Morphology and Microstructure Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium Cut Flowers

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0921

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 345-358.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0921

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Morphology and Microstructure Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium Cut Flowers

ZHANG Ailing, TU Hongyan, XIAO Wang^*(), ZHONG Xiaoqing, LU Qiuchan, CHENG Liping, LIN Xiaoping, MAI Yuling

Development Center of Applied Ecology and Ecological Engineering in Guangdong Universities，College of Biology and Food Engineering，Guangdong University of Education，Guangzhou 510303，China

Received:2022-08-26 Revised:2022-11-07 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-03-06
Contact: *（E-mail：xiaowang@gdei.edu.cn）

Abstract

Abstract:

With diploid and tetraploid Hedychium coronarium as test material，the developmental process of cut flowers were observed. Micrographic changes of the flower stem base，corolla tube and petals were identified by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. With the bent neck of corolla tube and initial wilting of petal as markers，the developmental process of florets was divided into six stages：bracts cracking stage，initial opening stage，blooming stage，neck bending stage，initial wilting stage，and wilting stage. Neck bending of the floret corolla tube preceded petal wilting，and the senescence of corolla tube cells arose earlier than the petal cells. The diameter of the corolla tube of the tetraploid was extremely significantly more than that of the diploid，and the ratio of the corolla tube length out of bracts to the total length of the tetraploid was significantly less than that of the diploid. During the whole vase life，the cut flowers of tetraploid were in the state of net water absorption for longer time and the basal vessel of cut flower stem were blocked more slightly than those of the diploid. The neck bending of the tetraploid floret arose later than that of the diploid，and damages of mitochondria of corolla tube and petal cells were posterior to those of the diploid. In total，neck bending of the corolla tube was the landmark for the beginning of senescence of H. coronarium floret. The significant longer longevity of the tetraploid cut flowers may be due to the thicker corolla tube and stronger support from bracts to florets，the postponed senescence of corolla tube and petal cells，and stronger water absorption and anti-blocking ability of the flower stems.

Key words: Hedychium coronarium, tetraploid, cut flower, senescence, corolla tube

CLC Number:

S682.19

ZHANG Ailing, TU Hongyan, XIAO Wang, ZHONG Xiaoqing, LU Qiuchan, CHENG Liping, LIN Xiaoping, MAI Yuling. Morphology and Microstructure Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium Cut Flowers[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 345-358.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 The bent neck of corolla tube of floret of Hedychium coronarium

Fig. 2 Anatomic structure of inflorescence（A）and floret（B）of Hedychium coronarium a：Spike；b：Bract；c：Primary bracts；d：Floret bud；e：Floret；f：Corolla tube；g：Labellum；h：Lateral staminodes（Wing）；i：Corolla lobes；j：Stigma；k：Style；l：Ovary；m：Anther；n：Filament.

Fig. 3 Different developmental stages of floret of Hedychium coronarium

Fig. 3 Morphological changes of diploid and tetraploid florets of Hedychium coronarium in different developmental stages 0 h：Bracts cracking；Blue arrow：Neck bending stage；Yellow arrow：Initial wilting stage；Red arrow：Wilting stage.

Table 1 Comparison of different developmental stages and inflorescence longevity of diploid and tetraploid florets of Hedychium coronarium

白姜花 Hedychium coronarium	小花Florets		花序Inflorescence
白姜花 Hedychium coronarium	观赏时长/h Ornamental duration	瓶插寿命/h Longevity	观赏时长/h Ornamental duration	瓶插寿命/h Longevity
二倍体Diploid	15.3 ± 2.9 a	23.8 ± 3.3 a	58.4 ± 3.2 a	70.8 ± 6.4 a
四倍体Tetraploid	23.7 ± 4.0 b	29.5 ± 4.1 b	83.8 ± 5.3 b	106.6 ± 7.1 b

Fig. 5 Changes of fresh weight of diploid and tetraploid cut flowers of Hedychium coronarium during vase periods

Table 2 Comparison of corolla tube morphology between diploid and tetraploid of Hedychium coronarium

材料 Material	直径/cm Diameter	全长/cm Total length	伸出苞片外长/cm The length out of bracts	伸出苞片外长占全长比例/% The ratio of the length out of bracts to the total length
二倍体Diploid	0.23 ± 0.05 A	7.97 ± 0.61 a	2.75 ± 0.49 A	30.0 B
四倍体Tetraploid	0.43 ± 0.04 B	8.80 ± 0.62 b	2.03 ± 0.60 B	21.6 A

Fig. 6 Microstructures of corolla tube in diploid（D）and tetraploid（T）flowers of Hedychium coronarium with light microscope

Fig. 7 Development of diploid（D，d）and tetraploid（T，t）florets（D，T）and the corresponding cross sections（d，t） with scanning electron microscope 1，2，3 represent blooming stage，neck bending stage and initial wilting stage.

Fig. 8 Subcellular structures of corolla tube cells of diploid and tetraploid flowers in different vase periods with transmission electron microscope

Fig. 9 Changes of petal epidermal cell surfaces of diploid and tetraploid flowers in different developmental periods with scanning electron microscopic

Fig. 10 Subcellular structure changes of petal epidermal cells of diploid and tetraploid flowers in different developmental periods with transmission electron microscope

Fig. 11 Microstructures of flower stem bases in different vase periods in diploid and tetraploid cut flowers of Hedychium coronarium with scanning electron microscope

Table 3 Blocking frequency of basal vessel of cut flower stem of diploid and tetraploid Hedychium coronarium during different vase periods %

瓶插时间/h Vase time	二倍体 Diploid	四倍体 Tetraploid
0	18.6 ± 0.29 a	15.1 ± 0.38 a
24	29.5 ± 0.47 b	15.1 ± 0.26 a
48	30.9 ± 0.37 b	16.4 ± 0.25 a
72	37.1 ± 0.42 c	19.9 ± 0.30 a

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Morphology and Microstructure Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium Cut Flowers

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