Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Canker Disease of Malus sieversii

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0198

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1491-1501.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0198

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Canker Disease of Malus sieversii

ZHANG Qin¹, XIA Hongfei¹, SHAN Lei¹, WUSIMAN · Saimi¹, ZHANG Xuechao², WANG Lili¹^,^*()

¹ Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safety Control of Agricultural and Forestry Pests， Key Laboratory of Biological Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Forestry Invasion Organisms in Northwest Desert Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，College of Agronomy，Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi 830052， China
² Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture， Yining， Xinjiang 835000， China

Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-07-22 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-05-26
Contact: WANG Lili

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to isolate，pathogenicity determination，morphological characteristics，phylogenetic analysis of ITS，TEF，ACT and TUB sequences and identification of the biological characteristics of canker disease of Malus sieversii. The results showed that a total of six pathogens were identified：Cytospora ambiens，C. hoffmannii，C. mali，C. pruinopsis，C. leucostoma and C. parasitica，all belonging to the genus Cytospora. The biological characteristics results indicated that the optimal culture conditions for mycelial growth of the six strains were on PDA medium，at 25-30 ℃，and pH 6-8. C. pruinopsis utilized sucrose as the optimal carbon source，while glucose was the optimal carbon source for the other strains. The optimal light conditions for the mycelial growth of different Cytospora species were determined as follows：C. ambiens and C. mali exhibited the best growth under full light；C. pruinopsis grew optimally under a 12-hour light-dark cycle；C. parasitica thrived in complete darkness；C. leucostoma showed the most favorable growth under both full light and a 12-hour light-dark cycle；and C. hoffmannii could grow well under all tested light conditions. In this study，C. parasitica was identified as the principal pathogenic fungus causing canker disease in Malus sieversii，with the highest isolation frequency of 63.87%；C. ambiens and C. hoffmannii were newly identified pathogens on Malus sieversii.

Key words: Malus sieversii, valsa canker, Cytospora, identification, biological characteristics

ZHANG Qin, XIA Hongfei, SHAN Lei, WUSIMAN · Saimi, ZHANG Xuechao, WANG Lili. Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Canker Disease of Malus sieversii[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(5): 1491-1501.

