酿酒葡萄‘梅乐’植株和土壤营养水平与果实品质的关联性分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0563

园艺学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2575-2593.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0563

酿酒葡萄‘梅乐’植株和土壤营养水平与果实品质的关联性分析

王小龙¹^,^*, 邵学东²^,^*, 张正文², 钟晓敏², 刘畅¹, 王志强¹, 王宝亮¹, 冀晓昊¹, 史祥宾¹, 王海波¹^,^**()

¹ 中国农业科学院果树研究所，农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室，辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室，辽宁兴城 125100
² 君顶酒庄有限公司，山东蓬莱 265600

收稿日期:2024-06-25 修回日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2024-12-12 发布日期:2024-11-25
通讯作者:
^** E-mail：haibo8316@163.com
作者简介:
* 共同第一作者
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(nycytx-30-zp); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04)

Correlation Analysis of Fruit Quality and the Nutrient Level in Plant and Soil of Wine Grape‘Merlot’

WANG Xiaolong¹, SHAO Xuedong², ZHANG Zhengwen², ZHONG Xiaomin², LIU Chang¹, WANG Zhiqiang¹, WANG Baoliang¹, JI Xiaohao¹, SHI Xiangbin¹, WANG Haibo¹^,^**()

¹ Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree，Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xingcheng，Liaoning 125100，China
² Junding Winery Co. Ltd.，Penglai，Shandong 265600，China

Received:2024-06-25 Revised:2024-08-16 Published:2024-12-12 Online:2024-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以山东烟台产区‘梅乐’酿酒葡萄为试材，于2019—2021年结合正交设计L₁₆（4⁵）‘5416’配方施肥方案，利用主成分分析法（PCA）对各施肥处理成熟期果实的百粒质量、可溶性固形物、皮果比、籽果比、籽粒数、果皮和种子（皮/籽）总酚、皮花色苷、皮/籽总黄酮、皮/籽黄烷醇、皮/籽单宁等14个品质指标进行综合评价。PCA结果表明，T11处理（N 124.5 kg · hm^-2、P₂O₅ 46.5 kg · hm^-2、K₂O 0 kg · hm^-2、CaO 56.3 kg · hm^-2和MgO 69.8 kg · hm^-2）对提高‘梅乐’葡萄综合品质的效果较为明显。利用相关性分析法，确定萌芽期0 ~ 40 cm土壤N、K、Mg和成熟期P、Ca含量为花色苷的土壤营养诊断因子，确定转色期叶柄N，盛花期花序P、Zn、B，盛花期叶片K、Mo，转色期叶片Ca、Fe和Mn，成熟期叶柄Mg，成熟期果实Cu含量为花色苷的植株营养诊断因子。利用组分营养诊断法（CND）建立诊断因子与花色苷的函数模型，最终制定高花色苷葡萄园（即高质葡萄园）土壤和植株的营养诊断标准：高质园（土壤元素含量累积方差所对应的花色苷归一化值 > 0.6372，即拐点值）的土壤营养诊断标准为N 0.06 ~ 0.21 mg · g^-1、P 0.08 ~ 1.17 mg · g^-1、K 0.05 ~ 0.23 mg · g^-1、Ca 0.52 ~ 8.51 mg · g^-1和Mg 0.04 ~ 0.65 mg · g^-1；高质园（植株大中量元素含量累积方差所对应的花色苷归一化值 > 0.8353；微量元素含量累积方差所对应的花色苷归一化值 > 0.8699）的植株营养诊断标准为N 5.38 ~ 11.00 mg · g^-1、P 5.45 ~ 10.88 mg · g^-1、K 6.73 ~ 39.75 mg · g^-1、Ca 35.57 ~ 68.83 mg · g^-1、Mg 9.30 ~ 24.63 mg · g^-1、Fe 233.93 ~ 398.83 mg · kg^-1、Mn 292.55 ~ 520.30 mg · kg^-1、Zn 29.03 ~ 73.65 mg · kg^-1、Cu 18.22 ~ 28.93 mg · kg^-1、B 20.52 ~ 35.13 mg · kg^-1和Mo 0.78 ~ 1.85 mg · kg^-1；针对‘梅乐’葡萄低质园（植株大中量元素含量累积方差所对应的花色苷归一化值 < 0.8353；土壤营养元素含量累积方差所对应的花色苷归一化值 < 0.6372）的植株和土壤丰缺特点，建议采用少量多次的方式向土壤施用P肥；完善水肥管理制度，提高植株对K和Ca元素的吸收能力；通过叶面喷施适当补充缺乏的微量元素。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄, 土壤, 植株, 营养诊断, 主成分分析, 品质

Abstract:

The aim is to lay a foundation for improving the quality of Merlot fruit and guiding precise fertilization in orchards. Taking Merlot grapewine in Yantai，Shandong Province as the test material，combined with the“5416”formula fertilization program from 2019 to 2021，principal component analysis （PCA）was used to evaluate 14 quality indexes of fruit at maturity stage，including 100 grain mass，soluble solid matter，ratio of skin to fruit，ratio of seed to seed，number of grains，total phenols，anthocyanins in peel，total flavonoids in peel and seed，flavanols in peel and seed，and tannins in peel and seed. PCA results show that T11 treatment（N 124.5 kg · hm^-2，P₂O₅ 46.5 kg · hm^-2，K₂O 0 kg · hm^-2，CaO 56.3 kg · hm^-2 and MgO 69.8 kg · hm^-2）had obvious effect on improving the comprehensive quality of Merlot grapewine. Correlation analysis was used to determine N in germination stage，P in maturation stage，K in maturation stage，Ca in maturation stage and Mg in germination stage distributed in 0-40 cm as soil nutrient diagnostic factors for anthocyanins. Plant nutritional diagnostic factors for anthocyanins were determined：N of petiole at veraison stage，P of inflorescence at full-bloom stage，K of leaf at full-bloom stage，Ca of leaf at veraison stage，Mg of petiole at maturity stage，Fe and Mn of leaf at veraison stage，Cu of fruit at maturity stage，Zn and B of inflorescence at full-bloom and Mo of leaf at full-bloom stage. The function model of diagnostic factors and anthocyanins was established by the method of component nutrition diagnosis（CND），and the diagnostic criteria for soil and plant nutrition of high-anthocyanin vineyards（high-quality vineyards）were finally established：The normalized value of anthocyanins corresponding to cumulative variance of soil element content > 0.6372；The normalized value of anthocyanins corresponding to the cumulative variance of plant medium and large elements content was > 0.8353；The normalized value of anthocyanin corresponding to cumulative variance of trace element content was > 0.8699. The diagnostic criteria for soil nutrition were N 0.06-0.21 mg · g^-1，P 0.08-1.17 mg · g^-1，K 0.05-0.23 mg · g^-1，Ca 0.52-8.51 mg · g^-1 and Mg 0.04-0.65 mg · g^-1. The diagnostic criteria of plant nutrition were N 5.38-11.00 mg · g^-1，P 5.45-10.88 mg · g^-1，K 6.73-39.75 mg · g^-1，Ca 35.57-68.83 mg · g^-1，Mg 9.30-24.63 mg · g^-1，Fe 233.93-398.83 mg · kg^-1，Mn 292.55-520.30 mg · kg^-1，Zn 29.03-73.65 mg · kg^-1，Cu 18.22-28.93 mg · kg^-1，B 20.52-35.13 mg · kg^-1 and Mo 0.78-1.85 mg · kg^-1. According to the abundance and deficiency characteristics of plants and soil elements in low quality vineyard（the normalized value of anthocyanins corresponding to the cumulative variance of the content of large and medium elements in the low-quality vineyards of Melot grapewine was < 0.8353；the normalized value of anthocyanin corresponding to the cumulative variance of soil elements was < 0.6372），it is recommended to apply P fertilizer to soil in a small amount and multiple times. Improve the water and fertilizer management system to improve the absorption capacity of K and Ca elements. The deficient trace elements are properly supplemented by foliar spraying.

