糖基转移酶在花瓣色泽形成中的作用研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0636

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

糖基转移酶属于催化糖基转移反应的超基因家族的一类酶。糖基化修饰能丰富花青素的结构,调节其水溶性、稳定性和可转运性,决定植物色泽形成。对参与观赏植物花色素成分合成代谢的糖基转移酶的种类及其生化、分子生物学研究进行梳理,并对其在蓝紫色、橙色–紫红色以及黄色等主要花瓣色泽形成中的作用进行归纳,展望色泽相关糖基转移酶的研究方向,以期为深入解析花色素物质的糖基化修饰机理提供参考,也为观赏植物花色改良提供新思路。

关键词: 观赏植物, 花色, 糖基转移酶, 功能特性

Abstract:

Glycosyltransferases belong to a super gene family that catalyze glycosylation. Glycosylation modifications could enrich the structure of anthocyanidins,regulate its water solubility,stability and transportability,which are considered as important steps for petal color determinant. In this research,we reviewed the categories,biochemical and molecular biology of glycosyltransferases involved in the pigment metabolism in ornamental plants. In addition,the effects of some glycosyltransferases in the pigmentation of differently colored petals,such as blue-violet,orange to purplish red and yellow,are summarized. Finally,further research hotspots of pigmentation related glycosyltransferases are prospected. The results are expected to provide a reference for further understanding of the mechanism of glycosylations,and shed lights to the improvement of ornamental plant flower color through molecular breeding strategy.

Key words: ornamental plant, flower color, glycosyltransferase, functional characterization

中图分类号:

周琳, 邹红竹, 韩璐璐, 贾莹华, 王雁. 糖基转移酶在花瓣色泽形成中的作用研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(3): 687-700.

ZHOU Lin, ZOU Hongzhu, HAN Lulu, JIA Yinghua, WANG Yan. Research Progress on the Role of Glycosyltransferases in Color Formation of Petals[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(3): 687-700.

