叶面喷施纳米硒对猕猴桃果实氨基酸含量及代谢组的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0541

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨纳米硒对猕猴桃氨基酸营养成分的影响及机制，以‘徐香’猕猴桃为试材，采用0、10、15、20和25 mg · L^-1纳米硒进行叶面喷施，测定氨基酸含量的变化，并对猕猴桃果实进行代谢组测序。结果发现：15 mg · L^-1纳米硒喷施后苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸等氨基酸含量显著升高，鲜味氨基酸占比提升。非靶向代谢组学共鉴定出12 861种代谢物，通过KEGG、HMDB数据库，进一步分析了成熟猕猴桃果实中脂质和类脂质分子、苯丙烷和聚酮、有机氧化合物的生物合成和代谢，主要富集在氨基酸代谢、次生代谢产物、萜类化合物和聚酮代谢等代谢途径。纳米硒可能通过刺激次级代谢水平提高猕猴桃果实氨基酸含量。

关键词: 猕猴桃, 纳米硒, 氨基酸, 营养评价, 代谢组学

Abstract:

To explore the effects and mechanisms of nano-selenium on the amino acid nutritional components of kiwifruit，‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit was used as the experimental material，with foliar spraying of nano-selenium at concentrations of 0，10，15，20，and 25 mg · L^-1. The changes in amino acid content were measured，and metabolomics sequencing of kiwifruit was performed. The results showed that after foliar spraying with 15 mg · L^-1 nano-selenium，the content of threonine，valine，isoleucine，leucine，phenylalanine，and other amino acids significantly increased，with a higher proportion of umami amino acids. A non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 12 861 metabolites. Through KEGG and HMDB databases，the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipophilic molecules，phenylpropanoids，polyketides，and organic oxygen compounds in mature kiwifruit were further analyzed. The metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism，secondary metabolites，terpenoid compounds，and polyketide metabolism. Nano-selenium may increase the amino acid content in kiwifruit by stimulating secondary metabolic levels.

Key words: kiwifruit, nano-selenium, amino acids, nutritional evaluation, metabolomics

刘亚男, 鲍丹丹, 张四普, 牛佳佳, 许志飞, 杨永锋, 鲁云风. 叶面喷施纳米硒对猕猴桃果实氨基酸含量及代谢组的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1575-1587.

LIU Yanan, BAO Dandan, ZHANG Sipu, NIU Jiajia, XU Zhifei, YANG Yongfeng, and LU Yunfeng. Effects of Foliar Spraying of Nano-selenium on Amino Acid Content and Metabolome of Kiwifruit[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1575-1587.

图/表 11

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纳米硒/（mg · L^-1） Nano-selenium	苏氨酸Thr	缬氨酸Val	蛋氨酸Met	异亮氨酸Ile	亮氨酸Leu	苯丙氨酸Phe	赖氨酸Lys
0（对照Control）	0.53 ± 0.01 b	0.51 ± 0 b	0.14 ± 0.01 ab	0.47 ± 0.02 b	0.54 ± 0.01 b	0.42 ± 0 b	0.61 ± 0.01 b
10	0.48 ± 0.02 c	0.48 ± 0.01 b	0.13 ± 0.01 bc	0.44 ± 0 c	0.50 ± 0 d	0.39 ± 0 c	0.55 ± 0.01 d
15	0.55 ± 0 a	0.59 ± 0.03 a	0.15 ± 0 a	0.52 ± 0.02 a	0.60 ± 0.01 a	0.47 ± 0 a	0.67 ± 0.02 a
20	0.52 ± 0.01 b	0.50 ± 0 b	0.14 ± 0 ab	0.46 ± 0 bc	0.52 ± 0.01 c	0.42 ± 0.02 b	0.58 ± 0.01 c
25	0.43 ± 0.01 d	0.44 ± 0 c	0.12 ± 0 c	0.40 ± 0 d	0.45 ± 0.01 e	0.36 ± 0.01 d	0.50 ± 0 e
平均Average	0.50	0.50	0.14	0.46	0.52	0.41	0.58

纳米硒/（mg · L^-1） Nano-selenium	苏氨酸Thr	缬氨酸Val	蛋氨酸Met	异亮氨酸Ile	亮氨酸Leu	苯丙氨酸Phe	赖氨酸Lys
0（对照Control）	0.53 ± 0.01 b	0.51 ± 0 b	0.14 ± 0.01 ab	0.47 ± 0.02 b	0.54 ± 0.01 b	0.42 ± 0 b	0.61 ± 0.01 b
10	0.48 ± 0.02 c	0.48 ± 0.01 b	0.13 ± 0.01 bc	0.44 ± 0 c	0.50 ± 0 d	0.39 ± 0 c	0.55 ± 0.01 d
15	0.55 ± 0 a	0.59 ± 0.03 a	0.15 ± 0 a	0.52 ± 0.02 a	0.60 ± 0.01 a	0.47 ± 0 a	0.67 ± 0.02 a
20	0.52 ± 0.01 b	0.50 ± 0 b	0.14 ± 0 ab	0.46 ± 0 bc	0.52 ± 0.01 c	0.42 ± 0.02 b	0.58 ± 0.01 c
25	0.43 ± 0.01 d	0.44 ± 0 c	0.12 ± 0 c	0.40 ± 0 d	0.45 ± 0.01 e	0.36 ± 0.01 d	0.50 ± 0 e
平均Average	0.50	0.50	0.14	0.46	0.52	0.41	0.58

