大白菜耐抽薹性状研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大白菜（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）是中国重要的蔬菜作物，而未熟抽薹是高海拔地区夏季和北方地区春季大白菜生产的主要限制因素，培育耐抽薹品种已成为大白菜育种的重要目标。本文综述了大白菜抽薹的影响因素、耐抽薹性状的遗传规律、基因功能鉴定和育种现状等方面的研究，以期为大白菜耐抽薹品种的选育及耐抽薹分子机制解析提供参考。

关键词: 大白菜, 耐抽薹, 育种, 遗传规律, 耐抽薹基因, 温度, 光照, 赤霉素

Abstract:

Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）is an important vegetable crop in China，however，premature bolting has become a major limiting factor for its production in high-altitude areas during summer and in northern regions during spring，and the development of bolting-resistant varieties has emerged as a crucial objective in Chinese cabbage breeding. This article reviews the research on the influencing factors of Chinese cabbage bolting traits，the genetic inheritance patterns of bolting resistance traits，the functional identification of bolting resistance genes，and the current status of bolting resistance breeding，the review aims to provide valuable references for the breeding of bolting-resistant cultivars and the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying bolting resistance in Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, bolting resistance, breeding, genetic inheritance pattern, bolting resistance gene, temperature, light, gibberellin

张美迪, 马明, 李晓楠, 姜明亮. 大白菜耐抽薹性状研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1136-1158.

ZHANG Meidi, MA Ming, LI Xiaonan, JIANG Mingliang. Research Progress on Bolting Resistance Traits in Chinese Cabbage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1136-1158.

图/表 3

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基因名称 Gene name	基因功能 Gene function	对耐抽薹的调控作用 The regulatory effect on bolting resistance	参考文献 Reference
BrFT1、BrFT2	调节开花的环境和内源性信号的核心整合因子 The core integrator that regulates the flowering environment and endogenous signals	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2015；Lee et al.,2023
BrSOC1、BrSOC2	开花整合基因，与NO信号调节基因共同调控大白菜开花时间 Flowering integration genes，together with NO signaling regulatory genes，regulate the flowering time of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Franks et al.,2015；Jung et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022
BrSCO1b	与BrAGL9a、BrAGL9b、BrAGL2和BrAGL8蛋白互作调节大白菜开花时间 Interacting with BrAGL9a，BrAGL9b，BrAGL2，and BrAGL8 proteins to regulate flowering time in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Li et al.,2023
BrBBX32	B-box锌指蛋白，同BrAGL24和BrSOC1互作，调控大白菜开花时间 B-box zinc finger proteins，binding to BrAGL24 and interacting with BrSOC1，regulates the flowering time of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Ma et al.,2018
BrVRN1	功能缺失可以延迟大白菜抽薹开花 Loss of function can delay the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Hong et al.,2021
BrFRIa、BrFRIb	BrFLC的正调控因子，抑制大白菜抽薹开花 The positive regulatory factor of BrFLC and inhibits the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Takada et al.,2019
BrFLC1、BrFLC2、BrFLC3	开花抑制因子，过表达可以调控大白菜晚开花 Flowering inhibitory factor，overexpression can regulate late flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Kim et al.,2007；Yuan et al.,2009；Zhao et al.,2010；Takada et al.,2019；Liu et al.,2021
BrFLC5	开花时间的弱调节因子，过表达有助于大白菜耐抽薹 Weak regulatory factors of flowering time，overexpression contributes to bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Xi et al.,2018；Akter et al.,2023；周麟笔等,2023
BrVIN3.1	影响BrFLC的表达从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Affects the expression of BrFLC and thus affects the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Su et al.,2018
BrSDG8	组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶，在FLC染色质中影响H3K4三甲基化，从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Histone lysine methyltransferase，affects H3K4 trimethylation in FLC chromatin，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Fu et al.,2020
BraVRG	使FLC表达下调，从而调节开花 Downregulate FLC expression to regulate flowering	负调控 Negative regulation	Liu et al.,2023
BrTUAs	α-微管蛋白基因家族，通过表达情况的变化从而调节大白菜抽薹开花 α-Tubulin gene family，regulates the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage through changes in expression	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2016
BraELF6	去甲基化酶，过表达延迟开花 Demethylase，overexpression delays flowering	正调控 Positive regulation	Li et al.,2019
