中国花椰菜育种50年回顾与进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0177

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统回顾了中国花椰菜育种50年来的研究进展与成果，在花椰菜种质资源的搜集、鉴定、评价、利用与创制、重要基因挖掘与功能鉴定、现代分子育种、新品种选育等领域取得的重要突破。通过搜集、引进和创制国内外种质资源，逐渐形成了中国福建、广东、温州、上海等地方特色品种及欧洲、日本类型品种，显著丰富了我国花椰菜的遗传资源多样性。单倍体育种、基因组学、分子标记辅助育种等技术取得突破性进展，创制了抗病、抗逆、优质及雄性不育等关键种质资源，推动了花椰菜主栽品种的培育。品种选育经历了常规育种、自交不亲和系利用、雄性不育系应用等阶段，逐步构建了现代商业化育种体系，选育一批优良品种，实现了种源的自主可控。目前，我国的花椰菜育种仍面临着优异种质资源匮乏、核心基因挖掘不足、品种同质化、抗逆性不足等问题。未来应聚焦功能化与优质化、多抗广适性、宜机化轻简化栽培、小型化与多样化品种培育等，同时加强种质资源共享与分子育种技术应用，以应对气候变化与产业升级的挑战。

关键词: 花椰菜, 育种, 种质资源, 品种, 发展趋势

Abstract:

This article systematically reviews the research progress and achievements in Chinese cauliflower breeding over the past five decades，focusing on breakthroughs in germplasm resource collection，identification，evaluation，utilization，and innovation；critical gene discovery and functional characterization；modern molecular breeding；and new cultivar development. By integrating domestic and international germplasm resources，distinctive regional varieties（e.g.，Fujian，Guangdong，Wenzhou，and Shanghai types）and European/Japanese germplasm types have been established，significantly enhancing the genetic diversity of Chinese cauliflower. Breakthroughs in haploid breeding，genomics，and molecular marker-assisted breeding technologies have enabled the creation of key germplasm resources with disease resistance，stress tolerance，high quality，and male sterility，driving the cultivation of mainstream commercial cultivars. Breeding strategies have evolved through three phases：conventional breeding，utilization of self-incompatibility lines，and application of male sterile lines，progressively establishing a modern commercial breeding system and achieving seed-source independence. However，challenges persist，including insufficient elite germplasm reserves，inadequate exploration of core genes，cultivar homogenization，and limited stress resistance. functionalization and quality enhancement，the breeding of multi-resistant and broadly adaptable varieties，the advancement of mechanization-compatible and simplified cultivation practices，as well as the development of small-sized and diversified cultivars. Concurrently，enhancing germplasm resource sharing and molecular breeding technologies will be critical to address climate change and meet industrial upgrading demands.

Key words: cauliflower, breeding, germplasm resources, cultivar, development trends

孙德岭, 姚星伟, 陈锐, 杨迎霞, 单晓政. 中国花椰菜育种50年回顾与进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1159-1179.

SUN Deling, YAO Xingwei, CHEN Rui, YANG Yingxia, SHAN Xiaozheng. Review and Prospects of Cauliflower Breeding During the Past 50 Years in China[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1159-1179.

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