园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1956-1968.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0408
林启芳, 刘婷婷, 刘洁茹, 蔡明, 程堂仁, 王佳, 张启翔, 潘会堂*()
收稿日期:
2021-06-02
修回日期:
2021-08-03
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-11-01
通讯作者:
潘会堂
E-mail:htpan@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIN Qifang, LIU Tingting, LIU Jieru, CAI Ming, CHENG Tangren, WANG Jia, ZHANG Qixiang, PAN Huitang*()
Received:
2021-06-02
Revised:
2021-08-03
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-11-01
Contact:
PAN Huitang
E-mail:htpan@bjfu.edu.cn
摘要:
为明确紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)和黄薇属(Heimia)的花色成分,探讨属间远缘杂交获得黄色花紫薇的可能性,以8个紫薇属种和品种与2种黄薇属植物的花瓣为材料,利用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡测量花色表型参数,采用超高效液相色谱—电喷雾电离—串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术对花瓣中类黄酮代谢物进行了定性和定量分析。8个紫薇属种和品种的花色分为红色、紫色与白色3个色系,共检测到158种类黄酮代谢物;2种黄薇属植物花色均为黄色系,共检测到138种类黄酮代谢物。黄薇属花瓣中芹菜素-4-O-鼠李糖苷、芹菜素-O-葡萄糖-O-鼠李糖、木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷(黄酮类)、山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷(黄酮醇类)的相对含量远高于紫薇属,推测是黄薇属植物花瓣呈黄色的主要色素。而紫薇属花瓣中共有的相对含量较低的类黄酮代谢物有32种,其红色系和紫色系花瓣中主要呈色色素为花青素苷,白色系花瓣中黄酮与黄酮醇类代谢物主要以木犀草素与槲皮素为苷元。类黄酮代谢途径的中间产物或最终物质积累量不同,是导致紫薇属与黄薇属植物花色差异的主要原因。
中图分类号:
林启芳, 刘婷婷, 刘洁茹, 蔡明, 程堂仁, 王佳, 张启翔, 潘会堂. 紫薇属与黄薇属植物花瓣类黄酮组成及含量分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(10): 1956-1968.
LIN Qifang, LIU Tingting, LIU Jieru, CAI Ming, CHENG Tangren, WANG Jia, ZHANG Qixiang, PAN Huitang. Flavonoids Composition and Content in Petals of Lagerstroemia and Heimia Species and Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1956-1968.
材料Material | 比色卡代码 R.H.S.C.C code | 色系 Color group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
属Genus | 种Species | 品种Variety | 编号ID | ||
紫薇属Lagerstroemia | 屋久岛紫薇 L. fauriei | WJD | White NN155D | 白White | |
紫薇L. indica | Sarah Favorit | M7 | White NN155D | 白White | |
Dallas Red | M5 | Red 45B | 红Red | ||
千层绯雪Qianceng Feixue | QC | Red 54B | 红Red | ||
William Toovey | M20 | Red 51A | 红Red | ||
Centennial Spirit | M19 | Greyed-purple 187D | 紫Violet | ||
Catawba | M11 | Purple-violet N81A | 紫Violet | ||
Apalachee | M55 | Violet 84A | 紫Violet | ||
黄薇属Heimia | 柳叶黄薇H. salicifolia | Hs | Yellow-orange 14A | 黄Yellow | |
黄薇 H. myrtifolia | Hm | Yellow-orange 14A | 黄Yellow |
表1 紫薇属与黄薇属花瓣比色结果
Table 1 The results of petal colorimetry of Lagerstroemia and Heimia
材料Material | 比色卡代码 R.H.S.C.C code | 色系 Color group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
属Genus | 种Species | 品种Variety | 编号ID | ||
紫薇属Lagerstroemia | 屋久岛紫薇 L. fauriei | WJD | White NN155D | 白White | |
紫薇L. indica | Sarah Favorit | M7 | White NN155D | 白White | |
Dallas Red | M5 | Red 45B | 红Red | ||
千层绯雪Qianceng Feixue | QC | Red 54B | 红Red | ||
William Toovey | M20 | Red 51A | 红Red | ||
Centennial Spirit | M19 | Greyed-purple 187D | 紫Violet | ||
Catawba | M11 | Purple-violet N81A | 紫Violet | ||
Apalachee | M55 | Violet 84A | 紫Violet | ||
黄薇属Heimia | 柳叶黄薇H. salicifolia | Hs | Yellow-orange 14A | 黄Yellow | |
黄薇 H. myrtifolia | Hm | Yellow-orange 14A | 黄Yellow |
图2 紫薇属及黄薇属花瓣样品中类黄酮物质相对含量热图 材料详见表1。代谢物相对含量采用归一化处理,从蓝色到红色的颜色序列表明代谢物含量从低到高。
Fig. 2 Heatmap of relative content of flavonoids in the of petals of Lagerstroemia and Heimia Materials are shown in Table 1. The metabolite relative content data were normalized,with the increase in the relative content,the color of the bar from blue to red presents the metabolite content from low to high.