BrCLF	组蛋白甲基转移酶，调控开花基因的表达水平从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Histone methyltransferase，regulates the expression level of flowering genes，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	侯莉,2017；Huang et al.,2020；Tan et al.,2021
BrHIS4	通过ABA信号通路减弱干旱条件下大白菜植株光周期开花基因的表达，从而防止过早抽薹 Weakening the expression of photoperiod flowering genes in Chinese cabbage plants under drought conditions through the ABA signaling pathway，thereby preventing premature bolting	正调控 Positive regulation	Xin et al.,2020
BrATC	属于PEBH家族，ATC过表达可以促进大白菜耐抽薹 Belonging to the PEBH family，overexpression of ACT can promote bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Qu et al.,2022
BR1、BR2、BR3	孤基因，通过表达的变化调节大白菜耐抽薹 Orphan genes，regulate bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage through changes in expression	正调控 Positive regulation	Jiang et al.,2023；Zhang et al.,2025
BrGRP7.1、BrCPD1、BrBRI1.1	过表达促进大白菜抽薹开花 Overexpression promotes bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	李改珍,2022
BraA.REF6、BraA.ELF6	通过组蛋白H3k27的三甲基化调控开花时间 Regulating the flowering time through trimethylation of histone H3k27	正调控 Positive regulation	Poza Viejo et al.,2022
BrLFY	转录因子，延迟大白菜抽薹开花 Transcription factors delay the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Shin et al.,2022a；Xia et al.,2007
BrAGL19、BrAGL24	AGAMOUS-like基因，功能缺失导致大白菜晚花表型 AGAMOUS-like genes，loss of function leads to late flowering phenotype in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Michaels et al.,2003；Schönrock et al.,2006；Shin et al.,2022b
BrPHYB	影响光周期途径关键基因的表达变化从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Affects the expression changes of key genes in the photoperiod pathway，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	刘栓桃等,2024
BrHY5-1	调控大白菜开花时间相关候选基因 Candidate genes related to flowering time control in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2024
BrCHS-1	调控大白菜开花时间相关候选基因 Candidate genes related to flowering time control in Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Zhang et al.,2024
BrSPA1	PHYA信号通路调节因子，通过改变光周期特性，影响大白菜抽薹开花 The regulatory factors of the PHYA signaling pathway，affects the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage by altering its photoperiod characteristics	正调控 Positive regulation	Bai et al.,2023
BrPIF4、BrPIF5、BrCOLs	表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Expression changes affect the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Dong et al.,2016
BrFRL、BrMAF1s	表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Expression changes affect the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Dong et al.,2016
BrPMEI51	果胶甲酯酶抑制子，表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Pectin esterase inhibitor，expression changes affect Chinese cabbage bolting and flowering	负调控 Negative regulation	齐萌,2021

基因名称 Gene name	基因功能 Gene function	对耐抽薹的调控作用 The regulatory effect on bolting resistance	参考文献 Reference
BrFT1、BrFT2	调节开花的环境和内源性信号的核心整合因子 The core integrator that regulates the flowering environment and endogenous signals	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2015；Lee et al.,2023
BrSOC1、BrSOC2	开花整合基因，与NO信号调节基因共同调控大白菜开花时间 Flowering integration genes，together with NO signaling regulatory genes，regulate the flowering time of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Franks et al.,2015；Jung et al.,2021；Wang et al.,2022
BrSCO1b	与BrAGL9a、BrAGL9b、BrAGL2和BrAGL8蛋白互作调节大白菜开花时间 Interacting with BrAGL9a，BrAGL9b，BrAGL2，and BrAGL8 proteins to regulate flowering time in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Li et al.,2023
BrBBX32	B-box锌指蛋白，同BrAGL24和BrSOC1互作，调控大白菜开花时间 B-box zinc finger proteins，binding to BrAGL24 and interacting with BrSOC1，regulates the flowering time of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Ma et al.,2018
BrVRN1	功能缺失可以延迟大白菜抽薹开花 Loss of function can delay the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Hong et al.,2021
BrFRIa、BrFRIb	BrFLC的正调控因子，抑制大白菜抽薹开花 The positive regulatory factor of BrFLC and inhibits the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Takada et al.,2019
BrFLC1、BrFLC2、BrFLC3	开花抑制因子，过表达可以调控大白菜晚开花 Flowering inhibitory factor，overexpression can regulate late flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Kim et al.,2007；Yuan et al.,2009；Zhao et al.,2010；Takada et al.,2019；Liu et al.,2021
BrFLC5	开花时间的弱调节因子，过表达有助于大白菜耐抽薹 Weak regulatory factors of flowering time，overexpression contributes to bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Xi et al.,2018；Akter et al.,2023；周麟笔等,2023
