中国芥菜育种进展与展望

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“十四五”以来，中国芥菜类蔬菜育种进程加速，新品种培育和育种技术取得重要突破，为中国的芥菜种源建设和品种更新换代提供了重要的技术支撑。本文中主要综述了20世纪50年代以来中国的芥菜品种从地方品种、常规品种到杂种一代品种的3次更新换代，以及育种技术从农户自留种、系统选育、有性杂交、杂种优势利用到生物技术育种的发展历程。针对芥菜产业存在的关键技术问题，展望了芥菜育种的发展方向和目标，为中国芥菜产业的高质量发展提供技术支撑和理论基础，为优质、多抗、广适性、宜机化专用芥菜新品种培育提供新思路。

关键词: 芥菜, 育种技术, 优质多抗, 品种, 更新换代

Abstract:

Since the“14th Five-Year Plan”period，the breeding process of mustard vegetables in China has accelerated，and significant breakthroughs have been made in new cultivar cultivation and breeding technology，providing important technical support for the construction of mustard seed sources and the upgrading of cultivars in China. This article primarily reviews the three generations of mustard cultivars in China since the 1950s，transitioning from local varieties，conventional varieties to first-generation hybrid cultivars. It also outlines the development of mustard breeding technology in China，evolving from farmer-saved seeds，systematic breeding，sexual hybridization breeding，utilization of heterosis to biotechnology breeding. Addressing key technical issues in China’s mustard industry，this article envisions future directions and goals for mustard breeding，aiming to provide robust technical support and theoretical foundations for the high-quality development of China’s mustard industry. It offers new insights for cultivating high-quality，multi-resistant，widely adaptable，and machine-friendly specialized mustard cultivars.

Key words: mustard, breeding technology, high quality and multi-resistance, cultivar, renewal and replacement

万正杰, 付文苑, 余长春, 程菲, 郭丽萍, 程琪琪. 中国芥菜育种进展与展望[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1180-1188.

WAN Zhengjie, FU Wenyuan, YU Changchun, CHENG Fei, GUO Liping, CHENG Qiqi. Progress and Prospects of Mustard（Brassica juncea）Breeding in China[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1180-1188.

图/表 1

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性状Trait	基因Gene	标记类型Type	参考文献Reference
红叶Red leaf	/	RAPD	曹必好等,2001
不育基因hau CMS	orf288	线粒体特异标记Mitochondrial-specific marker	Jing et al.,2012
紫叶Purple leaf	BjPur	InDel	Heng et al.,2020a
裂刻Lobed leaf	BjRCO	SNP	Heng et al.,2020b
恢复基因Rertility restoration	BjRf	SNP，InDel	Cheng et al.,2021
病毒病Virus disease	PAP	SNP	赵爽等,2008
茎瘤形成Swollen stem formation	CK2B1	SNP	Zhang et al.,2020
心皮形成Carpel formation	BjROP10	SNP	徐珂等,2022

性状Trait	基因Gene	标记类型Type	参考文献Reference
红叶Red leaf	/	RAPD	曹必好等,2001
不育基因hau CMS	orf288	线粒体特异标记Mitochondrial-specific marker	Jing et al.,2012
紫叶Purple leaf	BjPur	InDel	Heng et al.,2020a
裂刻Lobed leaf	BjRCO	SNP	Heng et al.,2020b
恢复基因Rertility restoration	BjRf	SNP，InDel	Cheng et al.,2021
病毒病Virus disease	PAP	SNP	赵爽等,2008
茎瘤形成Swollen stem formation	CK2B1	SNP	Zhang et al.,2020
心皮形成Carpel formation	BjROP10	SNP	徐珂等,2022