转录—代谢联合分析‘贵妃’杧果腋芽转化花芽中的淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0603

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘除杧果顶部花序可促进腋芽向花芽转化，推迟植株开花时间，从而避免“倒春寒”的危害。测定摘除‘贵妃’杧果顶部花芽后腋芽分化为花芽期间的转录组和代谢组数据，联合分析腋芽发育过程中淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径的差异基因和差异代谢物，明确其时空动态变化和表达模式。结果显示：在腋芽转化花芽阶段，共筛选出淀粉与蔗糖代谢相关差异基因76个，涉及17种酶；共鉴定出5种差异代谢物；摘除顶花芽后SUS（LOC123200616）、FRK（LOC123221640）、TPP（LOC123202828）表达上调；AMY（LOC123229947）下调，4个基因的表达趋势与转录组分析一致。以上结果表明：花芽分化对于糖的转化利用具有种类偏向性，主要依赖蔗糖和葡萄糖-6-磷酸的转化利用；D-果糖和α,α-海藻糖在特定时期能诱导成花。提示控制腋芽不同糖类的比例有利于调控杧果花期。

关键词: 杧果, 腋芽, 淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径, 转录组, 代谢组

Abstract:

Removal of apical inflorescences in mango can promote the transformation of axillary buds to flower buds and delay the flowering time of plants，thus avoiding the damage of“late spring coldness”. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data were measured during the differentiation of axillary buds into flower buds after removal of apical flower buds in‘Guifei’mango，and differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites of starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during axillary bud development were jointly analyzed to clarify their temporal and spatial dynamic changes and expression patterns. The results showed that a total of 76 differentially expressed genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism，involving 17 enzymes，and five differential metabolites were identified during the transformation of axillary buds into flower buds；the expression of SUS（LOC123200616），FRK（LOC123221640），and TPP （LOC123202828）was up-regulated after the apical flower buds were removed；the expression of AMY （LOC123229947）was down-regulated，and the expression trends of the four genes were consistent with the transcriptome analysis. The above results suggested that flower bud differentiation is species-biased for the conversion and utilization of sugars，and mainly relies on the conversion and utilization of sucrose and glucose-6-phosphate；D-fructose and α,α-Trehalose can induce flower formation at specific periods. It is suggested that controlling the ratio of different sugars in axillary buds is beneficial to regulate the flowering period of mango.

Key words: mango, axillary bud, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, transcriptome, metabolome

杨春梅, 于洋, 丁雨格, 夏京, 周玲, 彭磊. 转录—代谢联合分析‘贵妃’杧果腋芽转化花芽中的淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1412-1426.

YANG Chunmei, YU Yang, DING Yuge, XIA Jing, ZHOU Ling, and PENG Lei. Joint Transcription-Metabolism Analysis of Starch and Sucrose Metabolic Pathways in the Transformation of Axillary Buds into Flower Buds of ‘Guifei’Mango[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1412-1426.

图/表 9

图1 杧果顶花芽摘除处理前后的对比

Fig. 1 Comparison between before and after treatment of flower bud removal in the top of mango

表1 荧光定量 PCR分析淀粉与蔗糖代谢相关基因表达量的引物

Table 1 Primers for qRT- PCR analysis of the expression of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism

基因ID Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence
基因ID Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	F	R
LOC123200616	SUS	CACACTGCTTTCACGCTTCC	CGGCGTGGAAAGATTTGAGC
LOC123221640	FRK	TGGTGAGCGTGAGTTCATGT	TCTGCCATGTCCCAAATGCT
LOC123202828	TPP	CACCCCGTCCAACTCTTCTC	GCATTGGCTTTGGTTCCTCC
LOC123229947	AMY	AAAGGCTATGCCCCAAGTGT	ATCTCCACAACTCCCCTTGC
内参 Reference	Actin	ATCGCTGAGCACCTTCCAACA	CCAATCCTGACCTCTGACACTTCT

表2 杧果腋芽转化花芽不同时期转录组测序数据评估统计结果

Table 2 Statistical results of transcriptome sequencing data evaluation at different periods of axillary bud conversion to flower bud in mango