BrVIN3.1	影响BrFLC的表达从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Affects the expression of BrFLC and thus affects the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Su et al.,2018
BrSDG8	组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶，在FLC染色质中影响H3K4三甲基化，从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Histone lysine methyltransferase，affects H3K4 trimethylation in FLC chromatin，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Fu et al.,2020
BraVRG	使FLC表达下调，从而调节开花 Downregulate FLC expression to regulate flowering	负调控 Negative regulation	Liu et al.,2023
BrTUAs	α-微管蛋白基因家族，通过表达情况的变化从而调节大白菜抽薹开花 α-Tubulin gene family，regulates the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage through changes in expression	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2016
BraELF6	去甲基化酶，过表达延迟开花 Demethylase，overexpression delays flowering	正调控 Positive regulation	Li et al.,2019
BrCLF	组蛋白甲基转移酶，调控开花基因的表达水平从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Histone methyltransferase，regulates the expression level of flowering genes，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	侯莉,2017；Huang et al.,2020；Tan et al.,2021
BrHIS4	通过ABA信号通路减弱干旱条件下大白菜植株光周期开花基因的表达，从而防止过早抽薹 Weakening the expression of photoperiod flowering genes in Chinese cabbage plants under drought conditions through the ABA signaling pathway，thereby preventing premature bolting	正调控 Positive regulation	Xin et al.,2020
BrATC	属于PEBH家族，ATC过表达可以促进大白菜耐抽薹 Belonging to the PEBH family，overexpression of ACT can promote bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Qu et al.,2022
BR1、BR2、BR3	孤基因，通过表达的变化调节大白菜耐抽薹 Orphan genes，regulate bolting resistance of Chinese cabbage through changes in expression	正调控 Positive regulation	Jiang et al.,2023；Zhang et al.,2025
BrGRP7.1、BrCPD1、BrBRI1.1	过表达促进大白菜抽薹开花 Overexpression promotes bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	李改珍,2022
BraA.REF6、BraA.ELF6	通过组蛋白H3k27的三甲基化调控开花时间 Regulating the flowering time through trimethylation of histone H3k27	正调控 Positive regulation	Poza Viejo et al.,2022
BrLFY	转录因子，延迟大白菜抽薹开花 Transcription factors delay the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Shin et al.,2022a；Xia et al.,2007
BrAGL19、BrAGL24	AGAMOUS-like基因，功能缺失导致大白菜晚花表型 AGAMOUS-like genes，loss of function leads to late flowering phenotype in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Michaels et al.,2003；Schönrock et al.,2006；Shin et al.,2022b
BrPHYB	影响光周期途径关键基因的表达变化从而影响大白菜抽薹开花 Affects the expression changes of key genes in the photoperiod pathway，thereby affecting the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	刘栓桃等,2024
BrHY5-1	调控大白菜开花时间相关候选基因 Candidate genes related to flowering time control in Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Zhang et al.,2024
BrCHS-1	调控大白菜开花时间相关候选基因 Candidate genes related to flowering time control in Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Zhang et al.,2024
BrSPA1	PHYA信号通路调节因子，通过改变光周期特性，影响大白菜抽薹开花 The regulatory factors of the PHYA signaling pathway，affects the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage by altering its photoperiod characteristics	正调控 Positive regulation	Bai et al.,2023
BrPIF4、BrPIF5、BrCOLs	表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Expression changes affect the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	负调控 Negative regulation	Dong et al.,2016
BrFRL、BrMAF1s	表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Expression changes affect the bolting and flowering of Chinese cabbage	正调控 Positive regulation	Dong et al.,2016
BrPMEI51	果胶甲酯酶抑制子，表达变化影响大白菜抽薹开花 Pectin esterase inhibitor，expression changes affect Chinese cabbage bolting and flowering	负调控 Negative regulation	齐萌,2021

品种名称 Cultivar	育成单位 Breeding organization	主要特性 Main characteristics	适宜生态区 Suitable ecological zone	参考文献 Reference
陕春白1号 Shanchunbai 1	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗软腐病、病毒病和霜霉病 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to soft rot，viral disease，and downy mildew	春保护地栽培和秋季早熟栽培 Spring protected cultivation and early maturing cultivation in autumn	张鲁刚等,2003
冠春 Guanchun	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，高抗霜霉病、软腐病、黑斑病、病毒病和干烧心 Bolting resistance，overlapping，high resistance to downy mildew，soft rot，black spot，viral diseases and tipburn	全国地区均可栽培 Cultivated in all regions of China	张鲁刚等,2005