纳米硒/ （mg · L^-1） Nano-selenium	天冬氨酸 Asp	丝氨酸 Ser	谷氨酸 Glu	甘氨酸 Gly	丙氨酸 Ala	酪氨酸 Tyr	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg	脯氨酸 Pro
0（对照Control）	1.03 ± 0.02 b	0.46 ± 0.01 ab	1.70 ± 0.01 b	0.53 ± 0 b	0.46 ± 0 b	0.36 ± 0 b	0.23 ± 0 ab	0.55 ± 0 b	0.37 ± 0.01 b
10	0.98 ± 0.02 c	0.42 ± 0.03 c	1.63 ± 0.03 c	0.48 ± 0.01 c	0.41 ± 0.02 d	0.33 ± 0.01 c	0.22 ± 0.01 bc	0.62 ± 0.10 b	0.33 ± 0.01 d
15	1.12 ± 0.03 a	0.49 ± 0 a	1.94 ± 0.03 a	0.56 ± 0.01 a	0.48 ± 0.01 a	0.40 ± 0.01 a	0.26 ± 0.01 a	0.85 ± 0.02 a	0.38 ± 0.01 a
20	1.02 ± 0.03 bc	0.45 ± 0 bc	1.63 ± 0 c	0.52 ± 0.01 b	0.43 ± 0 c	0.36 ± 0.01 b	0.24 ± 0 ab	0.54 ± 0 bc	0.35 ± 0 c
25	0.86 ± 0.01 d	0.38 ± 0.03 d	1.40 ± 0 d	0.44 ± 0.04 d	0.38 ± 0 e	0.30 ± 0.02 d	0.20 ± 0.03 c	0.45 ± 0.01 c	0.30 ± 0 e
平均Average	1.00	0.44	1.66	0.51	0.43	0.35	0.23	0.60	0.35

纳米硒/ （mg · L^-1） Nano-selenium	天冬氨酸 Asp	丝氨酸 Ser	谷氨酸 Glu	甘氨酸 Gly	丙氨酸 Ala	酪氨酸 Tyr	组氨酸 His	精氨酸 Arg	脯氨酸 Pro
0（对照Control）	1.03 ± 0.02 b	0.46 ± 0.01 ab	1.70 ± 0.01 b	0.53 ± 0 b	0.46 ± 0 b	0.36 ± 0 b	0.23 ± 0 ab	0.55 ± 0 b	0.37 ± 0.01 b
10	0.98 ± 0.02 c	0.42 ± 0.03 c	1.63 ± 0.03 c	0.48 ± 0.01 c	0.41 ± 0.02 d	0.33 ± 0.01 c	0.22 ± 0.01 bc	0.62 ± 0.10 b	0.33 ± 0.01 d
15	1.12 ± 0.03 a	0.49 ± 0 a	1.94 ± 0.03 a	0.56 ± 0.01 a	0.48 ± 0.01 a	0.40 ± 0.01 a	0.26 ± 0.01 a	0.85 ± 0.02 a	0.38 ± 0.01 a
20	1.02 ± 0.03 bc	0.45 ± 0 bc	1.63 ± 0 c	0.52 ± 0.01 b	0.43 ± 0 c	0.36 ± 0.01 b	0.24 ± 0 ab	0.54 ± 0 bc	0.35 ± 0 c
25	0.86 ± 0.01 d	0.38 ± 0.03 d	1.40 ± 0 d	0.44 ± 0.04 d	0.38 ± 0 e	0.30 ± 0.02 d	0.20 ± 0.03 c	0.45 ± 0.01 c	0.30 ± 0 e
平均Average	1.00	0.44	1.66	0.51	0.43	0.35	0.23	0.60	0.35

纳米硒/（mg · L^-1） Nano-selenium	氨基酸总量（T） Total amino acid	必需氨基酸（E） Essential amino acid	非必需氨基酸（N） Non-essential amino acid	E/N%	E/T%
0（对照Control）	8.91 ± 0.02 b	3.23	5.69	56.70	36.18
10	8.40 ± 0.08 d	2.97	5.43	54.76	35.38
15	10.03 ± 0.07 a	3.55	6.49	54.68	35.35
20	8.70 ± 0.01 c	3.15	5.55	56.68	36.18
25	7.41 ± 0.04 e	2.70	4.71	57.30	36.43
平均Average	8.69	3.12	5.57	56.02	35.90