Key words: wine grape, soil, plant, nutritional diagnosis, principal component analysis, quality

王小龙, 邵学东, 张正文, 钟晓敏, 刘畅, 王志强, 王宝亮, 冀晓昊, 史祥宾, 王海波. 酿酒葡萄‘梅乐’植株和土壤营养水平与果实品质的关联性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(11): 2575-2593.

WANG Xiaolong, SHAO Xuedong, ZHANG Zhengwen, ZHONG Xiaomin, LIU Chang, WANG Zhiqiang, WANG Baoliang, JI Xiaohao, SHI Xiangbin, WANG Haibo. Correlation Analysis of Fruit Quality and the Nutrient Level in Plant and Soil of Wine Grape‘Merlot’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2575-2593.

图/表 14

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处理代号Code	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO	总计Total
T1	0	0	0	0	0	0
T2	0	23.3	56.3	56.3	23.3	159.2
T3	0	46.5	112.5	112.5	46.5	318.0
T4	0	69.8	168.8	168.8	69.8	477.2
T5	62.3	0	56.3	112.5	69.8	300.9
T6	62.3	23.3	0	168.8	46.5	300.9
T7	62.3	46.5	168.8	0	23.3	300.9
T8	62.3	69.8	112.5	56.3	0	300.9
T9	124.5	0	112.5	168.8	23.3	429.1
T10	124.5	23.3	168.8	112.5	0	429.1
T11	124.5	46.5	0	56.3	69.8	297.1
T12	124.5	69.8	56.3	0	46.5	297.1
T13	186.8	0	168.8	56.3	46.5	458.4
T14	186.8	23.3	112.5	0	69.8	392.4
T15	186.8	46.5	56.3	168.8	0	458.4
T16	186.8	69.8	0	112.5	23.3	392.4

处理代号Code	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	CaO	MgO	总计Total
T1	0	0	0	0	0	0
T2	0	23.3	56.3	56.3	23.3	159.2
T3	0	46.5	112.5	112.5	46.5	318.0
T4	0	69.8	168.8	168.8	69.8	477.2
T5	62.3	0	56.3	112.5	69.8	300.9
T6	62.3	23.3	0	168.8	46.5	300.9
T7	62.3	46.5	168.8	0	23.3	300.9
T8	62.3	69.8	112.5	56.3	0	300.9
T9	124.5	0	112.5	168.8	23.3	429.1
T10	124.5	23.3	168.8	112.5	0	429.1
T11	124.5	46.5	0	56.3	69.8	297.1
T12	124.5	69.8	56.3	0	46.5	297.1
T13	186.8	0	168.8	56.3	46.5	458.4
T14	186.8	23.3	112.5	0	69.8	392.4
T15	186.8	46.5	56.3	168.8	0	458.4
T16	186.8	69.8	0	112.5	23.3	392.4