秦春1号 Qinchun 1	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗病毒病和黑斑病，耐热性好，抗寒性强 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to viral disease and black spot disease，good heat resistance，strong cold resistance	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	史新立和雷国材,2002
秦春2号 Qinchun 2	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，合抱，抗病毒病、霜霉病和根肿病 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and clubroot disease	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	赵利民等,2019a
秦春3号 Qinchun 3	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病，耐根肿病 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and clubroot disease	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	赵利民等,2019b
春冠 Spring crown	山东省农业科学院 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐未熟抽薹，多抗 Resistance to premature bolting，multi resistance	适宜大部分地区春秋栽培 Suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn in most regions	苏学军等,1998
青研春白1号 Qingyan Chunbai 1	青岛市农业科学研究院 Qingdao Agricultural Science Research Institute	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	在山东、山西、陕西、河南、贵州、云南等地均可种植 Can be planted in Shandong，Shanxi，Shaanxi，Henan，Guizhou，Yunnan and other places	杨晓云等,2009
昆白3号 Kunbai 3	昆明学院、昆明市农业科学院 Kunming University，Kunming Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病性较强 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance	适合在云南各地及川东、贵州等地种植 Suitable for planting in various regions of Yunnan，as well as in eastern Sichuan，Guizhou，and other areas	李泸和韩明蓉,2012
双冠王 Shuangguanwang	昆明学院、昆明市农业科学院 Kunming University，Kunming Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病 Resistance to bolting and disease	适宜在云南、贵州、川西等地大面积种植 Suitable for large-scale planting in Yunnan，Guizhou，western Sichuan and other areas	李泸和韩明蓉,2014
黔白5号、黔白8号 Qianbai 5，Qianbai 8	贵州省园艺研究所、威宁县果蔬站、黔南州蔬菜果树中心、贵阳职业技术学院、遵义县乌江农技站、贵州省农业科学院 Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute，Weining County Fruit and Vegetable Station，Qiannan Vegetable and Fruit Tree Center，Guiyang Vocational and Technical College，Wujiang Agricultural Technology Station，Zunyi County，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病性强，抗寒 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，and cold resistance	适于贵州大白菜产区及类似生态区种植 Suitable for planting in Guizhou Chinese cabbage production areas and similar ecological zones	赵大芹等,2013,2014a
黔白10号 Qianbai 10	贵阳市农业试验中心、贵阳职业技术学院、贵州省园艺研究所 Guiyang Agricultural Experimental Center，Guiyang Vocational and Technical College，Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病性强，抗寒 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，and cold resistance	适宜贵州大白菜产区及类似生态区晚秋播种越冬栽培早春上市以及早春栽培春夏上市 Suitable for late autumn sowing，winter cultivation，early spring listing，and early spring cultivation in Guizhou Chinese cabbage production areas and similar ecological zones	赵大芹等,2014b
冬春17号 Dongchun 17	贵州大学、贵阳市农委、威宁县果蔬站 Guizhou University，Guiyang Municipal Agricultural Commission，Weining Fruit and Vegetable Station	耐抽薹，抗逆性强，特别耐湿抗寒，抗多种病害 Bolting resistance，strong stress resistance，especially moisture and cold resistance，and resistance to various diseases	冬春季节栽培的专用品种 Specialized varieties cultivated in winter and spring seasons	万文鹏等,2016
新科翠玉 Xinke Cuiyu	河南省新乡市农业科学院、河南金蕾种苗有限公司 Henan Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Henan Jinlei Seed Co.，Ltd	极耐抽薹，抗霜霉病、病毒病、软腐病，高抗干烧心 Extremely bolting resistance，resistance to downy mildew，viral diseases，and soft rot，high resistance to tipburn	适宜河南、河北、山东、北京等地区春季、秋季种植 Suitable for spring and autumn planting in Henan，Hebei，Shandong，Beijing and other regions	王晓玲等,2021
新科娃一号、新丰 Xinkewa 1，Xinfeng	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Henan Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病抗逆性强 Bolting resistance，strong resistance to disease and stress	适宜河南、河北、山东、北京等地区广泛种植 Suitable for widespread cultivation in Henan，Hebei，Shandong，Beijing and other regions	原连庄等,2018
豫白菜11号 Yubaicai 11	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹性强，叠抱，抗病性强，抗低温 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping，strong disease resistance，resistance to low temperatures	适宜河南省春露地栽培 Suitable for spring open field cultivation in Henan province	栗根义等,1999
京研快菜 4号 Jingyan Kuaicai 4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心、农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in North China，Ministry of Agriculture	耐抽薹，耐湿、抗病 Resistance to bolting，moisture，and disease	适宜北方冬春季保护地及南方越冬栽培 Suitable for winter and spring protected areas in the north and winter cultivation in the south	余阳俊等,2013