图3 紫薇属与黄薇属样品花瓣中类黄酮聚类热图 材料详见表1;代谢物相对含量采用归一化处理,从蓝色到红色的颜色序列表明代谢物含量从低到高。
Fig. 3 Cluster heatmap of flavonoids in the petals of Lagerstroemia and Heimia Materials are shown in Table 1,the metabolite relative content data were normalized,with the increase in the relative content,the color of the bar from blue to red presents the metabolite content from low to high.
图4 紫薇属和黄薇属4个色系组间类黄酮代谢物(a)及各比较组间显著差异类黄酮代谢物(b)韦恩图 R:红色系,V:紫色系,W:白色系,Y:黄色系。
Fig. 4 Venn diagram of flavonoid metabolites for each group(a)and differential flavonoid metabolites for each comparison group(b)of Lagerstroemia and Heimia R:Red series,V:Violet series,W:White series,Y:Yellow series.
二级分类 Secondary classification | 物质 Compounds | 前体离子/D Q1 | 相对分子质量/D Molecular weight | 分子式 Formula |
---|---|---|---|---|
二氢黄酮类 Dihydroflavone | 圣草次苷 Eriocitrin | 595.17 | 596.146 | C27H32O15 |
圣草酚 Eriodictyol | 287.06 | 288.053 | C15H12O6 | |
芸香柚皮苷 Narirutin | 581.18 | 580.152 | C27H32O14 | |
黄杞苷 Engeletin | 433.12 | 434.102 | C21H22O10 | |
落新妇苷 Astilbin | 449.10 | 450.096 | C21H22O11 | |
紫杉叶素 Taxifolin | 303.06 | 304.047 | C15H12O7 | |
黄酮类 Flavone | 3′,4′,7-三羟基黄酮 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone | 271.06 | 270.044 | C15H10O5 |
5,6-二羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮 Ladanein | 315.08 | 314.067 | C17H14O6 | |
高车前素 Hispidulin | 301.07 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 | |
木犀草素 Luteolin | 287.05 | 286.038 | C15H10O6 | |
木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside | 595.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
芹菜素 Apigenin | 271.06 | 270.044 | C15H10O5 | |
芹菜素-4-O-鼠李糖苷Apigenin-4-O-rhamnoside | 415.10 | 416.093 | C21H20O9 | |
芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 431.10 | 432.088 | C21H20O10 | |
芹菜素-7-O-(6-O-丙二酰基葡萄糖苷) Apigenin-7-O-(6-O-Malonyl Glucoside) | 519.11 | 518.085 | C24H22O13 | |
芹菜素-7-O-(6′-O-乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin-7-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside | 475.12 | 474.096 | C23H22O11 | |
芹菜素-O-葡萄糖-O-鼠李糖 Apigenin-O-Glucoside-O-rhamnoside | 579.16 | 578.163 | C27H30O14 | |
香叶木素 Diosmetin | 299.06 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 | |
香叶木素-7-O-半乳糖苷 Diosmetin-7-O-galactoside | 463.12 | 462.096 | C22H22O11 | |
新奥司明 Neodiosmin | 609.18 | 608.146 | C28H32O15 | |
异野漆树苷 Apigenin 7-rutinoside(Isorhoifolin) | 579.16 | 578.137 | C27H30O14 | |
黄酮醇类 Flavonols | 3,7-氧-基槲皮素 Di-O-methylquercetin | 329.10 | 330.061 | C17H14O7 |
番泻叶山奈苷 Kaempferin | 431.00 | 432.088 | C21H20O10 | |
山奈酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside | 593.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol-7-O-glucosdie | 447.09 | 448.082 | C21H20O11 | |
山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | 595.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
烟花苷(山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷) Nicotiflorin(Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) | 593.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
紫云英苷(山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷) Astragalin(Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) | 447.10 | 448.082 | C21H20O11 | |
黄烷醇类 Flavanols | (-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯 (-)-Epicatechin gallate | 441.30 | 442.073 | C22H18O10 |
(-)-儿茶素没食子酸酯 (-)-Catechin gallate | 441.30 | 442.073 | C22H18O10 | |
儿茶素 Catechin | 289.08 | 290.067 | C15H14O6 | |
异黄酮类 Isoflavones | 红车轴草素 Pratensein | 301.07 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 |
表2 紫薇属比黄薇属花瓣中相对含量较低的32种类黄酮
Table 2 A list of flavonoids with low content in the petals of Lagerstroemia compare with Heimia
二级分类 Secondary classification | 物质 Compounds | 前体离子/D Q1 | 相对分子质量/D Molecular weight | 分子式 Formula |
---|---|---|---|---|
