Ploidy Manipulation and Citrus Breeding:Current Status,Problems and Prospects

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0537

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 791-810.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0537

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Ploidy Manipulation and Citrus Breeding:Current Status,Problems and Prospects

DANG Jiangbo¹, CUI Lulu¹, HAN Guohui², LI Cai³, XIANG Suqiong¹, GUO Qigao¹^,^*(), LIANG Guolu¹^,^*()

¹College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China
²Fruit Tree Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing,401329,China
³Fruit Office of Fuling District in Chongqing,Chongqing 408000,China

Received:2020-08-29 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-29
Contact: GUO Qigao,LIANG Guolu E-mail:qgguo@126.com;lianggl@swu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

There have been some advanced progresses in ploidy manipulation of citrus. Firstly,numerous triploid and tetraploid have been reported,and some triploid and tetraploid varieties have been released. Secondly,Some tetraploid perform well in controlling tree shape,and being resistant to dieseases and stresses when used as rootstocks. Thirdly,haploid and dihaploid were used in genome researches of Citrus,and great achievements had been harvested. Nevertheless,there are still some difficulties in ploidy manipulation of citrus. Firstly,long juvenile phase and nucellar embryo affect the efficiency of new polyploid varieties breeding. Secondly,it is still difficult to obtain haploid and dihaploid,which limits the promotion of citrus genome researches and breeding. Thirdly,some polyploids with high qualities are lowly fertile,blocking the efficiency of breeding by using these materials. Regarding the problem of long juvenile phase in citrus polyploidy breeding,it is nessary to use new technologies of shortening it or to take advantage of germplasm resources with short juvenile phase. For overcoming the interference of nucellar embryo,it is nessary to develop more monoembryonic tetraploids. When using polyembryonic tetraploids as parents to produce triploids,embryo rescue,and molecular marker can be used to improve the breeding efficiency. At last,the authors suggested that ploidy manipulation in citrus could be extending in the following aspects:firstly,improving the frequency of 2n gamete production in order to develop more polyploid,especially monoembryonic types;secondly,the advantages of polyploid being used as rootstock and polyploid rootstock should be brought into play to promote the development of rootstock breeding;thirdly,continuing to induce haploid and dihaploid in order to accelerate genome research,functional gene research and breeding of citrus;fourthly,on the basis of allopolyploids and their creation technology,new materials with only small amount of alien genomic components and target traits could be bred by combining with chromosome manipulation techniques.

Key words: citrus, ploid manipulation, tetraploid, triploid, haploid

CLC Number:

S666

DANG Jiangbo, CUI Lulu, HAN Guohui, LI Cai, XIANG Suqiong, GUO Qigao, LIANG Guolu. Ploidy Manipulation and Citrus Breeding:Current Status,Problems and Prospects[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(4): 791-810.