京春娃4号 Jingchunwa 4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，叠抱 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping	适宜北京、云南地区春、秋季露地种植，张家口坝上、甘肃、云南等高寒地区夏季露地种植 Suitable for outdoor planting in spring and autumn in Beijing and Yunnan regions，and outdoor planting in summer in high cold areas such as Bashang in Zhangjiakou，Gansu，and Yunnan	余阳俊等,2020
京春黄2号 Jingchunhuang 2	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，抗霜霉病，高抗芜菁花叶病毒和黑腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，resistance to downy mildew，high resistance to turnip mosaic virus and black rot disease	适宜北京、河北、甘肃、云南、湖北等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing，Hebei，Gansu，Yunnan，Hubei and other places	余阳俊等,2015
京春黄3号 Jingchunhuang 3	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，合抱，田间病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、黑腐病和黄萎病发病轻 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing，and mild incidence of field viral diseases，downy mildew，soft rot，black rot，and yellow wilt diseases	适宜北京、山东春季以及云南、甘肃、河北张家口坝上高寒地区夏季种植 Suitable for outdoor planting in spring and autumn in Beijing and Yunnan regions，and outdoor planting in summer in high cold areas such as Bashang in Zhangjiakou，Gansu，and Yunnan	余阳俊等,2021a
京春CR3 Jingchun CR3	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，抗芜菁花叶病毒病、霜霉病 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to turnip mosaic virus and downy mildew diseases	适宜在云南、四川、重庆地区春、秋季露地种植，云南、湖北长阳高寒地区夏季露地种植 Suitable for open field planting in spring and autumn in Yunnan，Sichuan，and Chongqing regions，and open field planting in summer in high cold areas of Changyang，Yunnan and Hubei provinces	余阳俊等,2022
京春12S4 Jingchun 12S4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	适宜北京等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing and other places	余阳俊等,2021b
京春王 Jingchunwang	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京、河北、河南、山东、内蒙等地栽培 Suitable for cultivation in Beijing，Hebei，Henan，Shandong，Inner Mongolia and other places	余阳俊等,1998
京春99、京春绿、京春白、京春黄 Jingchun 99，Jingchunlü，Jingchunbai，Jingchunhuang	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，抗病 Bolting resistance，embracing，disease resistance	适宜北京、河北、山东、内蒙、黑龙江、云南、广东等地栽培 Suitable for cultivation in Beijing，Hebei，Shandong，Inner Mongolia，Heilongjiang，Yunnan，Guangdong and other places	余阳俊等,2003
京春早 Jingchunzao	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing and other places	余阳俊等,2003
冬冠097 Dongguan 097	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心、京研益农（北京）种业科技有限公司 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science、Jingyan Yinong （Beijing）Seed Technology Co.，Ltd	耐抽薹，合抱，抗黑斑病、霜霉病和芜菁花叶病毒病，耐寒 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to black spot disease，downy mildew and turnip mosaic virus disease，resistance to cold	适宜在广东、福建、海南、云南等地区秋冬、春季种植 Suitable for planting in autumn，winter，spring in Guangdong，Fujian，Hainan，Yunnan and other regions	余阳俊等,2024
福春1号、福春2号 Fuchun 1，Fuchun 2	福州市蔬菜科学研究所 Fuzhou Vegetable Science Research Institute	耐抽薹，叠抱 Bolting resistance，overlapping	适宜晚秋或春季栽培 Suitable for cultivation in late autumn or spring	b
石育春宝 Shiyu Chunbao	石家庄市农林科学研究院 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，高抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，embracing，high resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京、河北、黑龙江、云南等地均可种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing，Hebei，Heilongjiang，Yunnan and other places	付雅丽等,2017
春绿1号 Chunlü 1	天津科润蔬菜研究所 Tianjin Kerun Vegetable Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病性强，耐低温 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，resistance to low temperature	适宜春季露地及保护地种植 Suitable for planting in open and protected areas in spring	赵冰等,2005
连白15 Lianbai 15	大连市现代农业生产发展服务中心 Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center	耐抽薹性强，叠抱，高抗霜霉病，抗病毒病和软腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping，high resistance to downy mildew，viral diseases，and soft rot diseases	适宜大连地区秋季露地栽培 Suitable for autumn open field cultivation in Dalian area	侯秀明和刘学东,2023
晋春2号 Jinchun 2	山西省农业科学院 Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病性强 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance	在山西省中南部及全国同生态类型地区均可种植 It can be planted in the central and southern parts of Shanxi province and in areas of the same ecological type nation wide	李改珍等,2013