处理 Treat- ment	年份 Year	果汁可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids	皮果比/% Peel-to-fruit ratio	皮总酚/ （mg · g^-1） Total peel phenols	皮花色苷/ （mg · g^-1） Peel anthocyanins	皮总黄酮/ （mg · g^-1） Total peel flavonoids	皮黄烷醇/ （mg · g^-1） Peel flavanols	皮单宁/ （mg · g^-1） Peel tannins
T1	2019	21.7 ± 0.4 a	9.69 ± 0.64 defg	7.61 ± 0.63 e	2.06 ± 0.31 gh	5.83 ± 0.14 cde	39.76 ± 5.51cdef	1.23 ± 0.07 ef
	2020	16.2 ± 2.1 cd	11.23 ± 0.29 cd	7.76 ± 0.88 b	1.67 ± 0.25 e	4.31 ± 0.46 d	34.03 ± 4.68 c	1.35 ± 0.12 cd
	2021	18.9 ± 0.9 abc	10.86 ± 1.07 bc	3.23 ± 0.32 cde	0.23 ± 0.02 fg	1.68 ± 0.13 d	12.70 ± 0.19 cd	0.39 ± 0.04 gh
T2	2019	20.2 ± 2.4 a	9.80 ± 1.10 cdefg	12.86 ± 0.27 abcde	3.41 ± 0.09 bcd	9.51 ± 0.89 a	88.52 ± 10.14 a	3.22 ± 0.52 a
	2020	12.1 ± 1.1 e	12.96 ± 0.90 b	4.41 ± 0.55 g	1.10 ± 0.12 f	2.89 ± 0.33 e	20.26 ± 2.22 f	0.56 ± 0.03 e
	2021	17.5 ± 1.9 abc	11.75 ± 1.21 b	2.51 ± 0.22 efg	0.14 ± 0.01 h	0.87 ± 0.06 f	10.15 ± 1.34 de	0.51 ± 0.00 fg
T3	2019	19.5 ± 1.4 a	9.48 ± 0.27 efg	9.44 ± 1.08 bcde	2.88 ± 0.25 def	6.27 ± 0.84 cde	50.14 ± 2.77 b	1.90 ± 0.27 cd
	2020	15.7 ± 1.7 cd	8.84 ± 0.51 fgh	6.62 ± 0.57 cd	1.85 ± 0.05 e	4.73 ± 0.48 d	33.49 ± 2.55 c	1.38 ± 0.07 cd
	2021	17.3 ± 1.5 abc	10.35 ± 1.71 bcd	3.26 ± 0.18 cde	0.23 ± 0.03 fg	1.78 ± 0.14 d	13.60 ± 1.63 c	0.63 ± 0.05 de
T4	2019	22.8 ± 1.3 a	11.31 ± 0.78 bc	7.32 ± 0.49 cde	2.52 ± 0.40 fg	5.01 ± 0.50 ef	38.68 ± 2.91 cdef	1.56 ± 0.20 de
	2020	15.6 ± 1.6 cd	10.58 ± 0.87 de	6.41 ± 0.19 cde	1.91 ± 0.13 e	4.32 ± 0.24 d	32.44 ± 3.88 cd	1.19 ± 0.13 cd
	2021	19.5 ± 1.6 ab	7.31 ± 1.21 ef	8.06 ± 1.19 a	0.85 ± 0.09 a	5.04 ± 0.18 a	30.35 ± 4.23 a	1.83 ± 0.17 a
T5	2019	22.0 ± 2.6 a	10.97 ± 1.01 bcde	5.95 ± 0.75 cde	2.88 ± 0.38 ef	4.45 ± 0.55 f	31.52 ± 2.52 f	1.09 ± 0.11 fg
	2020	16.3 ± 1.7 cd	7.23 ± 1.09 h	9.43 ± 0.45 a	3.15 ± 0.31 ab	6.54 ± 0.42 bc	46.74 ± 4.76 ab	2.02 ± 0.13 b
	2021	18.4 ± 1.2 abc	9.30 ± 0.90 cd	2.97 ± 0.28 def	0.30 ± 0.03 ef	1.68 ± 0.14 d	14.86 ± 1.43 c	0.19 ± 0.02 k
T6	2019	23.1 ± 3.2 a	10.14 ± 0.98 bcdef	8.43 ± 0.92 abcde	2.22 ± 0.15 gh	5.48 ± 0.78 def	36.20 ± 4.14 ef	1.36 ± 0.07 ef
	2020	16.9 ± 0.8 bcd	7.81 ± 0.99 gh	7.95 ± 0.68 b	3.43 ± 0.38 a	7.39 ± 0.28 a	42.80 ± 1.24 b	1.51 ± 0.08 c
	2021	19.0 ± 1.4 abc	8.45 ± 0.86 def	3.55 ± 0.48 cd	0.40 ± 0.05 c	2.32 ± 0.27 c	13.91 ± 1.81 c	0.37 ± 0.03 hi
T7	2019	20.9 ± 1.1 a	11.49 ± 1.36 b	11.25 ± 1.20 abcde	3.57 ± 0.22 bc	6.95 ± 1.02 c	51.00 ± 3.47 b	2.02 ± 0.07 c
	2020	16.6 ± 0.7 bcd	8.97 ± 0.89 efgh	5.29 ± 0.60 f	2.93 ± 0.44 bc	4.83 ± 0.38 d	34.52 ± 4.86 c	1.07 ± 0.13 d
	2021	17.8 ± 1.3 abc	6.88 ± 0.14 f	3.02 ± 0.25 cdef	0.34 ± 0.03 de	2.42 ± 0.27 c	14.71 ± 0.43 c	0.50 ± 0.05 ef
T8	2019	22.2 ± 2.6 a	9.60 ± 0.46 defg	14.06 ± 1.26 a	4.28 ± 0.15 a	10.37 ± 1.44 a	81.69 ± 4.83 a	3.20 ± 0.15 a
	2020	18.6 ± 2.4 abc	13.61 ± 1.58 ab	3.94 ± 0.21 g	1.53 ± 0.14 ef	3.33 ± 0.40 e	23.19 ± 3.22 f	0.60 ± 0.05 e
	2021	16.6 ± 1.3 bc	12.03 ± 0.50 b	2.23 ± 0.20 fg	0.21 ± 0.03 gh	1.32 ± 0.12 e	9.76 ± 1.32 def	0.32 ± 0.01 hijk
T9	2019	21.9 ± 2.8 a	10.40 ± 0.66 bcdef	10.39 ± 1.24 abcde	3.58 ± 0.01 b	6.44 ± 0.13 cde	47.85 ±4.39 bc	1.75 ± 0.08 cd
	2020	18.2 ± 0.8 abcd	10.35 ± 0.72 def	5.74 ± 0.34 ef	2.42 ± 0.24 d	4.97 ± 0.62 d	31.94 ± 2.70 cde	0.46 ± 0.04 e
	2021	20.3 ± 1.2 a	14.08 ± 1.19 a	2.65 ± 0.06 ef	0.36 ± 0.03 cde	1.70 ± 0.19 d	9.38 ± 0.92 ef	0.32 ± 0.03 hij
T10	2019	22.9 ± 2.6 a	10.36 ± 0.37 bcdef	10.14 ± 1.10 ab	3.35 ± 0.37 bcde	5.25 ± 0.34 ef	37.46 ± 3.54 def	1.28 ± 0.08 ef
	2020	17.4 ± 1.4 bcd	13.49 ± 0.15 ab	6.04 ± 0.42 def	1.68 ± 0.12 e	3.44 ± 0.39 e	26.24 ± 1.47 def	1.17 ± 0.12 cd
	2021	18.1 ± 1.5 abc	11.85 ± 1.07 b	3.16 ± 0.34 cde	0.39 ± 0.03 cd	2.18 ± 0.03 c	12.73 ± 1.80 cd	0.85 ± 0.13 c
T11	2019	22.8 ± 1.2 a	11.06 ± 0.52 bcde	8.78 ± 0.76 abc	2.98 ± 0.41 def	5.91 ± 0.33 cde	42.86 ± 4.96 bcde	1.92 ± 0.29 c
	2020	21.0 ± 2.4 a	8.31 ± 1.26 gh	9.24 ± 0.16 a	3.55 ± 0.38 a	6.44 ± 0.99 bc	45.37 ± 2.53 ab	3.00 ± 0.23 a
	2021	19.5 ± 1.3 ab	8.68 ± 0.89 def	3.56 ± 0.35 cd	0.34 ± 0.05 de	2.30 ± 0.19 c	14.45 ± 0.64 c	0.75 ± 0.09 d
T12	2019	22.1 ± 3.6 a	13.21 ± 1.19 a	5.36 ± 0.57 de	1.79 ± 0.14 h	2.85 ± 0.28 g	17.01 ± 1.82 g	0.76 ± 0.07 g
	2020	15.4 ± 1.0 d	8.21 ± 0.03 gh	9.94 ± 0.23 a	3.28 ± 0.37 ab	7.01 ± 0.68 ab	51.87 ± 7.24 a	3.10 ± 0.40 a
	2021	18.4 ± 1.3 abc	10.76 ± 0.81 bc	3.22 ± 0.23 cde	0.32 ± 0.03 ef	1.79 ± 0.13 d	11.97 ± 1.16 cde	0.24 ± 0.01 jk
T13	2019	20.0 ± 1.8 a	9.20 ± 0.29 fg	12.44 ± 1.49 abc	3.54 ± 0.23 bc	6.84 ± 0.93 cd	45.64 ± 0.99 bcd	2.48 ± 0.13 b
	2020	16.8 ± 0.1 bcd	8.32 ± 0.88 gh	7.17 ± 0.29 bc	2.41 ± 0.28 d	5.85 ± 0.36 c	43.14 ± 4.69 b	2.95 ± 0.19 a
	2021	15.9 ± 2.2 c	9.06 ± 1.25 cde	3.52 ± 0.38 cd	0.18 ± 0.02 gh	1.69 ± 0.21 d	12.15 ± 1.13 cde	0.72 ± 0.07 d
T14	2019	21.9 ± 1.3 a	11.19 ± 1.04 bcd	9.51 ± 1.07 abcd	3.07 ± 0.15 cde	5.10 ± 0.52 ef	34.37 ± 3.28 ef	1.21 ± 0.08 ef
	2020	16.6 ± 1.2 bcd	12.30 ± 1.73 bc	5.51 ± 0.29 f	1.93 ± 0.17 e	4.29 ± 0.32 d	33.49 ± 1.50 c	1.89 ± 0.14 b
	2021	17.8 ± 2.1 abc	15.52 ± 1.46 a	1.81 ± 0.25 g	0.24 ± 0.02 fg	1.57 ± 0.18 de	7.05 ± 0.49 f	0.26 ± 0.02 ijk
T15	2019	22.7 ± 1.1 a	10.51 ± 1.05 bcdef	10.17 ± 1.51 abcde	3.20 ± 0.25 bcde	5.98 ± 0.50 cde	42.49 ± 5.69 bcde	1.95 ± 0.19 c
	2020	15.4 ± 2.2 d	15.04 ± 1.14 a	4.45 ± 0.46 g	1.15 ± 0.12 f	2.95 ± 0.04 e	25.56 ± 2.91 ef	1.03 ± 0.04 d
	2021	18.9 ± 2.2 abc	6.90 ± 0.24 f	5.72 ± 0.66 b	0.63 ± 0.05 b	3.65 ± 0.33 b	19.70 ± 2.22 b	1.18 ± 0.12 b
T16	2019	22.8 ± 2.3 a	8.41 ± 0.35 g	12.59 ± 0.87 ab	4.42 ± 0.33 a	8.19 ± 1.11 b	83.83 ± 8.56 a	2.86 ± 0.30 a
	2020	19.5 ± 1.9 ab	9.47 ± 0.62 efg	9.14 ± 0.18 a	2.54 ± 0.25 cd	6.33 ± 0.21 bc	49.61 ± 3.64 ab	2.86 ± 0.29 a
	2021	19.1 ± 2.5 abc	11.50 ± 1.28 b	3.83 ± 0.32 c	0.34 ± 0.03 de	2.29 ± 0.26 c	15.04 ± 1.36 c	0.92 ± 0.01 c