样本 Sample	有效读数 Clean reads	总匹配数（匹配率） Total mapped	多匹配数（匹配率） Multiple mapped	单一匹配数（匹配率） Uniquely mapped	碱基质量值/% Q30
CKE_1	40 132 108	35 567 452（88.63%）	1 747 958（4.91%）	33 819 494（95.09%）	94.40
CKE_2	39 276 406	35 205 966（89.64%）	1 716 699（4.88%）	33 489 267（95.12%）	94.93
CKE_3	40 485 362	35 292 583（87.17%）	1 699 743（4.82%）	33 592 840（95.18%）	93.70
CKM_1	41 383 850	37 761 770（91.25%）	1 925 421（5.10%）	35 836 349（94.90%）	94.40
CKM_2	40 886 828	36 798 478（90.00%）	1 883 395（5.12%）	34 915 083（94.88%）	93.91
CKM_3	42 596 182	38 891 243（91.30%）	1 974 166（5.08%）	36 917 077（94.92%）	93.94
CKL_1	40 993 586	37 515 798（91.52%）	1 894 802（5.05%）	35 620 996（94.95%）	94.88
CKL_2	39 666 702	35 645 715（89.86%）	1 786 823（5.01%）	33 858 892（94.99%）	94.53
CKL_3	39 900 316	36 084 139（90.44%）	1 815 659（5.03%）	34 268 480（94.97%）	94.38
TE_1	36 933 854	33 811 385（91.55%）	1 655 842（4.90%）	32 155 543（95.10%）	94.57
TE_2	45 905 974	42 436 755（92.44%）	2 037 917（4.80%）	40 398 838（95.20%）	94.55
TE_3	38 386 464	34 936 793（91.01%）	1 746 121（5.00%）	33 190 672（95.00%）	94.84
TM_1	41 574 728	38 301 057（92.13%）	1 898 306（4.96%）	36 402 751（95.04%）	94.04
TM_2	38 726 364	36 138 605（93.32%）	1 768 620（4.89%）	34 369 985（95.11%）	94.88
TM_3	42 622 328	39 917 068（93.65%）	1 941 548（4.86%）	37 975 520（95.14%）	93.63
TL_1	41 846 734	38 980 907（93.15%）	1 921 047（4.93%）	37 059 860（95.07%）	94.43
TL_2	42 676 458	39 983 610（93.69%）	1 881 440（4.71%）	38 102 170（95.29%）	93.98
TL_3	45 793 468	42 863 554（93.60%）	2 052 569（4.79%）	40 810 985（95.21%）	93.84

表2 杧果腋芽转化花芽不同时期转录组测序数据评估统计结果

Table 2 Statistical results of transcriptome sequencing data evaluation at different periods of axillary bud conversion to flower bud in mango

样本 Sample	有效读数 Clean reads	总匹配数（匹配率） Total mapped	多匹配数（匹配率） Multiple mapped	单一匹配数（匹配率） Uniquely mapped	碱基质量值/% Q30
CKE_1	40 132 108	35 567 452（88.63%）	1 747 958（4.91%）	33 819 494（95.09%）	94.40
CKE_2	39 276 406	35 205 966（89.64%）	1 716 699（4.88%）	33 489 267（95.12%）	94.93
CKE_3	40 485 362	35 292 583（87.17%）	1 699 743（4.82%）	33 592 840（95.18%）	93.70
CKM_1	41 383 850	37 761 770（91.25%）	1 925 421（5.10%）	35 836 349（94.90%）	94.40
CKM_2	40 886 828	36 798 478（90.00%）	1 883 395（5.12%）	34 915 083（94.88%）	93.91
CKM_3	42 596 182	38 891 243（91.30%）	1 974 166（5.08%）	36 917 077（94.92%）	93.94
CKL_1	40 993 586	37 515 798（91.52%）	1 894 802（5.05%）	35 620 996（94.95%）	94.88
CKL_2	39 666 702	35 645 715（89.86%）	1 786 823（5.01%）	33 858 892（94.99%）	94.53
CKL_3	39 900 316	36 084 139（90.44%）	1 815 659（5.03%）	34 268 480（94.97%）	94.38
TE_1	36 933 854	33 811 385（91.55%）	1 655 842（4.90%）	32 155 543（95.10%）	94.57
TE_2	45 905 974	42 436 755（92.44%）	2 037 917（4.80%）	40 398 838（95.20%）	94.55
TE_3	38 386 464	34 936 793（91.01%）	1 746 121（5.00%）	33 190 672（95.00%）	94.84
TM_1	41 574 728	38 301 057（92.13%）	1 898 306（4.96%）	36 402 751（95.04%）	94.04
TM_2	38 726 364	36 138 605（93.32%）	1 768 620（4.89%）	34 369 985（95.11%）	94.88
TM_3	42 622 328	39 917 068（93.65%）	1 941 548（4.86%）	37 975 520（95.14%）	93.63
TL_1	41 846 734	38 980 907（93.15%）	1 921 047（4.93%）	37 059 860（95.07%）	94.43
TL_2	42 676 458	39 983 610（93.69%）	1 881 440（4.71%）	38 102 170（95.29%）	93.98
TL_3	45 793 468	42 863 554（93.60%）	2 052 569（4.79%）	40 810 985（95.21%）	93.84

