日光温室‘藤稔’葡萄更新修剪时期对其生长、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以日光温室3年生‘SO4’砧‘藤稔’葡萄为试材,设置3个更新修剪时间（采后10、20和30 d）,比较对植株生长和果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明：更新修剪均能促进当年冬芽萌发和新梢生长,但更新修剪过晚,导致重新发芽后新梢生长时间过短,枝条不充实;明显提早物候期,采后10和20 d更新修剪处理果实成熟期分别比对照早20和13 d;显著增加葡萄产量,采后10、20和30 d更新修剪处理葡萄株产分别达到3 610.3、3 372.8和2 874.5 g,显著高于对照的975.2 g;显著提高果实可溶性固形物与花色苷含量,降低可滴定酸含量,促进果实成熟与品质提升,且采后10和20 d更新修剪处理效果较好,采后30 d处理效果最差。

关键词: 葡萄, 设施栽培, 更新修剪时期, 果实品质

Abstract:

Three-year-old‘Fujiminori’grapes grafted on‘SO4’were grown in sunlight greenhouse and three renewal pruning treatments（10,20 and 30 days after harvest）were set to compare the effects on the growth and fruit quality of‘Fujiminori’grape. The results indicated that the renewal pruning treatments could promote the germination of winter buds and the growth of new shoots at various extent,but the late renewal pruning treatment led to the short growth time of new shoots and the incomplete development of branches. Renewal pruning could effectively advance the phenological period of grape,of which the ripening of grape berries could be advanced with 20 and 13 days by renewal pruning at 10 and 20 days after harvest,respectively. Three renewal pruning treatments significantly increased the grape yield per plant,reaching 3 610.3,3 372.8 and 2 874.5 g,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the control group（975.2 g）. Renewal pruning treatments effectively increased the total soluble solids and anthocyanin content of grape berries,decreased their titratable acid content,whereby promoting berry ripening and quality improvement. Renewal pruning treatments at 10 and 20 days after harvest showed more significant effect mentioned above than late renewal pruning（30 days after harvest）.

Key words: grape, installation cultivation, renewal pruning time, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

邹震, 于爱水, 任洪春, 战良, 刘更森, 冷翔鹏, 房经贵. 日光温室‘藤稔’葡萄更新修剪时期对其生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(12): 2471-2480.

ZOU Zhen, YU Aishui, REN Hongchun, ZHAN Liang, LIU Gengsen, LENG Xiangpeng, FANG Jinggui. Effect of Different Renewal Pruning Time on the Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of‘Fujiminori’Grapes in Sunlight Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2471-2480.

图/表 8

图1 葡萄采收后10、20和30 d更新修剪后冬芽萌芽和新梢生长情况

Fig. 1 The growth of winter buds and new shoots by renewal pruning at 10,20 and 30 days after grape harvest

图2 葡萄采收后10、20和30 d更新修剪后冬芽生长情况不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 2 The growth of winter buds by renewal pruning at 10,20 and 30 days after grape harvest Different letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）.

图3 不同时间更新修剪对新梢生长发育的影响 A：更新修剪后20 d新梢长度;B：2019年11月15日冬剪时新梢基部粗度;C：2019年9月10日新梢;D：2019年9月10日从基部开始第3节位。

Fig. 3 The effect of different renewal pruning time on the development of new shoots A：The length of new shoots 20 days after renewal pruning;B：The diameter of branches at winter pruning on November 15,2019;C：The new shoots on September 10,2019;D：The new shoots at the third node from the bottom of the stem on September 10,2019.

表1 葡萄采后10、20和30 d更新修剪处理对物候期的影响

Table 1 Effect of renewal pruning at 10,20 and 30 days after harvest on the phenological period of grape

采后天数 Days after harvest	萌芽期 Germination	开花期 Anthesis	转色期 Veraison	成熟期 Maturity
对照Control	2019-12-08	2020-01-20	2020-04-30	2020-05-25
10	2019-12-05	2020-01-15	2020-04-15	2020-05-05
20	2019-12-05	2020-01-17	2020-04-18	2020-05-12
30	2019-12-07	2020-01-18	2020-04-23	2020-05-20

图4 葡萄采后10、20和30 d更新修剪对翌年葡萄物候期的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of renewal pruning at 10,20 and 30 days after harvest on the phenological period of grape in the second year

图5 不同时间更新修剪处理对葡萄翌年冬芽生长发育的影响

Fig. 5 The effect of different renewal pruning on the growth status of grape winter buds in the second year

图6 葡萄采后10、20和30 d更新修剪对翌年葡萄商品果产量的影响

Fig. 6 The effect of different renewal pruning at 10,20 and 30 days after harvest on grape yield in the second year

表2 不同更新时间对翌年葡萄果实品质的影响

Table 2 Effects of different renewal pruning on grape berry quality in the second year

翌年采收时间/ （M-D） Harvest time in the second year	修剪时间/ （M-D） Renewal pruning time	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	横径/mm Traverse diameter	可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids	酸度/% Titratable acid	花色苷含量/ （mg · L^-1） Anthocyanin content
05-05	对照Control	13.21 ± 2.92 c	28.22 ± 2.45 c	26.60 ± 2.01 c	9.11 ± 1.30 g	2.93 ± 0.41 a	0.13 ± 0.02e
	06-06	21.02 ± 3.96 a	32.09 ± 2.56 a	30.96 ± 2.51 a	12.76 ± 0.84 b	2.00 ± 0.45 d	0.44 ± 0.02c
	06-16	19.75 ± 2.83 a	31.90 ± 1.81 ab	30.44 ± 2.21 ab	11.15 ± 0.78 d	2.50 ± 0.46 bc	0.32 ± 0.04d
	06-26	17.77 ± 2.77 b	30.34 ± 2.42 b	29.72 ± 1.67 ab	9.84 ± 1.23 f	2.99 ± 0.50 a	0.19 ± 0.03e
05-12	对照Control	13.55 ± 1.74 c	26.98 ± 1.80 c	26.64 ± 1.26 c	10.37 ± 0.78 ef	2.68 ± 0.41 ab	0.28 ± 0.02d
	06-06	20.62 ± 2.93 a	30.58 ± 2.07 ab	29.35 ± 2.17 b	13.23 ± 1.06 a	1.43 ± 0.44 e	0.76 ± 0.05a
	06-16	20.07 ± 2.74 a	30.80 ± 2.87 ab	29.60 ± 1.90 b	11.69 ± 0.80 c	2.25 ± 0.45 cd	0.56 ± 0.06b
	06-26	19.17 ± 2.14 ab	30.29 ± 2.38 b	29.86 ± 1.22 ab	10.75 ± 1.00 de	2.58 ± 0.56 b	0.41 ± 0.09c

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