处理 Treat- ment	年份 Year	果汁可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids	皮果比/% Peel-to-fruit ratio	皮总酚/ （mg · g^-1） Total peel phenols	皮花色苷/ （mg · g^-1） Peel anthocyanins	皮总黄酮/ （mg · g^-1） Total peel flavonoids	皮黄烷醇/ （mg · g^-1） Peel flavanols	皮单宁/ （mg · g^-1） Peel tannins
T1	2019	21.7 ± 0.4 a	9.69 ± 0.64 defg	7.61 ± 0.63 e	2.06 ± 0.31 gh	5.83 ± 0.14 cde	39.76 ± 5.51cdef	1.23 ± 0.07 ef
	2020	16.2 ± 2.1 cd	11.23 ± 0.29 cd	7.76 ± 0.88 b	1.67 ± 0.25 e	4.31 ± 0.46 d	34.03 ± 4.68 c	1.35 ± 0.12 cd
	2021	18.9 ± 0.9 abc	10.86 ± 1.07 bc	3.23 ± 0.32 cde	0.23 ± 0.02 fg	1.68 ± 0.13 d	12.70 ± 0.19 cd	0.39 ± 0.04 gh
T2	2019	20.2 ± 2.4 a	9.80 ± 1.10 cdefg	12.86 ± 0.27 abcde	3.41 ± 0.09 bcd	9.51 ± 0.89 a	88.52 ± 10.14 a	3.22 ± 0.52 a
	2020	12.1 ± 1.1 e	12.96 ± 0.90 b	4.41 ± 0.55 g	1.10 ± 0.12 f	2.89 ± 0.33 e	20.26 ± 2.22 f	0.56 ± 0.03 e
	2021	17.5 ± 1.9 abc	11.75 ± 1.21 b	2.51 ± 0.22 efg	0.14 ± 0.01 h	0.87 ± 0.06 f	10.15 ± 1.34 de	0.51 ± 0.00 fg
T3	2019	19.5 ± 1.4 a	9.48 ± 0.27 efg	9.44 ± 1.08 bcde	2.88 ± 0.25 def	6.27 ± 0.84 cde	50.14 ± 2.77 b	1.90 ± 0.27 cd
	2020	15.7 ± 1.7 cd	8.84 ± 0.51 fgh	6.62 ± 0.57 cd	1.85 ± 0.05 e	4.73 ± 0.48 d	33.49 ± 2.55 c	1.38 ± 0.07 cd
	2021	17.3 ± 1.5 abc	10.35 ± 1.71 bcd	3.26 ± 0.18 cde	0.23 ± 0.03 fg	1.78 ± 0.14 d	13.60 ± 1.63 c	0.63 ± 0.05 de
T4	2019	22.8 ± 1.3 a	11.31 ± 0.78 bc	7.32 ± 0.49 cde	2.52 ± 0.40 fg	5.01 ± 0.50 ef	38.68 ± 2.91 cdef	1.56 ± 0.20 de
	2020	15.6 ± 1.6 cd	10.58 ± 0.87 de	6.41 ± 0.19 cde	1.91 ± 0.13 e	4.32 ± 0.24 d	32.44 ± 3.88 cd	1.19 ± 0.13 cd
	2021	19.5 ± 1.6 ab	7.31 ± 1.21 ef	8.06 ± 1.19 a	0.85 ± 0.09 a	5.04 ± 0.18 a	30.35 ± 4.23 a	1.83 ± 0.17 a
T5	2019	22.0 ± 2.6 a	10.97 ± 1.01 bcde	5.95 ± 0.75 cde	2.88 ± 0.38 ef	4.45 ± 0.55 f	31.52 ± 2.52 f	1.09 ± 0.11 fg
	2020	16.3 ± 1.7 cd	7.23 ± 1.09 h	9.43 ± 0.45 a	3.15 ± 0.31 ab	6.54 ± 0.42 bc	46.74 ± 4.76 ab	2.02 ± 0.13 b
	2021	18.4 ± 1.2 abc	9.30 ± 0.90 cd	2.97 ± 0.28 def	0.30 ± 0.03 ef	1.68 ± 0.14 d	14.86 ± 1.43 c	0.19 ± 0.02 k
T6	2019	23.1 ± 3.2 a	10.14 ± 0.98 bcdef	8.43 ± 0.92 abcde	2.22 ± 0.15 gh	5.48 ± 0.78 def	36.20 ± 4.14 ef	1.36 ± 0.07 ef
	2020	16.9 ± 0.8 bcd	7.81 ± 0.99 gh	7.95 ± 0.68 b	3.43 ± 0.38 a	7.39 ± 0.28 a	42.80 ± 1.24 b	1.51 ± 0.08 c
	2021	19.0 ± 1.4 abc	8.45 ± 0.86 def	3.55 ± 0.48 cd	0.40 ± 0.05 c	2.32 ± 0.27 c	13.91 ± 1.81 c	0.37 ± 0.03 hi
T7	2019	20.9 ± 1.1 a	11.49 ± 1.36 b	11.25 ± 1.20 abcde	3.57 ± 0.22 bc	6.95 ± 1.02 c	51.00 ± 3.47 b	2.02 ± 0.07 c
	2020	16.6 ± 0.7 bcd	8.97 ± 0.89 efgh	5.29 ± 0.60 f	2.93 ± 0.44 bc	4.83 ± 0.38 d	34.52 ± 4.86 c	1.07 ± 0.13 d
	2021	17.8 ± 1.3 abc	6.88 ± 0.14 f	3.02 ± 0.25 cdef	0.34 ± 0.03 de	2.42 ± 0.27 c	14.71 ± 0.43 c	0.50 ± 0.05 ef
T8	2019	22.2 ± 2.6 a	9.60 ± 0.46 defg	14.06 ± 1.26 a	4.28 ± 0.15 a	10.37 ± 1.44 a	81.69 ± 4.83 a	3.20 ± 0.15 a
	2020	18.6 ± 2.4 abc	13.61 ± 1.58 ab	3.94 ± 0.21 g	1.53 ± 0.14 ef	3.33 ± 0.40 e	23.19 ± 3.22 f	0.60 ± 0.05 e