Figures/Tables 2

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基因型 Genetype	品种（株系） Variety（Line）	获得方法 Obtaining method	材料类型 Type	参考文献 Reference
莱檬Citrus aurantifolia	墨西哥莱檬 Mexicn Lime	花药培养 Anther culture	纯合二倍体胚状体 Homozygous haploid embryoid	魏凌鹤,2015
克里曼丁橘C. clementina	Nules,SRA 63,Monreal Fortune	花药培养 Anther culture	纯合单倍体、二倍体、三倍体、六倍体 Homozygous haploid,diploid,triploid and hexaploid	Germanàet al.2005
	Nules	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体、双单倍体愈伤组织、植株 Haploid,double haploid callus,plants	Germanàet al.1994;Germanàet al.2000
	Nules	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Germanà & Chiancone,2001
	SRA 63	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Germanà & Chiancone,2003
	SRA 63	辐射花粉授粉 + 胚拯救 Irradiated pollen pollination + Embryo rescue	单倍体植株（未存活）,胚性愈伤组织系 Haploid plants（didn’t survive）,embryonic callus	Ollitrault et al.1996;Germanà,2003
	Monreal Rosso,Nules	小孢子培养 Microspore culture	愈伤组织,单倍体胚状体 Callus,haploid embryoid	Karasawa et al.2013;Chiancone et al.2015
	Clemenules	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体、双单倍体植株 Haploid,double haploid plants	Aleza et al.2009a
	—	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体 Haploid	Oiyama & Kobayashi, 1993
	—	二倍体与二倍体杂交 Hybridization between diploid plants	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Esen & Soost, 1972;Germanà,2003
C. clementina× C. tangerina	Ellendale	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Froelicher et al.2007
C. clementina ×（C. paradisi × C. reticulata）	Lee	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Oiyama & Kobayashi, 1993
C. deliciosa × C. paradisi	Mapo	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织、透明胚状体 Haploid callus,transparent embryoid	Germanà & Recupero,1997
C. ichangensis × C. reticulata	No. 14	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Deng et al.1992
柠檬C. limon	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织、胚状体和叶状体 Haploid callus,embryoid,thallus	Germanàet al.1991
四季橘C. microcarpa	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	陈振光等,1980
柚C. maxima	Banpeiyu	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Toolapong et al.1996
	HB柚 ‘Hirado Buntan’ pummelo	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	王淑明,2016
	—	二倍体实生后代筛选 Selection from progenies seedling of diploid	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Wang et al.2017
日本甜夏橙C. natsudaidai	—	伽玛射线辐射 Gamma ray radiation	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Karasawa,1971;Germanà,2003
葡萄柚C. paradisi	鸡尾葡萄柚 Cocktail grapefruit	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织 Haploid callus	王淑明,2016
C. reticulata × C. sinensis	Fortune	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen induction	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Froelicher et al.2007
C. reticulata ×（C. sinensis × C. reticulata）	Tangor 15-1 × Red Tangerine	二倍体与二倍体杂交 Hybridization between diploid plants	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Liu et al.2012
甜橙C. sinensis	早金甜橙 ‘Early Gold’ sweet orange	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体系（愈伤组织、胚状体）,纯合二倍体系（包括植株） Haploid lines（callus,embryoid）,Homozygous diploid lines （including plants）	王淑明,2016
	红夏橙 ‘Rohde Red’ Valencia	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织系 Haploid callus lines	王淑明,2016
	暗柳橙 ‘An Liu’sweet orange	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织系 Haploid callus lines	王淑明,2016
	Valencia	花药培养 Anther culture	双单倍体愈伤组织 Double haploid callus	Cao et al.2011
C. reticulata,C. deliciosa,C. sinensis,C. limon,C. paradisi,Tangelo‘Mapo’（C.deliciosa × C. paradisi）					花药培养 Anther culture	含单倍体及多倍体的混倍体愈伤组织 Mixoploid callus containing haploid and polyploid	Geraci & Starrantin,1990
假黄皮（Clausena excavata）（4x）	—	花药培养 Anther culture	二倍体植株 Diploid plants	Froelicher & Ollitrault, 2000
枳（Poncirus trifoliata）	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Hidaka et al.1979

基因型 Genetype	品种（株系） Variety（Line）	获得方法 Obtaining method	材料类型 Type	参考文献 Reference
莱檬Citrus aurantifolia	墨西哥莱檬 Mexicn Lime	花药培养 Anther culture	纯合二倍体胚状体 Homozygous haploid embryoid	魏凌鹤,2015
克里曼丁橘C. clementina	Nules,SRA 63,Monreal Fortune	花药培养 Anther culture	纯合单倍体、二倍体、三倍体、六倍体 Homozygous haploid,diploid,triploid and hexaploid	Germanàet al.2005
	Nules	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体、双单倍体愈伤组织、植株 Haploid,double haploid callus,plants	Germanàet al.1994;Germanàet al.2000
	Nules	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Germanà & Chiancone,2001
	SRA 63	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Germanà & Chiancone,2003
	SRA 63	辐射花粉授粉 + 胚拯救 Irradiated pollen pollination + Embryo rescue	单倍体植株（未存活）,胚性愈伤组织系 Haploid plants（didn’t survive）,embryonic callus	Ollitrault et al.1996;Germanà,2003
	Monreal Rosso,Nules	小孢子培养 Microspore culture	愈伤组织,单倍体胚状体 Callus,haploid embryoid	Karasawa et al.2013;Chiancone et al.2015
	Clemenules	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体、双单倍体植株 Haploid,double haploid plants	Aleza et al.2009a
	—	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体 Haploid	Oiyama & Kobayashi, 1993
	—	二倍体与二倍体杂交 Hybridization between diploid plants	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Esen & Soost, 1972;Germanà,2003
C. clementina× C. tangerina	Ellendale	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Froelicher et al.2007
C. clementina ×（C. paradisi × C. reticulata）	Lee	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Oiyama & Kobayashi, 1993
C. deliciosa × C. paradisi	Mapo	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织、透明胚状体 Haploid callus,transparent embryoid	Germanà & Recupero,1997
C. ichangensis × C. reticulata	No. 14	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Deng et al.1992
柠檬C. limon	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织、胚状体和叶状体 Haploid callus,embryoid,thallus	Germanàet al.1991
四季橘C. microcarpa	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	陈振光等,1980
柚C. maxima	Banpeiyu	三倍体花粉授粉 Triploid pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Toolapong et al.1996
	HB柚 ‘Hirado Buntan’ pummelo	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen pollination	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	王淑明,2016
	—	二倍体实生后代筛选 Selection from progenies seedling of diploid	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Wang et al.2017
日本甜夏橙C. natsudaidai	—	伽玛射线辐射 Gamma ray radiation	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Karasawa,1971;Germanà,2003
葡萄柚C. paradisi	鸡尾葡萄柚 Cocktail grapefruit	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织 Haploid callus	王淑明,2016
C. reticulata × C. sinensis	Fortune	辐射花粉授粉 Irradiated pollen induction	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Froelicher et al.2007
C. reticulata ×（C. sinensis × C. reticulata）	Tangor 15-1 × Red Tangerine	二倍体与二倍体杂交 Hybridization between diploid plants	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Liu et al.2012
甜橙C. sinensis	早金甜橙 ‘Early Gold’ sweet orange	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体系（愈伤组织、胚状体）,纯合二倍体系（包括植株） Haploid lines（callus,embryoid）,Homozygous diploid lines （including plants）	王淑明,2016
	红夏橙 ‘Rohde Red’ Valencia	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织系 Haploid callus lines	王淑明,2016
	暗柳橙 ‘An Liu’sweet orange	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体愈伤组织系 Haploid callus lines	王淑明,2016
	Valencia	花药培养 Anther culture	双单倍体愈伤组织 Double haploid callus	Cao et al.2011
C. reticulata,C. deliciosa,C. sinensis,C. limon,C. paradisi,Tangelo‘Mapo’（C.deliciosa × C. paradisi）					花药培养 Anther culture	含单倍体及多倍体的混倍体愈伤组织 Mixoploid callus containing haploid and polyploid	Geraci & Starrantin,1990
假黄皮（Clausena excavata）（4x）	—	花药培养 Anther culture	二倍体植株 Diploid plants	Froelicher & Ollitrault, 2000
枳（Poncirus trifoliata）	—	花药培养 Anther culture	单倍体植株 Haploid plants	Hidaka et al.1979