二氢黄酮类 Dihydroflavone | 圣草次苷 Eriocitrin | 595.17 | 596.146 | C27H32O15 |
圣草酚 Eriodictyol | 287.06 | 288.053 | C15H12O6 | |
芸香柚皮苷 Narirutin | 581.18 | 580.152 | C27H32O14 | |
黄杞苷 Engeletin | 433.12 | 434.102 | C21H22O10 | |
落新妇苷 Astilbin | 449.10 | 450.096 | C21H22O11 | |
紫杉叶素 Taxifolin | 303.06 | 304.047 | C15H12O7 | |
黄酮类 Flavone | 3′,4′,7-三羟基黄酮 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone | 271.06 | 270.044 | C15H10O5 |
5,6-二羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮 Ladanein | 315.08 | 314.067 | C17H14O6 | |
高车前素 Hispidulin | 301.07 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 | |
木犀草素 Luteolin | 287.05 | 286.038 | C15H10O6 | |
木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷 Luteolin-7-O-rutinoside | 595.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
芹菜素 Apigenin | 271.06 | 270.044 | C15H10O5 | |
芹菜素-4-O-鼠李糖苷Apigenin-4-O-rhamnoside | 415.10 | 416.093 | C21H20O9 | |
芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 431.10 | 432.088 | C21H20O10 | |
芹菜素-7-O-(6-O-丙二酰基葡萄糖苷) Apigenin-7-O-(6-O-Malonyl Glucoside) | 519.11 | 518.085 | C24H22O13 | |
芹菜素-7-O-(6′-O-乙酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin-7-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside | 475.12 | 474.096 | C23H22O11 | |
芹菜素-O-葡萄糖-O-鼠李糖 Apigenin-O-Glucoside-O-rhamnoside | 579.16 | 578.163 | C27H30O14 | |
香叶木素 Diosmetin | 299.06 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 | |
香叶木素-7-O-半乳糖苷 Diosmetin-7-O-galactoside | 463.12 | 462.096 | C22H22O11 | |
新奥司明 Neodiosmin | 609.18 | 608.146 | C28H32O15 | |
异野漆树苷 Apigenin 7-rutinoside(Isorhoifolin) | 579.16 | 578.137 | C27H30O14 | |
黄酮醇类 Flavonols | 3,7-氧-基槲皮素 Di-O-methylquercetin | 329.10 | 330.061 | C17H14O7 |
番泻叶山奈苷 Kaempferin | 431.00 | 432.088 | C21H20O10 | |
山奈酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside | 593.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol-7-O-glucosdie | 447.09 | 448.082 | C21H20O11 | |
山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside | 595.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
烟花苷(山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷) Nicotiflorin(Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) | 593.16 | 594.132 | C27H30O15 | |
紫云英苷(山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷) Astragalin(Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) | 447.10 | 448.082 | C21H20O11 | |
黄烷醇类 Flavanols | (-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯 (-)-Epicatechin gallate | 441.30 | 442.073 | C22H18O10 |
(-)-儿茶素没食子酸酯 (-)-Catechin gallate | 441.30 | 442.073 | C22H18O10 | |
儿茶素 Catechin | 289.08 | 290.067 | C15H14O6 | |
异黄酮类 Isoflavones | 红车轴草素 Pratensein | 301.07 | 300.053 | C16H12O6 |
图5 紫薇属与黄薇属花瓣类黄酮代谢途径 紫色框表示紫色系花主要代谢途径,红色框表示红色系花主要代谢途径,黄色框表示黄色花主要代谢途径,虚线框表示白色花主要代谢途径;CHS:查尔酮合成酶;CHI:查尔酮异构酶;FNS1/2:黄酮合成酶1/2;F3H:黄烷酮-3-羟化酶;F3’H:类黄酮-3-羟化酶;F3’5’H:类黄酮3’5’-羟化酶;FLS:黄酮醇合成酶;DFR:二氢黄酮醇还原酶;ANS:花青素合成酶;3GT:类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶;MT:转甲基酶。(乔小燕 等,2009;袁媛,2015)。
Fig. 5 Metabolic pathways of flavonoids in the petals Lagerstroemia and Heimia The purple boxes represent the main metabolic pathways of the purple flowers,the red boxes represent the main metabolic pathways of the red flowers,the yellow boxes represent the main metabolic pathways of the yellow flowers,and the dotted boxes represent the main metabolic pathways of the white flowers. CHS:Chalcone Synthase;CHI:Chalcone Isomerase;FNS1/2:Flavone Synthase1/2;F3H:Flavanone-3-hydroxylase;F3′H:Flavonoid-3-hydroxylase;F3′5′H:Flavonoid-3,5-hydroxylase;FLS:Flavonol synthase;DFR:Dihydroflavanol-4-reductase;ANS:Anthocyanin synthase;3GT:Flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase;MT:Methylferase.(Qiao et al.,2009;Yuan,2015).
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