	2021	16.6 ± 1.3 bc	12.03 ± 0.50 b	2.23 ± 0.20 fg	0.21 ± 0.03 gh	1.32 ± 0.12 e	9.76 ± 1.32 def	0.32 ± 0.01 hijk
T9	2019	21.9 ± 2.8 a	10.40 ± 0.66 bcdef	10.39 ± 1.24 abcde	3.58 ± 0.01 b	6.44 ± 0.13 cde	47.85 ±4.39 bc	1.75 ± 0.08 cd
	2020	18.2 ± 0.8 abcd	10.35 ± 0.72 def	5.74 ± 0.34 ef	2.42 ± 0.24 d	4.97 ± 0.62 d	31.94 ± 2.70 cde	0.46 ± 0.04 e
	2021	20.3 ± 1.2 a	14.08 ± 1.19 a	2.65 ± 0.06 ef	0.36 ± 0.03 cde	1.70 ± 0.19 d	9.38 ± 0.92 ef	0.32 ± 0.03 hij
T10	2019	22.9 ± 2.6 a	10.36 ± 0.37 bcdef	10.14 ± 1.10 ab	3.35 ± 0.37 bcde	5.25 ± 0.34 ef	37.46 ± 3.54 def	1.28 ± 0.08 ef
	2020	17.4 ± 1.4 bcd	13.49 ± 0.15 ab	6.04 ± 0.42 def	1.68 ± 0.12 e	3.44 ± 0.39 e	26.24 ± 1.47 def	1.17 ± 0.12 cd
	2021	18.1 ± 1.5 abc	11.85 ± 1.07 b	3.16 ± 0.34 cde	0.39 ± 0.03 cd	2.18 ± 0.03 c	12.73 ± 1.80 cd	0.85 ± 0.13 c
T11	2019	22.8 ± 1.2 a	11.06 ± 0.52 bcde	8.78 ± 0.76 abc	2.98 ± 0.41 def	5.91 ± 0.33 cde	42.86 ± 4.96 bcde	1.92 ± 0.29 c
	2020	21.0 ± 2.4 a	8.31 ± 1.26 gh	9.24 ± 0.16 a	3.55 ± 0.38 a	6.44 ± 0.99 bc	45.37 ± 2.53 ab	3.00 ± 0.23 a
	2021	19.5 ± 1.3 ab	8.68 ± 0.89 def	3.56 ± 0.35 cd	0.34 ± 0.05 de	2.30 ± 0.19 c	14.45 ± 0.64 c	0.75 ± 0.09 d
T12	2019	22.1 ± 3.6 a	13.21 ± 1.19 a	5.36 ± 0.57 de	1.79 ± 0.14 h	2.85 ± 0.28 g	17.01 ± 1.82 g	0.76 ± 0.07 g
	2020	15.4 ± 1.0 d	8.21 ± 0.03 gh	9.94 ± 0.23 a	3.28 ± 0.37 ab	7.01 ± 0.68 ab	51.87 ± 7.24 a	3.10 ± 0.40 a
	2021	18.4 ± 1.3 abc	10.76 ± 0.81 bc	3.22 ± 0.23 cde	0.32 ± 0.03 ef	1.79 ± 0.13 d	11.97 ± 1.16 cde	0.24 ± 0.01 jk
T13	2019	20.0 ± 1.8 a	9.20 ± 0.29 fg	12.44 ± 1.49 abc	3.54 ± 0.23 bc	6.84 ± 0.93 cd	45.64 ± 0.99 bcd	2.48 ± 0.13 b
	2020	16.8 ± 0.1 bcd	8.32 ± 0.88 gh	7.17 ± 0.29 bc	2.41 ± 0.28 d	5.85 ± 0.36 c	43.14 ± 4.69 b	2.95 ± 0.19 a
	2021	15.9 ± 2.2 c	9.06 ± 1.25 cde	3.52 ± 0.38 cd	0.18 ± 0.02 gh	1.69 ± 0.21 d	12.15 ± 1.13 cde	0.72 ± 0.07 d
T14	2019	21.9 ± 1.3 a	11.19 ± 1.04 bcd	9.51 ± 1.07 abcd	3.07 ± 0.15 cde	5.10 ± 0.52 ef	34.37 ± 3.28 ef	1.21 ± 0.08 ef
	2020	16.6 ± 1.2 bcd	12.30 ± 1.73 bc	5.51 ± 0.29 f	1.93 ± 0.17 e	4.29 ± 0.32 d	33.49 ± 1.50 c	1.89 ± 0.14 b
	2021	17.8 ± 2.1 abc	15.52 ± 1.46 a	1.81 ± 0.25 g	0.24 ± 0.02 fg	1.57 ± 0.18 de	7.05 ± 0.49 f	0.26 ± 0.02 ijk
T15	2019	22.7 ± 1.1 a	10.51 ± 1.05 bcdef	10.17 ± 1.51 abcde	3.20 ± 0.25 bcde	5.98 ± 0.50 cde	42.49 ± 5.69 bcde	1.95 ± 0.19 c
	2020	15.4 ± 2.2 d	15.04 ± 1.14 a	4.45 ± 0.46 g	1.15 ± 0.12 f	2.95 ± 0.04 e	25.56 ± 2.91 ef	1.03 ± 0.04 d
	2021	18.9 ± 2.2 abc	6.90 ± 0.24 f	5.72 ± 0.66 b	0.63 ± 0.05 b	3.65 ± 0.33 b	19.70 ± 2.22 b	1.18 ± 0.12 b
T16	2019	22.8 ± 2.3 a	8.41 ± 0.35 g	12.59 ± 0.87 ab	4.42 ± 0.33 a	8.19 ± 1.11 b	83.83 ± 8.56 a	2.86 ± 0.30 a
	2020	19.5 ± 1.9 ab	9.47 ± 0.62 efg	9.14 ± 0.18 a	2.54 ± 0.25 cd	6.33 ± 0.21 bc	49.61 ± 3.64 ab	2.86 ± 0.29 a
	2021	19.1 ± 2.5 abc	11.50 ± 1.28 b	3.83 ± 0.32 c	0.34 ± 0.03 de	2.29 ± 0.26 c	15.04 ± 1.36 c	0.92 ± 0.01 c

