分蘖洋葱伴生番茄诱导的根际微生物对根结线虫病的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0306

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术以及植物—土壤反馈方法，探究了分蘖洋葱伴生番茄诱导的根际微生物对其根结线虫病发生、土壤微生物群落结构以及诱导抗性的影响。结果表明，分蘖洋葱伴生的番茄根际微生物显著降低了番茄根结线虫的病情指数、根结数和根结指数，显著提高了对根结线虫卵孵化的抑制率和二龄幼虫的致死率。在根结线虫胁迫下，伴生增加了番茄根际潜在有益菌群芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属的相对丰度。同时，伴生改变的番茄根际微生物通过提高抗性相关基因表达、防御酶活性和茉莉酸类物质含量增强了番茄的系统抗性。因此，分蘖洋葱伴生改变的番茄根际微生物组除对根结线虫具有直接抑杀作用外，还通过对番茄产生诱导抗性提高其对根结线虫的抗病能力。

关键词: 番茄, 根结线虫, 分蘖洋葱, 伴生, 根际微生物, 诱导系统抗性

Abstract:

High-throughput sequencing and plant-soil feedback were used in this study，the effect of potato-onion companion induced tomato rhizosphere microorganisms on the tomato toot-knot nematode disease，soil microbial community structure and induced resistance were studied. The results showed that potato-onion companion induce the tomato rhizosphere microorganisms to decreased the tomato disease index，root-knot number and root-knot index and increased the Meloidogyne incognita egg hatching and the lethality rate. Under root-knot nematode stress，the Bacillus and Pseudomonas relative abundance were increased in tomato rhizosphere. Meanwhile，potato-onion companion changes tomato rhizosphere microbes enhanced systemic resistance by increasing expression of resistance-related genes，defense enzyme activity and JAs activity. In conclusion，potato-onion companion with tomato changed tomato rhizosphere microorganisms not only has direct inhibition effect on root-knot nematode，but also enhances resistance to root-knot nematode by inducing resistance.

Key words: tomato, root-knot nematodes, potato-onion, companion, rhizosphere microorganisms, induce systemic resistance

龚小雅, 李贤, 周新刚, 吴凤芝. 分蘖洋葱伴生番茄诱导的根际微生物对根结线虫病的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(8): 1913-1926.

GONG Xiaoya, LI Xian, ZHOU Xingang, WU Fengzhi. Effect of Rhizosphere Microorganisms Induced by Potato-Onion on Tomato Root-Knot Nematode Disease[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1913-1926.

图/表 7

表1 qRT-PCR分析的基因及引物序列

Table 1 Genes and primers sequence used in qRT-PCR analysis

基因 Gene	上游引物（5′-3′） Upstream primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Downstream primer
MPK1	GCTGACAGATTGTTGCAGGT	TCCACCCCATAAAGATACATCA
MPK2	TACTCGCTCGTTTGCTGTTG	TTGGAGTACAGGAAAACAATGG
LOX	TGTGCCACTGGTAACTGGAT	TCCAAGCTTGCATGTGTACG

图1 分蘖洋葱伴生诱导的番茄根际土壤微生物对番茄根结线虫病的影响不同小写字母表示表示处理间的统计学差异，P < 0.05。下同。

Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of rhizosphere microflora transplantation experiment and the occurrence of tomato root-knot nematode disease Different letters are significantly different at 0.05 level. The same below.

图2 分蘖洋葱伴生番茄根际土壤悬浮液对番茄根结线虫卵孵化抑制率和二龄幼虫致死率的影响

Fig. 2 The effect of suspension of rhizosphere soil of tomato companion cropping with potato-onion on the hatching rate of RKN eggs and toxicity of RKNs

图3 接种根结线虫的单作和分蘖洋葱伴生的番茄根际土壤中的细菌群落 A：α多样性；B：β多样性的PCoA分析；C：细菌门柱状堆积图；D：丰度前30中有显著差异的菌属。

Fig. 3 Bacterial communities in monoculture and potato-onion companion with tomato rhizosphere soils inoculated root-knot nematode A：The α-diversity；B：PCoA analysis of β-diversity；C：The histogram of bacterial phylum；D：The top 30 bacterial showed significant differences.

图4 接种根结线虫的单作分蘖洋葱伴生的番茄根际土壤细菌OUT丰度 A：火山图显示了富集和降低的OTU；B：曼哈顿图显示了富集的OTU的分类学信息。 *代表在P < 0.05水平有显著差异，**代表在P < 0.01水平有显著差异。

Fig. 4 Difference of bacterial community composition in rhizosphere of tomato inoculated with root-knot nematodes A：Volcano plot showing OTUs enriched or depleted in the companion tomato was inoculated with root-knot nematode. B：The Manhattan plot shows the taxonomic information of OTUs enriched in the companion tomato was inoculated with root-knot nematode. * represents a significant difference at the P < 0.05 level，** represents a significant difference at the P < 0.01 level.

图5 接种根结线虫的单作和分蘖洋葱伴生的番茄根际土壤中的真菌群落 A：α多样性；B：β多样性；C：真菌门柱状堆积图；D：丰度前30中有显著差异的菌属。

Fig. 5 Fungal communities in monoculture and potato-onion companion with tomato rhizosphere soils inoculated root-knot nematode A：The α-diversity；B：The β-diversity；C：Histogram of phylum fungi；D：The top 30 fungi showed significant differences.

图6 分蘖洋葱伴生诱导的番茄根际微生物对番茄系统抗性的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of associated-induced rhizosphere microorganisms on systemic resistance in tomato

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