Figures/Tables 5

References 26

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试验 Test	培养条件 Culture condition	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
试验 Test	培养条件 Culture condition	苹果壳囊孢 C. mali	霍氏壳囊孢 C. hoffmannii	梨壳囊孢 C. ambiens	核果壳囊孢 C. leucostoma	寄生壳囊孢 C. parasitica	拟李属壳囊孢 C. pruinopsis
培养基 Media	PSA	84.13 ± 0.81 a	83.44 ± 1.07 a	81.07 ± 0.86 b	73.79 ± 0.59 b	68.49 ± 1.20 b	50.41 ± 0.49 c
	20%ABA	55.69 ± 1.39 b	17.19 ± 0.85 b	21.85 ± 1.12 d	54.67 ± 0.13 d	41.65 ± 1.17 c	25.90 ± 1.76 d
	PMA	84.30 ± 1.12 a	84.27 ± 0.34 a	83.30 ± 0.11 a	69.14 ± 1.45 c	68.18 ± 1.43 b	65.10 ± 0.81 b
	PDA	84.17 ± 0.54 a	84.14 ± 0.24 a	83.47 ± 0.15 a	83.85 ± 0.32 a	75.75 ± 0.99 a	78.71 ± 1.48 a
	Czapek	13.83 ± 0.82 c	12.38 ± 1.06 c	25.05 ± 0.74 c	7.24 ± 0.36 e	10.93 ± 0.45 d	24.74 ± 0.79 d
温度/℃ Temperature	5	6.34 ± 0.25 f	6.21 ± 0.07 e	4.64 ± 0.26 h	5.91 ± 0.16 g	5.17 ± 0.17 f	5.17 ± 0.10g
	10	8.16 ± 0.43 f	6.28 ± 0.31 e	9.89 ± 0.38 g	7.32 ± 0.21 g	5.09 ± 0.38 f	5.12 ± 0.12g
	15	43.60 ± 2.45 d	43.24 ± 1.77 c	50.53 ± 0.82 e	20.00 ± 1.62 e	16.33 ± 0.61 e	10.57 ± 0.76f
	20	45.18 ± 1.73 d	71.60 ± 1.20 b	63.14 ± 0.71 c	62.58 ± 0.68 d	59.38 ± 0.85 b	70.52 ± 1.10c
	25	72.59 ± 1.84 c	84.14 ± 0.24 a	83.47 ± 0.15 a	83.85 ± 0.32 a	74.99 ± 2.02 a	78.72 ± 0.69a
	28	83.83 ± 0.14 a	83.35 ± 0.09 a	80.40 ± 1.63 b	81.87 ± 1.45 b	52.55 ± 1.83 c	72.85 ± 1.21b
	30	80.97 ± 0.68 b	83.01 ± 0.41 a	78.86 ± 1.01 b	78.49 ± 2.06 c	47.31 ± 1.54 d	60.24 ± 0.17d
	35	14.16 ± 1.28 e	14.35 ± 0.48 d	58.69 ± 2.46 d	15.15 ± 1.60 f	18.08 ± 1.10 e	12.93 ± 0.19e
	40	6.97 ± 0.17 f	7.00 ± 0.20 e	15.90 ± 1.07 f	7.38 ± 0.31 g	5.09 ± 0.24 f	5.13 ± 0.12 g
pH	4	54.54 ± 0.77 e	52.93 ± 1.87 d	53.94 ± 1.34 e	60.55 ± 1.15 c	29.99 ± 0.85 e	62.56 ± 0.66 c
	5	73.47 ± 0.44 ab	74.19 ± 0.59 a	67.58 ± 1.80 c	77.66 ± 2.43 b	54.26 ± 1.28 b	63.10 ± 0.50 c
	6	74.12 ± 0.39 a	74.06 ± 0.49 a	72.13 ± 0.76 b	84.02 ± 0.54 a	60.75 ± 0.55 a	65.65 ± 0.23 b
	7	74.22 ± 0.70 a	72.28 ± 1.82 ab	77.67 ± 1.28 a	84.19 ± 0.19 a	59.67 ± 1.35 a	67.82 ± 1.27 a
	8	73.16 ± 0.99 ab	71.58 ± 0.55 b	70.54 ± 1.82 b	83.20 ± 0.81 a	49.96 ± 0.64 c	62.10 ± 1.29 c
	9	72.61 ± 2.02 b	70.33 ± 0.30 b	65.87 ± 1.90 c	82.89 ± 1.01 a	35.84 ± 0.92 d	37.91 ± 0.50 d
	10	66.07 ± 0.22 c	65.40 ± 1.47 c	58.08 ± 1.08 d	76.81 ± 0.37 b	21.81 ± 0.83 f	22.43 ± 0.05 e
	11	58.81 ± 0.71 d	38.14 ± 2.02 e	42.53 ± 2.02 f	49.42 ± 0.94 d	13.50 ± 0.46 g	10.08 ± 0.27 f
碳源 Carbon source	无碳 Carbon less	8.13 ± 0.57 c	7.13 ± 0.03 d	19.11 ± 1.33 e	7.03 ± 0.25 d	5.94 ± 0.33 d	22.01 ± 1.64 d
	乳糖 Lactose	10.02 ± 1.28 c	11.12 ± 0.77 c	29.85 ± 0.54 c	19.35 ± 0.39 c	11.33 ± 0.92 b	31.99 ± 0.58 b
	麦芽糖 Maltose	9.14 ± 0.67 c	18.07 ± 0.83 b	35.93 ± 1.18 b	21.58 ± 0.81 b	8.44 ± 0.75 c	27.71 ± 1.50 c
	葡萄糖 Glucose	16.77 ± 1.88 a	30.31 ± 2.11 a	38.88 ± 1.20 a	29.76 ± 1.44 a	17.16 ± 1.32 a	23.38 ± 0.74 d
	蔗糖 Sucrose	13.83 ± 0.82 b	12.38 ± 0.77 c	22.59 ± 1.08 d	7.24 ± 0.36 d	10.59 ± 0.77 b	37.79 ± 0.12 a
氮源 Nitrogen source	无氮Nitrogen free	12.90 ± 0.67 d	7.63 ± 0.99 b	30.14 ± 0.98 b	9.69 ± 0.73 a	17.70 ± 0.78 d	11.49 ± 1.48 b
	天门冬酰胺 L-asparagine	24.40 ± 0.88 a	12.80 ± 0.63 a	31.64 ± 0.78 b	8.68 ± 0.68 ab	26.90 ± 0.19 a	21.40 ± 0.48 a
	甘氨酸 Glycine	19.60 ± 1.11 b	9.17 ± 1.16 b	37.00 ± 0.92 a	8.01 ± 0.88 ab	24.70 ± 1.26 b	9.66 ± 1.14 c
	硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate	17.10 ± 1.05 c	12.00 ± 1.47 a	26.93 ± 2.44 c	9.95 ± 2.66 a	19.90 ± 0.39 c	5.07 ± 0.14 d
	硝酸钾 Potassium nitrate	9.12 ± 0.35 e	9.28 ± 2.24 b	27.92 ± 0.25 c	8.59 ± 0.64 ab	23.60 ± 0.49 b	10.00 ± 0.78 bc
	硝酸钠 Sdium nitrate	13.80 ± 0.82 d	12.30 ± 0.77 a	22.59 ± 1.08 d	7.24 ± 0.36 c	24.74 ± 0.79 b	10.50 ± 0.77 bc
光照 Light	全光照 All light	83.09 ± 0.21 a	83.86 ± 0.31 a	60.08 ± 0.63 a	83.31 ± 0.57 a	39.91 ± 0.89 b	68.93 ± 1.06 b
	全黑暗 All dark	74.52 ± 2.00 b	82.31 ± 1.52 a	52.31 ± 1.39 c	75.11 ± 2.90 b	47.97 ± 2.08 a	53.93 ± 0.46 c
	光暗交替 Dark/ Light	71.38 ± 2.79 b	83.64 ± 0.41 a	56.26 ± 0.86 b	80.36 ± 2.84 a	42.23 ± 1.07 b	73.42 ± 0.38 a