晋春4号 Jinchun 4	山西农业大学 Shanxi Agricultural University	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	适宜在山西省运城市、晋中市、朔州市以及生态环境相似的大白菜产区春季和秋季栽培 Suitable for spring and autumn cultivation in Yuncheng，Jinzhong，Shuozhou，Shanxi province，as well as in Chinese cabbage production areas with similar ecological environments	齐仙惠等,2024
油靓23 Youliang 23	山西农业大学 Shanxi Agricultural University	耐抽薹，高抗病毒病和霜霉病，抗逆性强 Bolting resistance，high resistance to viral diseases and downy mildew，strong stress resistance	适宜在华北、东北、华中、华南等地区栽培 Suitable for cultivation in North China，Northeast China，Central China，South China and other regions	杨月芳等,2024
胶研春黄一号 Jiaoyan Chunhuang 1	青岛胶研种苗有限公司 Qingdao Jiaoyan Seedling Co.，Ltd	耐抽薹性较强，号高抗病毒病、黑腐病、干烧心，抗霜霉病和软腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，high resistance to viral diseases，black rot，tipburn，and resistance to downy mildew and soft rot diseases	适宜在山东、天津、江苏等地区春秋季种植 Suitable for planting in spring and autumn in Shandong，Tianjin，Jiangsu and other regions	韩书辉等,2023
迷您黄5号 Minihuang 5	云南省农业科学院、国家蔬菜改良中心云南分中心 Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，National Vegetable Improvement Center Yunnan Branch	耐抽薹性强 Strong resistance to bolting	适宜在云南省及相似生态区推广种植 Suitable for promoting planting in Yunnan province and similar ecological zones	徐学忠等,2022
秦白6号 Qinbai 6	陕西省蔬菜花卉研究所 Shaanxi Vegetable and Flower Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑斑病、软腐病，耐热 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，black spot disease，soft rot disease，and heat-resistant	适宜春秋两季种植 Suitable for planting in spring and autumn	柯桂兰等,1999

品种名称 Cultivar	育成单位 Breeding organization	主要特性 Main characteristics	适宜生态区 Suitable ecological zone	参考文献 Reference
陕春白1号 Shanchunbai 1	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗软腐病、病毒病和霜霉病 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to soft rot，viral disease，and downy mildew	春保护地栽培和秋季早熟栽培 Spring protected cultivation and early maturing cultivation in autumn	张鲁刚等,2003
冠春 Guanchun	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，高抗霜霉病、软腐病、黑斑病、病毒病和干烧心 Bolting resistance，overlapping，high resistance to downy mildew，soft rot，black spot，viral diseases and tipburn	全国地区均可栽培 Cultivated in all regions of China	张鲁刚等,2005
秦春1号 Qinchun 1	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗病毒病和黑斑病，耐热性好，抗寒性强 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to viral disease and black spot disease，good heat resistance，strong cold resistance	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	史新立和雷国材,2002
秦春2号 Qinchun 2	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，合抱，抗病毒病、霜霉病和根肿病 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and clubroot disease	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	赵利民等,2019a
秦春3号 Qinchun 3	西北农林科技大学 Northwest A & F University	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病，耐根肿病 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and clubroot disease	适宜在陕西省及全国同类型地区的春大白菜产区和高山越夏蔬菜产区种植 Suitable for planting in spring Chinese cabbage production areas and high-altitude summer vegetable production areas in Shaanxi province and similar regions across the country	赵利民等,2019b
春冠 Spring crown	山东省农业科学院 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐未熟抽薹，多抗 Resistance to premature bolting，multi resistance	适宜大部分地区春秋栽培 Suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn in most regions	苏学军等,1998
青研春白1号 Qingyan Chunbai 1	青岛市农业科学研究院 Qingdao Agricultural Science Research Institute	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	在山东、山西、陕西、河南、贵州、云南等地均可种植 Can be planted in Shandong，Shanxi，Shaanxi，Henan，Guizhou，Yunnan and other places	杨晓云等,2009
昆白3号 Kunbai 3	昆明学院、昆明市农业科学院 Kunming University，Kunming Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病性较强 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance	适合在云南各地及川东、贵州等地种植 Suitable for planting in various regions of Yunnan，as well as in eastern Sichuan，Guizhou，and other areas	李泸和韩明蓉,2012
双冠王 Shuangguanwang	昆明学院、昆明市农业科学院 Kunming University，Kunming Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病 Resistance to bolting and disease	适宜在云南、贵州、川西等地大面积种植 Suitable for large-scale planting in Yunnan，Guizhou，western Sichuan and other areas	李泸和韩明蓉,2014