图2 杧果腋芽转化花芽3个时期的差异表达基因统计 CK：对照；T：摘除顶花芽处理。E、M、L：对应腋芽转变为花芽前期、中期和后期。下同

Fig.2 Statistics of differentially expressed genes at three stages of axillary bud conversion to flower bud in mango CK：Control；T：Treatment with removal of apical flower buds. E，M，L：Corresponding to the early，middle and late stages of axillary bud transformation into flower buds. The same below

图3 杧果摘除顶花芽后腋芽转化花芽中差异表达基因KEGG pathway富集分析

Fig. 3 Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway for differentially expressed genes in axillary bud transformed flower buds after apical bud removal in mango

图4 淀粉与蔗糖代谢相关酶基因个数

Fig. 4 Number of genes for enzymes related to starch and sucrose metabolism

图 5 淀粉与蔗糖代谢转录组和代谢组联合分析 CK1、CK2、CK3对应CKE、CKM、CKL；T1、T2、T3对应TE、TM、TL。蔗糖合酶（SUS）；蔗糖转化酶（INV）；内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（β-1,3-GLU）；内切葡聚糖酶（EG）；葡萄糖-1-磷酸腺苷转移酶（AGPS1）；海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶（TPS）；海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶（TPP）；颗粒结合淀粉合酶Ⅰ（CBSSⅠ）；颗粒结合淀粉合酶Ⅱ（CBSSⅡ）；果糖激酶（KHK）；叶绿体异淀粉酶Ⅲ（ISA3）；α-淀粉酶（AMY）；β-淀粉酶（BMY）；α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-GLU）；β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-GLU）；葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（PGM）；糖原磷酸化酶（GP）

Fig. 5 Joint analysis of starch and sucrose metabolism in transcriptome and metabolome CK1，CK2，and CK3 correspond to CKE，CKM，and CKL；T1，T2，and T3 correspond to TE，TM，and TL.Sucrose synthase（SUS）；β-fructofuranosidase（INV）；Endo-1,3-β-glucanase（β-1,3-GLU）；Endo-1,4-β-D-glucanohydrolase（EG）；Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase（AGPS1）；Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase（TPS）；Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase（TPP）；Granule-bound starch synthase Ⅰ（CBSSⅠ）；Granule-bound starch synthase Ⅱ（CBSSⅡ）；Fructokinase（KHK）；Isoamylase Ⅲ，chloroplastic（ISA3）；α-amylase（AMY）；β-amylase（BMY）；α-glucosidase（α-GLU）；β-glucosidase（β-GLU）；Phosphoglucomutase（PGM）；Glycogen phosphorylase（GP）

表3 杧果腋芽转化花芽不同时期淀粉与蔗糖代谢中的差异代谢物表达

Table 3 Differential metabolite expression in starch and sucrose metabolism during different periods of axillary bud conversion to flower bud in mango

代谢物 Metabolite	ID	组别 Group	相对含量 Relative content		表达 Expressions	VIP	P值P value
代谢物 Metabolite	ID	组别 Group	CK	T	表达 Expressions	VIP	P值P value
D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸 D-glucose-6P	M259T80	CKE vs. TE	1.13E + 07	2.23E + 07	上调Up	1.480151	0.025974026
		CKM vs. TM	1.33E + 07	2.72E + 07		1.824720	0.004329004
		CKL vs. TL	2.06E + 07	3.47E + 07		1.588965	0.004329004
α,α-海藻糖 α,α-trehalose	M323T94	CKE vs. TE	4.33E + 06	8.08E + 06	上调Up	1.825478	0.015151515
α,α-海藻糖 α,α-trehalose	M323T94	CKL vs. TL	6.14E + 06	9.95E + 06	上调Up	1.318241	0.025974026
D-果糖 D-fructose	M179T164	CKM vs. TM	6.09E + 07	1.26E + 08	上调Up	1.441231	0.002164502
蔗糖 Sucrose	M341T272	CKE vs. TE	1.98E + 07	1.13E + 07	下调Down	1.651202	0.015151515
		CKM vs. TM	2.24E + 07	7.81E + 06		1.694633	0.002164502
		CKL vs. TL	2.07E + 07	8.99E + 06		1.683897	0.002164502
蔗糖6’-磷酸Sucrose-6P	M423T97	CKE vs. TE	1.76E + 07	1.21E + 07	下调Down	1.915860	0.008658009

图 6 qPT-PCR验证4个差异基因在对照和处理的不同时期中的表达显著性差异分析采用LSD多重比较，不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 6 qPT-PCR to verify the expression of four differentially expressed genes in different periods of control and treatment Significant difference analysis was conducted using LSD multiple comparisons，with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）

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