试验 Test	培养条件 Culture condition	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter
试验 Test	培养条件 Culture condition	苹果壳囊孢 C. mali	霍氏壳囊孢 C. hoffmannii	梨壳囊孢 C. ambiens	核果壳囊孢 C. leucostoma	寄生壳囊孢 C. parasitica	拟李属壳囊孢 C. pruinopsis
培养基 Media	PSA	84.13 ± 0.81 a	83.44 ± 1.07 a	81.07 ± 0.86 b	73.79 ± 0.59 b	68.49 ± 1.20 b	50.41 ± 0.49 c
	20%ABA	55.69 ± 1.39 b	17.19 ± 0.85 b	21.85 ± 1.12 d	54.67 ± 0.13 d	41.65 ± 1.17 c	25.90 ± 1.76 d
	PMA	84.30 ± 1.12 a	84.27 ± 0.34 a	83.30 ± 0.11 a	69.14 ± 1.45 c	68.18 ± 1.43 b	65.10 ± 0.81 b
	PDA	84.17 ± 0.54 a	84.14 ± 0.24 a	83.47 ± 0.15 a	83.85 ± 0.32 a	75.75 ± 0.99 a	78.71 ± 1.48 a
	Czapek	13.83 ± 0.82 c	12.38 ± 1.06 c	25.05 ± 0.74 c	7.24 ± 0.36 e	10.93 ± 0.45 d	24.74 ± 0.79 d
温度/℃ Temperature	5	6.34 ± 0.25 f	6.21 ± 0.07 e	4.64 ± 0.26 h	5.91 ± 0.16 g	5.17 ± 0.17 f	5.17 ± 0.10g
	10	8.16 ± 0.43 f	6.28 ± 0.31 e	9.89 ± 0.38 g	7.32 ± 0.21 g	5.09 ± 0.38 f	5.12 ± 0.12g
	15	43.60 ± 2.45 d	43.24 ± 1.77 c	50.53 ± 0.82 e	20.00 ± 1.62 e	16.33 ± 0.61 e	10.57 ± 0.76f
	20	45.18 ± 1.73 d	71.60 ± 1.20 b	63.14 ± 0.71 c	62.58 ± 0.68 d	59.38 ± 0.85 b	70.52 ± 1.10c
	25	72.59 ± 1.84 c	84.14 ± 0.24 a	83.47 ± 0.15 a	83.85 ± 0.32 a	74.99 ± 2.02 a	78.72 ± 0.69a
	28	83.83 ± 0.14 a	83.35 ± 0.09 a	80.40 ± 1.63 b	81.87 ± 1.45 b	52.55 ± 1.83 c	72.85 ± 1.21b
	30	80.97 ± 0.68 b	83.01 ± 0.41 a	78.86 ± 1.01 b	78.49 ± 2.06 c	47.31 ± 1.54 d	60.24 ± 0.17d
	35	14.16 ± 1.28 e	14.35 ± 0.48 d	58.69 ± 2.46 d	15.15 ± 1.60 f	18.08 ± 1.10 e	12.93 ± 0.19e
	40	6.97 ± 0.17 f	7.00 ± 0.20 e	15.90 ± 1.07 f	7.38 ± 0.31 g	5.09 ± 0.24 f	5.13 ± 0.12 g
pH	4	54.54 ± 0.77 e	52.93 ± 1.87 d	53.94 ± 1.34 e	60.55 ± 1.15 c	29.99 ± 0.85 e	62.56 ± 0.66 c
	5	73.47 ± 0.44 ab	74.19 ± 0.59 a	67.58 ± 1.80 c	77.66 ± 2.43 b	54.26 ± 1.28 b	63.10 ± 0.50 c
	6	74.12 ± 0.39 a	74.06 ± 0.49 a	72.13 ± 0.76 b	84.02 ± 0.54 a	60.75 ± 0.55 a	65.65 ± 0.23 b
	7	74.22 ± 0.70 a	72.28 ± 1.82 ab	77.67 ± 1.28 a	84.19 ± 0.19 a	59.67 ± 1.35 a	67.82 ± 1.27 a
	8	73.16 ± 0.99 ab	71.58 ± 0.55 b	70.54 ± 1.82 b	83.20 ± 0.81 a	49.96 ± 0.64 c	62.10 ± 1.29 c