基因型 Genetype	品种（株系） Variety（Line）	获得方法 Obtaining method	参考文献 Reference
Citrus maxima×C. ichangensis	沙田柚—宜昌橙异源四倍体 ‘Shatian’pomelo-C. ichangensis allotetraploid	异源二倍体经染色体加倍（秋水仙素诱导） Allodiploid genome doubling（colchicine- induced）	杨星等,2016
柚C. maxima	沙田柚‘Shatian’pomelo	实生筛选 Seedling selection	向素琼等,2008
克里曼丁橘C. clementina	Clemenules,Fina,Marisol	秋水仙素/氨磺乐灵诱导茎尖 + 微嫁接 + 扇形分离 Colchicine/oryzalin induction + Micro-grafting + Sectorial chimera segregation	Aleza et al.2009b
C. clementina ×（C. unshiu × C. nobilis）	Moncada	秋水仙素/氨磺乐灵诱导茎尖 + 微嫁接 + 扇形分离 Colchicine/oryzalin induction + Micro-grafting + Sectorial chimera segregation	Aleza et al.2009b
异源四倍体 Allotetraploid	‘Succari’ sweet orange +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Nova’tangelo +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Murcott’ tangor +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Succari’sweet orange +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ zygotic pummelo	体细胞融合 Somatic cell fusion	Grosser & Gmitter,2011
C. reticulata × C. sinensis	Umatilla	秋水仙素诱导愈伤组织 Colchicine inducing callus	Wu & Mooney, 2002
柠檬C. limon	Lisbon	未知Unknown	Esen et al.1978

基因型 Genetype	品种（株系） Variety（Line）	获得方法 Obtaining method	参考文献 Reference
Citrus maxima×C. ichangensis	沙田柚—宜昌橙异源四倍体 ‘Shatian’pomelo-C. ichangensis allotetraploid	异源二倍体经染色体加倍（秋水仙素诱导） Allodiploid genome doubling（colchicine- induced）	杨星等,2016
柚C. maxima	沙田柚‘Shatian’pomelo	实生筛选 Seedling selection	向素琼等,2008
克里曼丁橘C. clementina	Clemenules,Fina,Marisol	秋水仙素/氨磺乐灵诱导茎尖 + 微嫁接 + 扇形分离 Colchicine/oryzalin induction + Micro-grafting + Sectorial chimera segregation	Aleza et al.2009b
C. clementina ×（C. unshiu × C. nobilis）	Moncada	秋水仙素/氨磺乐灵诱导茎尖 + 微嫁接 + 扇形分离 Colchicine/oryzalin induction + Micro-grafting + Sectorial chimera segregation	Aleza et al.2009b
异源四倍体 Allotetraploid	‘Succari’ sweet orange +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Nova’tangelo +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Murcott’ tangor +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ pummelo sdlg.,‘Succari’sweet orange +‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ zygotic pummelo	体细胞融合 Somatic cell fusion	Grosser & Gmitter,2011
C. reticulata × C. sinensis	Umatilla	秋水仙素诱导愈伤组织 Colchicine inducing callus	Wu & Mooney, 2002
柠檬C. limon	Lisbon	未知Unknown	Esen et al.1978

Ploidy Manipulation and Citrus Breeding:Current Status,Problems and Prospects

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