处理 Treat- ment	年份 Year	百粒质量/g 100 grain weight	籽果比/% Seed-to-fruit ratio	籽粒数 Number of seeds	籽总酚/ （mg · g^-1） Total seed phenols	籽总黄酮/ （mg · g^-1） Total seed flavonoids	籽黄烷醇/ （mg · g^-1） Seed flavanols	籽单宁/ （mg · g^-1） Seed tannins
T1	2019	156.5 ± 21.9 abc	5.03 ± 0.35 cde	62 ± 6 a	18.68 ± 0.78 f	27.03 ± 1.35 f	286.19 ± 15.73 ef	7.01 ± 0.75 d
	2020	146.7 ± 12.0 de	6.28 ± 0.72 bc	65 ± 3 abc	9.43 ± 0.96 h	14.27 ± 0.90 e	208.61 ± 12.49 hi	1.65 ± 0.05 i
	2021	158.2 ± 23.5 bcd	6.02 ± 0.25 ab	76 ± 7 ab	26.15 ± 3.57 cde	18.35 ± 0.52 efg	361.54 ± 28.28 cdef	17.23 ± 0.74 ef
T2	2019	160.5 ± 17.5 ab	4.78 ± 0.20 efg	56 ± 2 ab	13.42 ± 0.20 gh	22.61 ± 0.86 fg	267.16 ± 20.31 f	2.07 ± 0.16 g
	2020	170.0 ± 25.8 bcd	5.70 ± 0.50 cdef	64 ± 6 abc	6.73 ± 0.56 h	10.4 6 ± 1.11 f	149.30 ± 13.43 j	2.15 ± 0.26 hi
	2021	166.3 ± 13.0 abcd	5.52 ± 0.57 ab	68 ± 8 ab	25.39 ± 0.86 cde	23.61 ± 1.01 bcd	363.78 ± 28.33 cdef	18.14 ± 1.92 cdef
T3	2019	165.8 ± 9.2 a	4.35 ± 0.09 efg	54 ± 5 ab	32.32 ± 3.26 ab	66.51 ± 4.57 b	647.25 ± 53.11 a	8.43 ± 0.50 c
	2020	199.2 ± 27.2 abc	5.12 ± 0.23 def	73 ± 4 abc	18.15 ± 2.66 d	21.66 ± 0.23 d	291.15 ± 20.86 fg	7.31 ± 0.74 d
	2021	180.2 ± 13.4 abcd	5.18 ± 0.48 b	68 ± 4 ab	33.00 ± 2.87 a	28.89 ± 4.17 a	485.17 ± 55.54 a	22.22 ± 1.90 a
T4	2019	164.3 ± 21.3 a	4.99 ± 0.56 cdef	59 ± 4 ab	17.08 ± 1.58 fg	39.08 ± 1.66 de	398.30 ± 16.84 cd	4.64 ± 0.52 f
	2020	168.7 ± 19.7 bcd	5.98 ± 0.25 cde	69 ± 11 abc	13.06 ± 0.95 g	16.57 ± 1.42 e	207.94 ± 25.84 hi	5.48 ± 0.32 ef
	2021	162.2 ± 7.9 abcd	6.38 ± 0.13 ab	79 ± 9 ab	22.29 ± 2.31 de	17.56 ± 1.24 g	302.39 ± 21.47 fg	15.53 ± 1.64 f
T5	2019	144.3 ± 7.2 abcd	5.87 ± 0.24 ab	62 ± 4 a	10.62 ± 0.59 h	40.01 ± 5.05 de	115.87 ± 5.61 g	2.71 ± 0.24 g
	2020	165.4 ± 18.9 bcd	5.61 ± 0.32 cdef	72 ± 7 abc	22.44 ± 0.90 bc	32.74 ± 2.92 b	407.32 ± 53.68 bc	11.73 ± 0.95 a
	2021	154.2 ± 13.9 cd	6.06 ± 0.96 ab	71 ± 4 ab	28.50 ± 2.19 abc	21.88 ± 0.14 cdef	388.64 ± 33.92 bcd	17.59 ± 2.34 def
T6	2019	143.6 ± 11.2 abcd	4.94 ± 0.52 defg	54 ± 4 ab	26.76 ± 3.17 cd	46.83 ± 2.22 cd	454.25 ± 49.64 c	6.00 ± 0.76 e
	2020	191.5 ± 4.2 abc	5.42 ± 0.61 cdef	75 ± 10 ab	21.92 ± 2.94 bc	32.72 ± 3.85 b	389.97 ± 26.79 cd	10.91 ± 1.17 ab
	2021	148 ± 15.6 cd	6.53 ± 0.41 a	75 ± 5 ab	29.54 ± 3.01 abc	20.15 ± 3.17 defg	385.65 ± 26.85 bcd	20.74 ± 1.92 abcd
T7	2019	157.3 ± 15.9 ab	4.54 ± 0.48 efg	50 ± 7 b	25.01 ± 1.16 de	49.17 ± 5.35 c	467.09 ± 62.30 c	6.72 ± 0.55 de
	2020	216.4 ± 29.7 a	4.81 ± 0.64 f	71 ± 7 abc	16.86 ± 0.38 def	28.41 ± 3.54 c	308.00 ± 10.04 efg	8.74 ± 0.94 c
	2021	193.7 ± 13.6 ab	5.25 ± 0.72 b	73 ± 6 ab	25.31 ± 2.15 cde	18.19 ± 0.71 efg	327.89 ± 21.23 defg	18.63 ± 0.36 bcdef
T8	2019	170.5 ± 20.8 a	4.18 ± 0.13 fg	51 ± 6 b	25.60 ± 2.57 de	62.71 ± 6.07 b	546.65 ± 73.47 b	8.95 ± 0.29 c
	2020	194.9 ± 14.9 abc	4.81 ± 0.72 f	60 ± 4 c	18.11 ± 1.52 d	26.57 ± 2.81 c	278.73 ± 47.24 g	6.49 ± 0.51 de
	2021	196.5 ± 26.0 a	5.43 ± 0.71 ab	73 ± 8 ab	27.53 ± 3.58 bc	28.78 ± 3.14 a	389.49 ± 38.64 bcd	16.69 ± 1.41 ef
T9	2019	148.9 ± 14.2 abcd	5.07 ± 0.65 bcde	61 ± 6 a	30.09 ± 3.49 bc	70.67 ± 11.11 b	589.29 ± 22.68 ab	10.03 ± 0.62 b
	2020	164.9 ± 16.1 bcd	6.06 ± 0.34 bcd	67 ± 11 abc	14.02 ± 0.93 efg	22.58 ± 2.25 d	251.58 ± 10.24 gh	6.49 ± 0.63 de
	2021	182.5 ± 24.2 abc	6.10 ± 0.69 ab	77 ± 4 ab	29.83 ± 0.94 abc	26.41 ± 3.09 ab	386.35 ± 29.42 bcd	20.71 ± 1.04 abcd
T10	2019	149.9 ± 18.6 abcd	5.71 ± 0.41 abcd	62 ± 3 a	12.70 ± 1.36 h	15.44 ± 0.96 g	223.24 ± 10.64 f	2.10 ± 0.19 g
	2020	161.9 ± 21.0 cd	6.96 ± 0.78 b	72 ± 2 abc	13.96 ± 1.80 efg	15.45 ± 1.64 e	186.97 ± 15.60 ij	3.26 ± 0.35 gh
	2021	176.5 ± 20.7 abcd	6.54 ± 0.49 a	81 ± 6 a	28.61 ± 1.76 abc	23.20 ± 2.46 bcd	407.08 ± 51.68 bc	21.42 ± 1.95 ab
T11	2019	149.8 ± 7.8 abcd	6.12 ± 0.62 a	59 ± 6 ab	13.29 ± 0.50 gh	25.80 ± 3.02 f	289.72 ± 43.97 ef	2.71 ± 0.43 g
	2020	186.9 ± 20.5 abc	5.96 ± 0.34 cde	78 ± 6 a	27.19 ± 3.06 a	36.76 ± 3.19 a	453.57 ± 50.83 ab	12.26 ± 1.16 a
	2021	182.3 ± 9.0 abc	6.12 ± 0.85 ab	81 ± 10 a	29.85 ± 3.20 abc	25.21 ± 1.85 abc	447.84 ± 43.60 ab	19.55 ± 2.87 abcde
T12	2019	149.4 ± 10.5 abcd	5.00 ± 0.41 cdef	56 ± 7 ab	25.23 ± 3.40 de	54.04 ± 5.07 c	456.57 ± 42.23 c	8.22 ± 0.79 c
	2020	169.1 ± 27.9 bcd	5.05 ± 0.14 def	67 ± 7 abc	25.29 ± 4.21 ab	30.32 ± 1.71 bc	342.48 ± 48.74 def	9.65 ± 0.88 bc
	2021	170.3 ± 22.6 abcd	5.97 ± 0.56 ab	76 ± 8 ab	27.04 ± 3.05 bcd	22.20 ± 3.03 cde	369.72 ± 21.61 cde	18.77 ± 0.81 bcde
T13	2019	126.6 ± 3.6 d	4.90 ± 0.23 defg	51 ± 3 b	11.42 ± 1.33 h	19.03 ± 0.41 fg	236.65 ± 35.58 f	2.35 ± 0.18 g
	2020	201.6 ± 1.7 ab	4.94 ± 0.75 ef	68 ± 11 abc	19.40 ± 2.94 cd	26.93 ± 3.24 c	350.39 ± 33.20 de	10.89 ± 1.41 ab
	2021	175.2 ± 20.5 abcd	5.22 ± 0.48 b	66 ± 6 b	21.94 ± 2.02 e	17.21 ± 2.03 g	287.68 ± 17.83 g	18.18 ± 2.15 bcdef
T14	2019	128.9 ± 4.8 cd	4.12 ± 0.52 fg	54 ± 2 ab	22.48 ± 3.16 e	36.06 ± 4.56 e	348.04 ± 32.39 de	4.91 ± 0.30 f
	2020	185.2 ± 14.8 abc	5.53 ± 0.66 cdef	63 ± 5 bc	17.52 ± 1.26 de	10.04 ± 1.15 f	133.52 ± 14.90 j	1.79 ± 0.15 i
	2021	146 ± 16.1 d	6.27 ± 0.69 ab	69 ± 2 ab	31.50 ± 4.55 ab	24.45 ± 2.29 bc	421.91 ± 28.79 bc	22.01 ± 2.02 a
T15	2019	149.4 ± 14.2 abcd	5.07 ± 0.44 bcde	62 ± 5 a	34.74 ± 3.25 a	81.68 ± 5.21 a	628.15 ± 78.85 a	12.73 ± 1.30 a
	2020	125.6 ± 13.8 e	8.28 ± 0.21 a	65 ± 7 abc	13.63 ± 1.13 fg	14.61 ± 0.95 e	183.74 ± 14.08 ij	4.56 ± 0.45 fg
	2021	162.0 ± 13.8 abcd	6.18 ± 0.04 ab	75 ± 9 ab	25.08 ± 1.41 cde	17.76 ± 1.04 fg	310.56 ± 27.31 efg	18.76 ± 0.59 bcde
T16	2019	133.7 ± 12.0 bcd	5.79 ± 0.69 abc	59 ± 5 ab	11.88 ± 1.10 h	24.80 ± 2.37 f	293.20 ± 29.64 ef	2.16 ± 0.19 g
	2020	191.3 ± 7.5 abc	5.23 ± 0.62 def	72 ± 4 abc	26.54 ± 0.52 a	29.47 ± 0.45 bc	466.62 ± 44.12 a	10.12 ± 1.19 bc
	2021	159.5 ± 23.8 bcd	5.85 ± 0.72 ab	68 ± 10 ab	28.88 ± 2.59 abc	19.95 ± 0.58 defg	377.95 ± 35.56cd	20.88 ± 0.15 abc