	9	72.61 ± 2.02 b	70.33 ± 0.30 b	65.87 ± 1.90 c	82.89 ± 1.01 a	35.84 ± 0.92 d	37.91 ± 0.50 d
	10	66.07 ± 0.22 c	65.40 ± 1.47 c	58.08 ± 1.08 d	76.81 ± 0.37 b	21.81 ± 0.83 f	22.43 ± 0.05 e
	11	58.81 ± 0.71 d	38.14 ± 2.02 e	42.53 ± 2.02 f	49.42 ± 0.94 d	13.50 ± 0.46 g	10.08 ± 0.27 f
碳源 Carbon source	无碳 Carbon less	8.13 ± 0.57 c	7.13 ± 0.03 d	19.11 ± 1.33 e	7.03 ± 0.25 d	5.94 ± 0.33 d	22.01 ± 1.64 d
	乳糖 Lactose	10.02 ± 1.28 c	11.12 ± 0.77 c	29.85 ± 0.54 c	19.35 ± 0.39 c	11.33 ± 0.92 b	31.99 ± 0.58 b
	麦芽糖 Maltose	9.14 ± 0.67 c	18.07 ± 0.83 b	35.93 ± 1.18 b	21.58 ± 0.81 b	8.44 ± 0.75 c	27.71 ± 1.50 c
	葡萄糖 Glucose	16.77 ± 1.88 a	30.31 ± 2.11 a	38.88 ± 1.20 a	29.76 ± 1.44 a	17.16 ± 1.32 a	23.38 ± 0.74 d
	蔗糖 Sucrose	13.83 ± 0.82 b	12.38 ± 0.77 c	22.59 ± 1.08 d	7.24 ± 0.36 d	10.59 ± 0.77 b	37.79 ± 0.12 a
氮源 Nitrogen source	无氮Nitrogen free	12.90 ± 0.67 d	7.63 ± 0.99 b	30.14 ± 0.98 b	9.69 ± 0.73 a	17.70 ± 0.78 d	11.49 ± 1.48 b
	天门冬酰胺 L-asparagine	24.40 ± 0.88 a	12.80 ± 0.63 a	31.64 ± 0.78 b	8.68 ± 0.68 ab	26.90 ± 0.19 a	21.40 ± 0.48 a
	甘氨酸 Glycine	19.60 ± 1.11 b	9.17 ± 1.16 b	37.00 ± 0.92 a	8.01 ± 0.88 ab	24.70 ± 1.26 b	9.66 ± 1.14 c
	硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate	17.10 ± 1.05 c	12.00 ± 1.47 a	26.93 ± 2.44 c	9.95 ± 2.66 a	19.90 ± 0.39 c	5.07 ± 0.14 d
	硝酸钾 Potassium nitrate	9.12 ± 0.35 e	9.28 ± 2.24 b	27.92 ± 0.25 c	8.59 ± 0.64 ab	23.60 ± 0.49 b	10.00 ± 0.78 bc
	硝酸钠 Sdium nitrate	13.80 ± 0.82 d	12.30 ± 0.77 a	22.59 ± 1.08 d	7.24 ± 0.36 c	24.74 ± 0.79 b	10.50 ± 0.77 bc
光照 Light	全光照 All light	83.09 ± 0.21 a	83.86 ± 0.31 a	60.08 ± 0.63 a	83.31 ± 0.57 a	39.91 ± 0.89 b	68.93 ± 1.06 b
	全黑暗 All dark	74.52 ± 2.00 b	82.31 ± 1.52 a	52.31 ± 1.39 c	75.11 ± 2.90 b	47.97 ± 2.08 a	53.93 ± 0.46 c
	光暗交替 Dark/ Light	71.38 ± 2.79 b	83.64 ± 0.41 a	56.26 ± 0.86 b	80.36 ± 2.84 a	42.23 ± 1.07 b	73.42 ± 0.38 a

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing Canker Disease of Malus sieversii

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