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园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 791-810.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0537

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

柑橘倍性操作技术与育种现状、难点及展望

党江波1, 党江波1, 韩国辉2, 李彩3, 向素琼1, 郭启高1,*(), 梁国鲁1,*()   

  1. 1西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆 400715
    2重庆市农业科学院果树研究所,重庆 401329
    3重庆市涪陵区果品办公室,重庆 408000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-29 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 郭启高,梁国鲁 E-mail:qgguo@126.com;lianggl@swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    重庆博士后基金特别资助项目(XmT2018056);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(cstc2016jcyjA0046);重庆市科委社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2016shmszx12080003)

Ploidy Manipulation and Citrus Breeding:Current Status,Problems and Prospects

DANG Jiangbo1, CUI Lulu1, HAN Guohui2, LI Cai3, XIANG Suqiong1, GUO Qigao1,*(), LIANG Guolu1,*()   

  1. 1College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China
    2Fruit Tree Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing,401329,China
    3Fruit Office of Fuling District in Chongqing,Chongqing 408000,China
  • Received:2020-08-29 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-29
  • Contact: GUO Qigao,LIANG Guolu E-mail:qgguo@126.com;lianggl@swu.edu.cn

摘要:

柑橘染色体倍性操作技术研究与应用取得了较大进展:1. 三倍体、四倍体报道较多,已有三倍体、四倍体新品种发布;2. 部分四倍体作为砧木在控制树形、抗病、抗逆等方面有较好的表现;3. 单倍体、双单倍体用于柑橘基因组研究获得重大进展。但柑橘倍性操作仍面临一些难点:1. 童期长和珠心胚干扰影响多倍体新品种培育进度;2. 单倍体和双单倍体获得依然较难;3. 部分优质材料的育性低,以其多倍体为亲本的杂交育种受到限制。针对童期较长的问题,有必要应用缩短童期技术,或利用短童期资源对童期长的材料进行改良。针对珠心胚干扰的影响,应开发更多的单胚性四倍体材料,还可结合胚抢救、分子标记鉴定等方法提高多胚性四倍体为亲本创制三倍体的效率。关于将来柑橘倍性操作与育种研究的建议:1. 提高2n配子的产生频率,以开发更多的多倍体类型,尤其是单胚性品种多倍体创制;2. 发挥多倍体作为砧木的优势,促进砧木育种发展;3. 继续诱导和利用柑橘单倍体、双单倍体,以利于柑橘基因组、功能基因研究和育种;4. 以异源多倍体创制技术为基础,结合染色体操作技术培育仅带少量近缘物种基因组成分且具有目标性状的新种质。

关键词: 柑橘, 倍性操作, 四倍体, 三倍体, 单倍体

Abstract:

There have been some advanced progresses in ploidy manipulation of citrus. Firstly,numerous triploid and tetraploid have been reported,and some triploid and tetraploid varieties have been released. Secondly,Some tetraploid perform well in controlling tree shape,and being resistant to dieseases and stresses when used as rootstocks. Thirdly,haploid and dihaploid were used in genome researches of Citrus,and great achievements had been harvested. Nevertheless,there are still some difficulties in ploidy manipulation of citrus. Firstly,long juvenile phase and nucellar embryo affect the efficiency of new polyploid varieties breeding. Secondly,it is still difficult to obtain haploid and dihaploid,which limits the promotion of citrus genome researches and breeding. Thirdly,some polyploids with high qualities are lowly fertile,blocking the efficiency of breeding by using these materials. Regarding the problem of long juvenile phase in citrus polyploidy breeding,it is nessary to use new technologies of shortening it or to take advantage of germplasm resources with short juvenile phase. For overcoming the interference of nucellar embryo,it is nessary to develop more monoembryonic tetraploids. When using polyembryonic tetraploids as parents to produce triploids,embryo rescue,and molecular marker can be used to improve the breeding efficiency. At last,the authors suggested that ploidy manipulation in citrus could be extending in the following aspects:firstly,improving the frequency of 2n gamete production in order to develop more polyploid,especially monoembryonic types;secondly,the advantages of polyploid being used as rootstock and polyploid rootstock should be brought into play to promote the development of rootstock breeding;thirdly,continuing to induce haploid and dihaploid in order to accelerate genome research,functional gene research and breeding of citrus;fourthly,on the basis of allopolyploids and their creation technology,new materials with only small amount of alien genomic components and target traits could be bred by combining with chromosome manipulation techniques.

Key words: citrus, ploid manipulation, tetraploid, triploid, haploid

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