酿酒葡萄‘梅乐’植株和土壤营养水平与果实品质的关联性分析

Correlation Analysis of Fruit Quality and the Nutrient Level in Plant and Soil of Wine Grape‘Merlot’

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品质指标 Quality index	最小值 Minimum			最大值 Maximum
品质指标 Quality index	2019	2020	2021	2019	2020	2021
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid	T3	T2	T13	T6	T11	T9
百粒质量 100 grain weight	T13	T15	T14	T8	T7	T8
皮果比 Peel-to-fruit ratio	T16	T5	T7	T12	T15	T14
籽果比 Seed-to-fruit ratio	T14	T8	T3	T11	T15	T10
籽粒数Number of seeds	T7	T8	T13	T1，T5，T 10，T 15	T11	T10，T 11
皮总酚 Total peel phenols	T12	T8	T14	T8	T12	T4
籽总酚 Total seed phenols	T5	T2	T13	T15	T11	T3
皮花色苷 Peel anthocyanins	T12	T2	T2	T16	T11	T4
皮总黄酮 Total peel flavonoids	T12	T2	T2	T8	T6	T4
籽总黄酮 Total seed flavonoids	T10	T14	T13	T15	T11	T3
皮黄烷醇 Peel flavanols	T12	T2	T14	T2	T12	T4
籽黄烷醇 Seed flavanols	T5	T14	T13	T3	T16	T3
皮单宁 Peel tannins	T12	T9	T5	T2	T12	T4
籽单宁 Seed tannins	T2	T1	T4	T15	T11	T3

品质指标	主成分 Principal component
Quality index	PC₁	PC₂	PC₃
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid	0.540	-0.059	0.746
百粒质量100 grain weight	0.114	0.418	-0.519
皮果比 Peel-to-fruit ratio	-0.675	0.170	0.357
籽果比 Seed-to-fruit ratio	0.154	-0.381	0.886
籽粒数 Number of seeds	0.312	-0.194	0.803
皮总酚 Total peel phenols	0.791	-0.531	-0.161
籽总酚 Total seed phenols	0.364	0.843	0.209
皮花色苷 Peel anthocyanins	0.818	-0.050	0.140
皮总黄酮 Total peel flavonoids	0.914	-0.186	-0.177
籽总黄酮 Total seed flavonoids	0.373	0.857	-0.005
皮黄烷醇 Peel flavanols	0.808	-0.397	-0.291
籽黄烷醇 Seed flavanols	0.597	0.751	0.006
皮单宁 Peel tannins	0.568	-0.503	-0.394
籽单宁 Seed tannins	0.526	0.722	0.127
特征值 Eigenvalue	4.893	3.651	2.759
贡献率/% Contribution rate	34.947	26.076	19.710
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate	34.947	61.023	80.733

处理 Treatment	主成分得分 Principal component score			综合评分 Comprehensive score	得分排序 Score ranking
处理 Treatment	Y₁（0.433 × PC₁）	Y₂（0.323 × PC₂）	Y₃（0.244 × PC₃）	Y = Y₁+ Y₂+ Y₃	得分排序 Score ranking
T1	-1.185	-0.518	0.185	-1.518	15
T2	-1.500	-0.576	-0.444	-2.520	16
T3	0.158	1.160	-0.479	0.839	5
T4	0.525	-1.087	-0.013	-0.575	11
T5	0.134	-0.081	0.222	0.275	7
T6	0.902	0.345	0.228	1.475	2
T7	0.121	0.288	-0.461	-0.052	10
T8	-0.207	0.734	-0.447	0.080	9
T9	0.019	0.725	0.467	1.211	3
T10	-0.901	-0.350	0.616	-0.635	12
T11	1.467	0.042	0.333	1.842	1
T12	-0.011	0.463	0.067	0.519	6
T13	0.054	-0.706	-0.750	-1.402	14
T14	-1.465	0.289	0.189	-0.987	13
T15	-0.061	-0.111	0.407	0.235	8
T16	1.948	-0.618	-0.121	1.209	4

生育期 Stage	器官 Organ	mg · g^-1
生育期 Stage	器官 Organ	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
盛花期 Full-bloom stage	花序 Inflorescence	26.61 ± 2.46 b	7.54 ± 1.74 a	27.35 ± 4.30 b	17.46 ± 5.90 b	4.31 ± 2.06 b
	叶片Leaf	32.63 ± 5.78 a	6.47 ± 1.62 ab	10.94 ± 0.82 cd	28.17 ± 5.57 b	3.72 ± 0.82 b
	叶柄Petiole	14.55 ± 3.09 c	7.05 ± 0.55 ab	25.83 ± 6.84 bc	28.02 ± 8.06 b	6.82 ± 4.36 ab
转色期 Veraison stage	果实Fruit	10.52 ± 1.21 cd	4.97 ± 1.87 ab	18.74 ± 1.18 bcd	15.51 ± 6.43 b	2.85 ± 1.22 b
	叶片Leaf	26.60 ± 4.67 b	5.76 ± 2.25 ab	18.34 ± 15.44 bcd	51.91 ± 17.64 a	6.60 ± 5.61 ab
	叶柄Petiole	9.19 ± 1.75 cd	6.50 ± 3.32 ab	42.08 ± 15.54 a	53.13 ± 6.26 a	11.54 ± 1.50 a
成熟期 Maturation stage	果实Fruit	7.61 ± 0.58 d	3.17 ± 1.36 b	15.46 ± 9.10 bcd	12.48 ± 16.91 b	3.59 ± 5.17 b
	叶片Leaf	24.30 ± 2.61 b	4.94 ± 2.29 ab	7.95 ± 0.94 d	53.03 ± 19.07 a	4.86 ± 2.44 b
	叶柄Petiole	8.21 ± 0.93 d	5.50 ± 2.24 ab	16.24 ± 3.03 bcd	54.58 ± 17.05 a	12.10 ± 2.21 a
生育期 Stage	器官 Organ	mg · kg^-1
生育期 Stage	器官 Organ	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cu	B	Mo
盛花期 Full-bloom stage	花序 Inflorescence	194.76 ± 50.51 bcd	80.60 ± 25.53 e	41.59 ± 8.98 bc	16.84 ± 3.73 c	28.43 ± 6.77 a	0.70 ± 0.18 bc
	叶片Leaf	277.48 ± 37.07 ab	233.82 ± 5.54 cd	37.58 ± 12.68 bcd	11.18 ± 5.09 c	27.32 ± 5.77 ab	1.21 ± 0.32 ab
	叶柄Petiole	84.14 ± 28.37 e	160.72 ± 36.21 de	35.46 ± 21.91 cd	9.43 ± 1.82 c	23.12 ± 4.74 abc	0.54 ± 0.33 c
转色期 Veraison stage	果实Fruit	91.78 ± 10.27 e	34.98 ± 9.12 e	15.30 ± 1.94 de	41.95 ± 18.44 c	22.89 ± 2.95 abc	0.34 ± 0.13 c
	叶片Leaf	305.05 ± 106.78 a	445.99 ± 140.82 b	59.73 ± 13.29 ab	1 006.81 ± 524.08 a	20.53 ± 7.45 abc	1.60 ± 0.21 a
	叶柄Petiole	108.37 ± 47.58 de	459.48 ± 119.71 b	65.01 ± 16.70 a	95.80 ± 40.21 c	18.36 ± 2.63 b	0.51 ± 0.20 c
成熟期 Maturation stage	果实Fruit	129.36 ± 81.56 cde	20.11 ± 5.83 e	11.81 ± 0.57 e	21.40 ± 7.17 c	18.56 ± 5.15 abc	0.27 ± 0.23 c
	叶片Leaf	221.86 ± 42.70 abc	359.41 ± 33.28 bc	42.39 ± 2.39 bc	504.93 ± 370.09 b	13.76 ± 3.85 c	1.44 ± 0.78 a
	叶柄Petiole	77.27 ± 3.67 e	682.62 ± 139.45 a	80.62 ± 14.29 a	64.00 ± 52.27 c	18.93 ± 4.57 abc	0.67 ± 0.20 bc

