‘紫雨桦’杂交子代的亲本配合力初步分析及选择

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0665

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以5年生20个杂交组合的桦树‘紫雨桦’杂交子代为研究对象，测定各杂交组合的生长、叶色及存活率等性状，利用WinNCⅡ软件对各性状进行配合力及效应值分析，采用隶属函数法并结合主成分分析综合评价各性状的优劣并选择优异亲本及杂交组合。分析结果表明，地径、叶色和存活率等性状在不同杂交组合子代家系间差异均达到了显著（P < 0.05）或极显著水平（P < 0.01）。各性状配合力效应值的分析结果显示，母本一般配合力效应值方差均达到显著或极显著水平，父本仅叶片红绿饱和度（a^*）性状效应值方差极显著；从父、母本各性状的一般配合力可知，母本的加性效应大多数大于父本，其方差分量在0.94% ~ 84.16%之间；由特殊配合力效应分析发现，特殊配合力对a^*的控制最强，为82.30%。依据杂种家系的生长、叶色及存活率性状的配合力效应值，最终选出M5和M1-34为优异父本，S3为优异母本，SZ-4 × M1和S3 × M5等为优异杂交组合。

关键词: 桦树, 叶色, 生长性状, 配合力

Abstract:

This study focused on the hybrid progeny of Betula pendula‘Purple Rain’from 20 five-year-old hybrid combinations，measuring traits such as growth，leaf color，and survival rate. The combining ability and effect values of these traits were analyzed using WinNCⅡsoftware. A comprehensive evaluation of the traits was conducted by applying the membership function method in conjunction with principal component analysis，leading to the selection of superior parents and hybrid combinations. Variance analysis revealed that traits such as ground diameter，leaf color，and survival rate showed significant（P < 0.05）or highly significant（P < 0.01）differences among the progeny families of different hybrid combinations. Variance analysis of combining ability effect values indicated that the variance of general combining ability（GCA）effect values for maternal traits was significant or highly significant，while only the variance of the paternal trait effect value for leaf color saturation（a^*）was highly significant. The GCA analysis suggested that the additive effects of the maternal parent were generally greater than those of the paternal parent，with variance components ranging from 0.94% to 84.16%. The analysis of specific combining ability（SCA）effects showed that SCA had the strongest influence on a^*，accounting for 82.30%. Based on the combining ability effect values for growth，leaf color，and survival rate traits in the hybrid progeny，M5 and M1-34 were selected as superior paternal parents，S3 as a superior maternal parent，and SZ-4 × M1 and S3 × M5 as superior hybrid combinations.

Key words: Betula, leaf color, growth trait, combining ability

张杰, 文浩雨, 马立新, 祝清超, 刘龙, 姜静, 刘桂丰. ‘紫雨桦’杂交子代的亲本配合力初步分析及选择[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(11): 2565-2574.

ZHANG Jie, WEN Haoyu, MA Lixin, ZHU Qingchao, LIU Long, JIANG Jing, and LIU Guifeng. Preliminary Analysis and Selection of Parental Combining Ability of Hybrid Progenies of Betula pendula‘Purple Rain’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2565-2574.

图/表 8

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母本 Female	父本 Male
母本 Female	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1-34	M2-18
SZ	√（1801）	√（1802）	√（1803）	√（1804）	√（1805）	√（1806）	√（1807）
SZ-4	√（1808）	√（1809）	√（1810）	√（1811）	√（1812）	√（1813）	√（1814）
S3	×（1815）	√（1816）	√（1817）	√（1818）	√（1819）	√（1820）	√（1821）

母本 Female	父本 Male
母本 Female	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1-34	M2-18
SZ	√（1801）	√（1802）	√（1803）	√（1804）	√（1805）	√（1806）	√（1807）
SZ-4	√（1808）	√（1809）	√（1810）	√（1811）	√（1812）	√（1813）	√（1814）
S3	×（1815）	√（1816）	√（1817）	√（1818）	√（1819）	√（1820）	√（1821）

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	均方 MS	期望均方 EMS
母本一般配合力General combining ability of female	n₁-1	M_gk	σ_e² + bσ_s² + bn₂σ_gk²
父本一般配合力General combining ability of male	n₂-1	M_gj	σ_e² + bσ_s² + bn₁σ_gk²
特殊配合力Special combining ability	(n₁-1)( n₂-1)	M_sgj	σ_e² + bσ_s²
机误Error	(b-1)( n₁n₂-1)	M_e	σ_e²

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	均方 MS	期望均方 EMS
母本一般配合力General combining ability of female	n₁-1	M_gk	σ_e² + bσ_s² + bn₂σ_gk²
父本一般配合力General combining ability of male	n₂-1	M_gj	σ_e² + bσ_s² + bn₁σ_gk²
特殊配合力Special combining ability	(n₁-1)( n₂-1)	M_sgj	σ_e² + bσ_s²
机误Error	(b-1)( n₁n₂-1)	M_e	σ_e²

变异来源 Source of variation	df	树高 Hight	地径 Diameter	花色苷相对含量 Relative content of anthocyanin	叶绿素相对含量 Relative content of chlorophyll	a^*	b^*	存活率 Survival rate
区组 Block	3	11.021	692.493^**	4.844^**	1.777	5.879^**	0.063	0.570
父本 Male（P1）	6	8.249	431.400	0.655	1.330	7.942^**	1.708	0.887
母本 Female（P2）	2	4.953	314.331^*	5.688^**	15.743^**	5.362^**	10.737^**	5.034^*
P2 × P1	12	19.320	468.721^*	2.132^*	1.906^*	6.581^**	1.590	0.849