor genes. In addition，those interactions also up-regulated the expression of BRX and CKX5 in sun and ovate NILs，respectively，which may further enhance the effects of 2,4-D on ovary and fruit shape. Besides what is mentioned above，in ovate NIL 2,4-D treatment decreased the expression of two SWEET genes which may affect the transportation of sugars into the ovaries.

Key words: tomato, 2,4-D, auxin, flower bud, fruit shape, transcriptome, sun, ovate

CLC Number:

S641.2

XU Yue, LI Zixiong, CHEN Jie, SUN Liang. Transcriptional Bases of the Regulation of 2,4-D on Tomato Fruit Shape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(4): 802-814.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Fruit shape and WT anthesis ovary shape changes after 2,4-D treatment

Table 1 Morphological analysis of fruits after 2,4-D treatment

		2,4-D处理/(mmol · L^-1） 2,4-D treatment	最大宽度/cm Maximum width	最大长度/cm Maximum height	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果梗端比例 Proximal end ratio
基因型 Genotype	WT	0	1.20 ± 0.01 a	1.23 ± 0.01 d	1.02 ± 0.01 d	0.13 ± 0.01 d
	WT	270	0.95 ± 0.03 b	1.35 ± 0.02 cd	1.43 ± 0.03 c	0.31 ± 0.03 bc
	sun	0	1.14 ± 0.04 a	1.65 ± 0.03 abc	1.45 ± 0.03 c	0.15 ± 0.03 d
	sun	270	1.65 ± 0.03 b	1.92 ± 0.03 a	2.48 ± 0.27 a	0.36 ± 0.03 b
	ovate	0	1.19 ± 0.03 a	1.52 ± 0.12 bcd	1.28 ± 0.13 cd	0.21 ± 0.03 cd
	ovate	270	0.92 ± 0.12 b	1.80 ± 0.25 ab	1.96 ± 0.05 b	0.49 ± 0.08 a
因素效应 Factorial effects （P-value）		基因型Genotype	0.02	1.93e-05	1.03e-06	2.44e-4
		处理Treatment	4.56e-07	1.28e-03	4.24e-08	5.36e-08
		基因型与处理互作 Genotype × Treatment	0.31	0.45	2.94e-03	0.17

Fig. 2 RNA-seq sequencing quality of the anthesis ovaries after 2,4-D treatment（A）and number of the expressed genes（B）

Fig. 3 Heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in the anthesis ovaries of WT（A），sun（B）and ovate（C）NILs after 2,4-D treatment Numerator and denominator in the left represent the number of the up-regulated and down-regulated genes，respectively.

Fig. 4 Venn diagram and heatmap of the interested differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in the anthesis ovaries of WT，sun and ovate NILs after 2,4-D treatment A：Venn diagram of DEGs in WT，sun and ovate NILs after 2,4-D treatment. The black number in each part represents the total number of DEGs，and the numerator and denominator of the fraction represent the number of up-regulated and down-regulated genes，respectively. Letters with circles represent the heatmap corresponding to these genes. B：Heatmap of the interested DEGs shared by the 3 NILs；C-E：heatmaps of the interested genes that only differentially expressed in WT，sun and ovate NILs，respectively. F：Interested DEGs shared by sun and ovate. G：DEGs shared by sun and WT. H：DEGs shared by ovate and WT.

Fig. 5 String analysis of the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）caused by the 2,4-D treatment A：Analysis of DEGs that shared by the three NILs. B：Analysis of DEGs that were only in sun NIL. C：Analysis of DEGs that were only in ovate NIL. D：Analysis of DEGs that were only in WT NIL. E：Analysis of DEGs that were shared by sun and ovate NILs. F：Analysis of DEGs that were shared by WT and ovate NILs.

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Transcriptional Bases of the Regulation of 2,4-D on Tomato Fruit Shape

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