年份 Year	生育期 Stage	N/（mg · g^-1）	P/（mg · g^-1）	K/（mg · g^-1）	Ca/（mg · g^-1）	Mg/（mg · g^-1）
2019	萌芽期Germination stage	0.0995 ± 0.0083 c	0.7207 ± 0.0033 b	0.1111 ± 0.0107 b	0.6508 ± 0.0014 b	0.0307 ± 0.0008 d
	初花期Initial flowering stage	0.1099 ± 0.0087c	0.7652 ± 0.0315 b	0.1125 ± 0.0102 b	0.7118 ± 0.0125 a	0.0716 ± 0.0001 a
	末花期End bloom stage	0.1362 ± 0.0101 b	1.0121 ± 0.0945 a	0.1728 ± 0.0000 a	0.5684 ± 0.0044 c	0.0314 ± 0.0025 d
	转色期Veraison stage	0.1786 ± 0.0015 a	1.1401 ± 0.0626 a	0.1753 ± 0.0057 a	0.6024 ± 0.0381 c	0.0474 ± 0.0044 c
	成熟期Maturation stage	0.0659 ± 0.0010 d	1.0856 ± 0.0971 a	0.1260 ± 0.0108 b	0.5222 ± 0.0210 d	0.0567 ± 0.0045 b
2020	萌芽期Germination stage	0.0826 ± 0.0053 c	0.0471 ± 0.0010 bc	0.0497 ± 0.0045 d	7.4751 ± 0.2836 bc	0.3311 ± 0.0098 c
	初花期Initial flowering stage	0.0815 ± 0.0004 c	0.0279 ± 0.0026 d	0.1075 ± 0.0062 c	8.2173 ± 0.6376 ab	0.3646 ± 0.0320 c
	末花期End bloom stage	0.1078 ± 0.0002 a	0.0453 ± 0.0005 c	0.1020 ± 0.0031 c	7.2338 ± 0.2683 c	0.7397 ± 0.0120 b
	转色期Veraison stage	0.0950 ± 0.0089 b	0.0533 ± 0.0020 b	0.1494 ± 0.0043 a	8.8712 ± 0.2700 a	1.0688 ± 0.0480 a
	成熟期Maturation stage	0.0477 ± 0.0003 d	0.1097 ± 0.0070 a	0.1173 ± 0.0017 b	7.6929 ± 0.6675 bc	0.6979 ± 0.0168 b
2021	萌芽期Germination stage	0.1059 ± 0.0036 c	0.1530 ± 0.0031 c	0.2127 ± 0.0058 a	6.4961 ± 0.0290 b	0.7139 ± 0.0273 b
	初花期Initial flowering stage	0.1411 ± 0.0070 b	0.2389 ± 0.0200 a	0.1531 ± 0.0142 b	6.4551 ± 0.3399 b	0.5786 ± 0.0285 c
	末花期End bloom stage	0.1594 ± 0.0010 a	0.2219 ± 0.0209 ab	0.1399 ± 0.0132 bc	7.1421 ± 0.0727 a	0.6909 ± 0.0018 b
	转色期Veraison stage	0.1541 ± 0.0094 a	0.2159 ± 0.0066 ab	0.1267 ± 0.0126 d	7.1042 ± 0.3704 a	0.7596 ± 0.0014 a
	成熟期Maturation stage	0.0765 ± 0.0033 d	0.2026 ± 0.0004 b	0.1225 ± 0.0088 d	6.1230 ± 0.0166 b	0.5207 ± 0.0266 d

组织部位	元素	盛花期	转色期	成熟期
Tissue	Element	Full-bloom stage	Veraison stage	Maturation stage
花序/果实 Inflorescence/fruit	N	0.175	-0.401^**	-0.190
	P	0.767^**	0.527^**	0.361^*
	K	0.285^*	-0.305^*	-0.295^*
	Ca	0.421^**	0.291^*	0.379^**
	Mg	0.431^**	0.525^**	0.500^**
	Fe	0.442^**	-0.048	0.254
	Mn	0.370^**	0.317^*	0.087
	Zn	0.590^**	0.190	-0.140
	Cu	0.669^**	0.477^**	0.678^**
	B	0.786^**	0.374^**	0.512^**
	Mo	-0.336^*	0.511^**	0.642^**
叶片 Leaf	N	-0.616^**	-0.530^**	-0.405^**
	P	0.583^**	0.235	0.296^*
	K	0.413^**	0.223	0.315^*
	Ca	0.333^*	0.566^**	0.278
	Mg	0.460^**	0.530^**	0.483^**
	Fe	0.267	0.546^**	0.297^*
	Mn	0.261	0.787^**	0.369^**
	Zn	0.230	0.055	-0.017
	Cu	0.562^**	0.667^**	0.522^**
	B	0.619^**	0.617^**	0.319^*
	Mo	-0.653^**	-0.175	-0.445^**
叶柄 Petiole	N	0.450^**	-0.698^**	-0.396^**
	P	0.368^*	0.559^**	0.638^**
	K	-0.295^*	-0.055	-0.214
	Ca	0.205	0.510^**	0.562^**
	Mg	0.370^**	0.542^**	0.626^**
	Fe	-0.015	-0.187	0.059
	Mn	-0.186	-0.207	0.390^**
	Zn	-0.030	-0.638^**	0.326^*
	Cu	0.198	0.240	0.575^**
	B	0.157	-0.318^*	0.471^**
	Mo	-0.640^**	-0.520^**	-0.462^**

元素	萌芽期	初花期	末花期	转色期	成熟期
Element	Germination stage	Initial flowering stage	End bloom stage	Veraison stage	Maturation stage
N	-0.383^**	-0.362^*	-0.351^*	0.248	0.126
P	0.465^**	0.460^**	0.525^**	0.549^**	0.553^**
K	-0.598^**	-0.521^**	-0.365^*	0.178	-0.145
Ca	-0.532^**	-0.547^**	-0.563^**	-0.503^**	-0.632^**
Mg	-0.784^**	-0.744^**	-0.536^**	-0.543^**	-0.607^**

类型 Type	营养诊断因子 Nutritional diagnostic factor	高质园High quality orchard				低质园 Low quality orchard
类型 Type	营养诊断因子 Nutritional diagnostic factor	最低值/ （mg · g^-1） Min	最高值/ （mg · g^-1） Max	CNDr²	果园数量 Number of orchards	I_x	CNDr²	果园数量 Number of orchards
植株大中量元素 Plant macroel and medium element	转色期叶柄N Veraison stage-petiole N	5.38	11.00	5.14	7	0.08	10.15	41
	盛花期果实P Full-bloom stage-fruit P	5.45	10.88			-0.08
	盛花期叶片K Full-bloom stage-leaf K	6.73	39.75			-0.31
	转色期叶片Ca Veraison stage-leaf Ca	35.57	68.83			-0.52
	成熟期叶柄Mg Maturation stage-petiole Mg	9.30	24.63			0.52
植株微量元素 Plant trace element	转色期叶片Fe Veraison stage-leaf Fe	233.93 × 10^-3	398.83 × 10^-3	5.00	6	0.26	11.18	42
	转色期叶片Mn Veraison stage-leaf Mn	292.55 × 10^-3	520.30 × 10^-3			-0.61
	转色期叶柄Zn Veraison stage-petiole Zn	29.03 × 10^-3	73.65 × 10^-3			0.18
	成熟期果实Cu Maturation stage-fruit Cu	18.22 × 10^-3	28.93 × 10^-3			-0.05
	盛花期果实B Full-bloom stage-fruit B	20.52 × 10^-3	35.13 × 10^-3			-0.80
	盛花期叶片Mo Full-bloom stage-leaf Mo	0.78 × 10^-3	1.85 × 10^-3			0.32
土壤大中量元素 Soil macroel and medium element	萌芽期N Germination stage N	0.06	0.21	5.50	12	-0.29	6.83	36
	成熟期P Maturation stage P	0.08	1.17			-0.24
	萌芽期K Germination stage K	0.05	0.23			0.34
	成熟期Ca Maturation stage Ca	0.52	8.51			0.12
	萌芽期Mg Germination stage Mg	0.04	0.65			0.29

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Correlation Analysis of Fruit Quality and the Nutrient Level in Plant and Soil of Wine Grape‘Merlot’

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