黔白5号、黔白8号 Qianbai 5，Qianbai 8	贵州省园艺研究所、威宁县果蔬站、黔南州蔬菜果树中心、贵阳职业技术学院、遵义县乌江农技站、贵州省农业科学院 Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute，Weining County Fruit and Vegetable Station，Qiannan Vegetable and Fruit Tree Center，Guiyang Vocational and Technical College，Wujiang Agricultural Technology Station，Zunyi County，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病性强，抗寒 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，and cold resistance	适于贵州大白菜产区及类似生态区种植 Suitable for planting in Guizhou Chinese cabbage production areas and similar ecological zones	赵大芹等,2013,2014a
黔白10号 Qianbai 10	贵阳市农业试验中心、贵阳职业技术学院、贵州省园艺研究所 Guiyang Agricultural Experimental Center，Guiyang Vocational and Technical College，Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病性强，抗寒 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，and cold resistance	适宜贵州大白菜产区及类似生态区晚秋播种越冬栽培早春上市以及早春栽培春夏上市 Suitable for late autumn sowing，winter cultivation，early spring listing，and early spring cultivation in Guizhou Chinese cabbage production areas and similar ecological zones	赵大芹等,2014b
冬春17号 Dongchun 17	贵州大学、贵阳市农委、威宁县果蔬站 Guizhou University，Guiyang Municipal Agricultural Commission，Weining Fruit and Vegetable Station	耐抽薹，抗逆性强，特别耐湿抗寒，抗多种病害 Bolting resistance，strong stress resistance，especially moisture and cold resistance，and resistance to various diseases	冬春季节栽培的专用品种 Specialized varieties cultivated in winter and spring seasons	万文鹏等,2016
新科翠玉 Xinke Cuiyu	河南省新乡市农业科学院、河南金蕾种苗有限公司 Henan Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Henan Jinlei Seed Co.，Ltd	极耐抽薹，抗霜霉病、病毒病、软腐病，高抗干烧心 Extremely bolting resistance，resistance to downy mildew，viral diseases，and soft rot，high resistance to tipburn	适宜河南、河北、山东、北京等地区春季、秋季种植 Suitable for spring and autumn planting in Henan，Hebei，Shandong，Beijing and other regions	王晓玲等,2021
新科娃一号、新丰 Xinkewa 1，Xinfeng	河南省新乡市农业科学院 Henan Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病抗逆性强 Bolting resistance，strong resistance to disease and stress	适宜河南、河北、山东、北京等地区广泛种植 Suitable for widespread cultivation in Henan，Hebei，Shandong，Beijing and other regions	原连庄等,2018
豫白菜11号 Yubaicai 11	河南省农业科学院 Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹性强，叠抱，抗病性强，抗低温 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping，strong disease resistance，resistance to low temperatures	适宜河南省春露地栽培 Suitable for spring open field cultivation in Henan province	栗根义等,1999
京研快菜 4号 Jingyan Kuaicai 4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心、农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in North China，Ministry of Agriculture	耐抽薹，耐湿、抗病 Resistance to bolting，moisture，and disease	适宜北方冬春季保护地及南方越冬栽培 Suitable for winter and spring protected areas in the north and winter cultivation in the south	余阳俊等,2013
京春娃4号 Jingchunwa 4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，叠抱 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping	适宜北京、云南地区春、秋季露地种植，张家口坝上、甘肃、云南等高寒地区夏季露地种植 Suitable for outdoor planting in spring and autumn in Beijing and Yunnan regions，and outdoor planting in summer in high cold areas such as Bashang in Zhangjiakou，Gansu，and Yunnan	余阳俊等,2020
京春黄2号 Jingchunhuang 2	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，抗霜霉病，高抗芜菁花叶病毒和黑腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，resistance to downy mildew，high resistance to turnip mosaic virus and black rot disease	适宜北京、河北、甘肃、云南、湖北等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing，Hebei，Gansu，Yunnan，Hubei and other places	余阳俊等,2015
京春黄3号 Jingchunhuang 3	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，合抱，田间病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、黑腐病和黄萎病发病轻 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing，and mild incidence of field viral diseases，downy mildew，soft rot，black rot，and yellow wilt diseases	适宜北京、山东春季以及云南、甘肃、河北张家口坝上高寒地区夏季种植 Suitable for outdoor planting in spring and autumn in Beijing and Yunnan regions，and outdoor planting in summer in high cold areas such as Bashang in Zhangjiakou，Gansu，and Yunnan	余阳俊等,2021a
京春CR3 Jingchun CR3	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，抗芜菁花叶病毒病、霜霉病 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to turnip mosaic virus and downy mildew diseases	适宜在云南、四川、重庆地区春、秋季露地种植，云南、湖北长阳高寒地区夏季露地种植 Suitable for open field planting in spring and autumn in Yunnan，Sichuan，and Chongqing regions，and open field planting in summer in high cold areas of Changyang，Yunnan and Hubei provinces	余阳俊等,2022
京春12S4 Jingchun 12S4	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	适宜北京等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing and other places	余阳俊等,2021b