图/表 3

参考文献 107

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花色类型 Flower color type	物种 Species	糖基转移酶 GT	登录号 Acession number	底物 Acceptor substrate	糖供体 Donor substrate	产物 Product
蓝紫色 Blue-violet	三花龙胆¹ Gentiana triflora	3'GT	AB076697	飞燕草素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3,5,3'-O-三葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3,5,3'-O- triglucoside
	三花龙胆¹ Gentiana triflora	Gt5GT7	AB363839	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-diglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
	蝶豆² Clitoria ternatea	UA3'5'GT	_	飞燕草素3-O-（6''-O-丙二酰基）-β-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-(6"-O- malonyl)-β-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素 3-O-（6''-O-丙二酰基）-β-葡萄糖基-3', 5'-双-O-β-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside-3',5'-di-O-β-glucoside
	婆婆纳³ Veronica persica	UGT88D8	AB465708	芹菜素 Apigenin	UDP-葡萄糖醛酸 UDP-glucuronate	芹菜素7-O-（2-O-葡萄糖醛酸基）-葡萄糖醛酸苷Apigenin 7-O-(2-O-glucuronosyl)- glucuronide
	婆婆纳³ Veronica persica	UGT94F1	AB514127	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-槐糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside
	矮牵牛⁴ Petunia hybrida	PH1	AB027455	飞燕草素3-（p-酰基）-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-（p-coumaroyl）-rutinoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3-（p-酰基）-芸香糖基-5-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)- rutinoside-5-O-glucoside
	六倍利⁵ Lobelia erinus	ABRT2,ABRT4	BAU68118,BAU68119	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-鼠李糖UDP-rhamnose	飞燕草素3-O-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside
	紫花鸢尾⁶ Iris ensata	5GT	_	花青素3-O-鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷Anthocyanidin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	花青素3-O-鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷Anthocyanidin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside-5-O- glucoside
	飞燕草⁷ Delphinium grandiflorum	AA7GT	AB510758	飞燕草素-3-O-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside	对羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖p-hydroxybenzoyl-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-芸香糖苷-7- O-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside
	飞燕草⁷ Delphinium grandiflorum	AA7BG-GT1,AA7BG-GT2	AB811444,AB811447	飞燕草素3-O-芸香苷-7-O-（6-O-[对羟基苯甲酰基]-葡萄糖苷）Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside- 7-O-(6-O-[p-hydroxybenzoyl]-glucoside)	对羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖p-hydroxybenzoyl-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-芸香苷-7-O-（6-O-（4-O-（葡萄糖基）-氧苯甲酰基）-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside- 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside
	百子莲⁸ Agapanthus africanus	AaAA7GT	AB692769	花青素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Anthocyanidin 3-O-glycosides	酰基葡萄糖acyl-glucose	花青素3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷 Anthocyanidin 3,7-O-diglucoside
橙色—紫红色Orange-	美女樱⁹ Verbena hybrida	5GT	AB013598	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
purplish red	牵牛花¹⁰ Ipomoea purpurea	3GT	LC019110	矢车菊素 Cyanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
	玫瑰¹¹ Rosa hybrida	RhGT1	AB201048	矢车菊素、矢车菊素5- O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin,Cyanidin 5-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素5-O-葡萄糖苷, 矢车菊素3,5-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 5-O-glucoside,Cyanidin 3,5-O-glucoside
	小苍兰¹² Freesia hybrid	Fh3GT1	HM590645	矢车菊素 Cyanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
	雏菊¹³ Bellis perennis	BpUGAT	AB190262	矢车菊素3-O-6''-O-丙二酰葡糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-6''-O-malonylglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖醛酸UDP-glucuronate	矢车菊素3-O-2''-O-β-葡糖醛酸基-6''-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-2''-O-β- glucuronosyl-6''-O-malonylglucoside
花色类型 Flower color type	物种 Species	糖基转移酶 GT	登录号 Acession number	底物 Acceptor substrate	糖供体 Donor substrate	产物 Product
	香石竹¹⁴ Dianthus caryophyllus	AA5GT	AB646510	天竺葵素3-葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside	酰基葡萄糖acyl-glucose	天竺葵素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
	岩桐¹⁵ Sinningia ccardinalis	dA5GT	AB537182	木犀草素、芹菜素Luteolinidin,apigeninidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	木犀草素5-O-葡萄糖苷, 芹菜素5-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside,apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside
	彩虹菊¹⁶ Dorotheanthus bellidiformis	Betanidin 5GT,betanidin 6GT	Y18871,AF374004	甜菜苷元 Betanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	甜菜红素 Betacyanin
	紫茉莉¹⁷ Mirabilis jalapa	MjcDOPA5GT	AB182643	环多巴 cyclo-DOPA	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	环多巴5-O-葡萄糖苷 cDOPA 5-O-glucoside
	鸡冠花¹⁸ Celosia cristata	CccDOPA5GT	AB182644	环多巴 cyclo-DOPA	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	环多巴5-O-葡萄糖苷 cDOPA 5-O-glucoside
黄色 Yellow	香石竹¹⁹ Dianthus caryophyllus	DicGT4,DicGT5	AB191248,AB191249	查耳酮 Chalcone	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	查耳酮2'-O-糖苷 Chalcone 2'-O-glucoside
	金鱼草²⁰ Antirrhinum majus	Am4'CGT	AB198665	查耳酮 Chalcone	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	查耳酮4'-O-糖苷 Chalcone 4'-O-glucoside
	番红花²¹ Crocus sativus	UGTCs2,UGTCs3	AY262037,AY290820	西红花酸 Crocetin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	西红花苷 Crocin