京春王 Jingchunwang	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京、河北、河南、山东、内蒙等地栽培 Suitable for cultivation in Beijing，Hebei，Henan，Shandong，Inner Mongolia and other places	余阳俊等,1998
京春99、京春绿、京春白、京春黄 Jingchun 99，Jingchunlü，Jingchunbai，Jingchunhuang	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，抗病 Bolting resistance，embracing，disease resistance	适宜北京、河北、山东、内蒙、黑龙江、云南、广东等地栽培 Suitable for cultivation in Beijing，Hebei，Shandong，Inner Mongolia，Heilongjiang，Yunnan，Guangdong and other places	余阳俊等,2003
京春早 Jingchunzao	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，叠抱，抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，overlapping，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京等地种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing and other places	余阳俊等,2003
冬冠097 Dongguan 097	北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心、京研益农（北京）种业科技有限公司 Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science、Jingyan Yinong （Beijing）Seed Technology Co.，Ltd	耐抽薹，合抱，抗黑斑病、霜霉病和芜菁花叶病毒病，耐寒 Bolting resistance，embracing，resistance to black spot disease，downy mildew and turnip mosaic virus disease，resistance to cold	适宜在广东、福建、海南、云南等地区秋冬、春季种植 Suitable for planting in autumn，winter，spring in Guangdong，Fujian，Hainan，Yunnan and other regions	余阳俊等,2024
福春1号、福春2号 Fuchun 1，Fuchun 2	福州市蔬菜科学研究所 Fuzhou Vegetable Science Research Institute	耐抽薹，叠抱 Bolting resistance，overlapping	适宜晚秋或春季栽培 Suitable for cultivation in late autumn or spring	b
石育春宝 Shiyu Chunbao	石家庄市农林科学研究院 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences	耐抽薹，合抱，高抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病 Bolting resistance，embracing，high resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，and soft rot diseases	适宜北京、河北、黑龙江、云南等地均可种植 Suitable for planting in Beijing，Hebei，Heilongjiang，Yunnan and other places	付雅丽等,2017
春绿1号 Chunlü 1	天津科润蔬菜研究所 Tianjin Kerun Vegetable Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病性强，耐低温 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance，resistance to low temperature	适宜春季露地及保护地种植 Suitable for planting in open and protected areas in spring	赵冰等,2005
连白15 Lianbai 15	大连市现代农业生产发展服务中心 Dalian Modern Agricultural Production Development Service Center	耐抽薹性强，叠抱，高抗霜霉病，抗病毒病和软腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，overlapping，high resistance to downy mildew，viral diseases，and soft rot diseases	适宜大连地区秋季露地栽培 Suitable for autumn open field cultivation in Dalian area	侯秀明和刘学东,2023
晋春2号 Jinchun 2	山西省农业科学院 Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	耐抽薹、抗病性强 Bolting resistance，strong disease resistance	在山西省中南部及全国同生态类型地区均可种植 It can be planted in the central and southern parts of Shanxi province and in areas of the same ecological type nation wide	李改珍等,2013
晋春4号 Jinchun 4	山西农业大学 Shanxi Agricultural University	耐抽薹性强，合抱 Strong resistance to bolting，embracing	适宜在山西省运城市、晋中市、朔州市以及生态环境相似的大白菜产区春季和秋季栽培 Suitable for spring and autumn cultivation in Yuncheng，Jinzhong，Shuozhou，Shanxi province，as well as in Chinese cabbage production areas with similar ecological environments	齐仙惠等,2024
油靓23 Youliang 23	山西农业大学 Shanxi Agricultural University	耐抽薹，高抗病毒病和霜霉病，抗逆性强 Bolting resistance，high resistance to viral diseases and downy mildew，strong stress resistance	适宜在华北、东北、华中、华南等地区栽培 Suitable for cultivation in North China，Northeast China，Central China，South China and other regions	杨月芳等,2024
胶研春黄一号 Jiaoyan Chunhuang 1	青岛胶研种苗有限公司 Qingdao Jiaoyan Seedling Co.，Ltd	耐抽薹性较强，号高抗病毒病、黑腐病、干烧心，抗霜霉病和软腐病 Strong resistance to bolting，high resistance to viral diseases，black rot，tipburn，and resistance to downy mildew and soft rot diseases	适宜在山东、天津、江苏等地区春秋季种植 Suitable for planting in spring and autumn in Shandong，Tianjin，Jiangsu and other regions	韩书辉等,2023
迷您黄5号 Minihuang 5	云南省农业科学院、国家蔬菜改良中心云南分中心 Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，National Vegetable Improvement Center Yunnan Branch	耐抽薹性强 Strong resistance to bolting	适宜在云南省及相似生态区推广种植 Suitable for promoting planting in Yunnan province and similar ecological zones	徐学忠等,2022
秦白6号 Qinbai 6	陕西省蔬菜花卉研究所 Shaanxi Vegetable and Flower Research Institute	耐抽薹，抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑斑病、软腐病，耐热 Bolting resistance，resistance to viral diseases，downy mildew，black spot disease，soft rot disease，and heat-resistant	适宜春秋两季种植 Suitable for planting in spring and autumn	柯桂兰等,1999