花色类型 Flower color type	物种 Species	糖基转移酶 GT	登录号 Acession number	底物 Acceptor substrate	糖供体 Donor substrate	产物 Product
蓝紫色 Blue-violet	三花龙胆¹ Gentiana triflora	3'GT	AB076697	飞燕草素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3,5,3'-O-三葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3,5,3'-O- triglucoside
	三花龙胆¹ Gentiana triflora	Gt5GT7	AB363839	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-diglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
	蝶豆² Clitoria ternatea	UA3'5'GT	_	飞燕草素3-O-（6''-O-丙二酰基）-β-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-(6"-O- malonyl)-β-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素 3-O-（6''-O-丙二酰基）-β-葡萄糖基-3', 5'-双-O-β-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl)-β-glucoside-3',5'-di-O-β-glucoside
	婆婆纳³ Veronica persica	UGT88D8	AB465708	芹菜素 Apigenin	UDP-葡萄糖醛酸 UDP-glucuronate	芹菜素7-O-（2-O-葡萄糖醛酸基）-葡萄糖醛酸苷Apigenin 7-O-(2-O-glucuronosyl)- glucuronide
	婆婆纳³ Veronica persica	UGT94F1	AB514127	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-槐糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside
	矮牵牛⁴ Petunia hybrida	PH1	AB027455	飞燕草素3-（p-酰基）-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-（p-coumaroyl）-rutinoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	飞燕草素3-（p-酰基）-芸香糖基-5-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)- rutinoside-5-O-glucoside
	六倍利⁵ Lobelia erinus	ABRT2,ABRT4	BAU68118,BAU68119	飞燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-鼠李糖UDP-rhamnose	飞燕草素3-O-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside
	紫花鸢尾⁶ Iris ensata	5GT	_	花青素3-O-鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷Anthocyanidin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	花青素3-O-鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷Anthocyanidin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside-5-O- glucoside
	飞燕草⁷ Delphinium grandiflorum	AA7GT	AB510758	飞燕草素-3-O-芸香糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside	对羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖p-hydroxybenzoyl-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-芸香糖苷-7- O-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside
	飞燕草⁷ Delphinium grandiflorum	AA7BG-GT1,AA7BG-GT2	AB811444,AB811447	飞燕草素3-O-芸香苷-7-O-（6-O-[对羟基苯甲酰基]-葡萄糖苷）Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside- 7-O-(6-O-[p-hydroxybenzoyl]-glucoside)	对羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖p-hydroxybenzoyl-Glc	飞燕草素3-O-芸香苷-7-O-（6-O-（4-O-（葡萄糖基）-氧苯甲酰基）-葡萄糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside- 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside
	百子莲⁸ Agapanthus africanus	AaAA7GT	AB692769	花青素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Anthocyanidin 3-O-glycosides	酰基葡萄糖acyl-glucose	花青素3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷 Anthocyanidin 3,7-O-diglucoside
橙色—紫红色Orange-	美女樱⁹ Verbena hybrida	5GT	AB013598	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
purplish red	牵牛花¹⁰ Ipomoea purpurea	3GT	LC019110	矢车菊素 Cyanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
	玫瑰¹¹ Rosa hybrida	RhGT1	AB201048	矢车菊素、矢车菊素5- O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin,Cyanidin 5-O-glucoside	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素5-O-葡萄糖苷, 矢车菊素3,5-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 5-O-glucoside,Cyanidin 3,5-O-glucoside
	小苍兰¹² Freesia hybrid	Fh3GT1	HM590645	矢车菊素 Cyanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
	雏菊¹³ Bellis perennis	BpUGAT	AB190262	矢车菊素3-O-6''-O-丙二酰葡糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-6''-O-malonylglucoside	UDP-葡萄糖醛酸UDP-glucuronate	矢车菊素3-O-2''-O-β-葡糖醛酸基-6''-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-2''-O-β- glucuronosyl-6''-O-malonylglucoside
花色类型 Flower color type	物种 Species	糖基转移酶 GT	登录号 Acession number	底物 Acceptor substrate	糖供体 Donor substrate	产物 Product
	香石竹¹⁴ Dianthus caryophyllus	AA5GT	AB646510	天竺葵素3-葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside	酰基葡萄糖acyl-glucose	天竺葵素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside
	岩桐¹⁵ Sinningia ccardinalis	dA5GT	AB537182	木犀草素、芹菜素Luteolinidin,apigeninidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	木犀草素5-O-葡萄糖苷, 芹菜素5-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside,apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside
	彩虹菊¹⁶ Dorotheanthus bellidiformis	Betanidin 5GT,betanidin 6GT	Y18871,AF374004	甜菜苷元 Betanidin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	甜菜红素 Betacyanin
	紫茉莉¹⁷ Mirabilis jalapa	MjcDOPA5GT	AB182643	环多巴 cyclo-DOPA	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	环多巴5-O-葡萄糖苷 cDOPA 5-O-glucoside
	鸡冠花¹⁸ Celosia cristata	CccDOPA5GT	AB182644	环多巴 cyclo-DOPA	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	环多巴5-O-葡萄糖苷 cDOPA 5-O-glucoside
黄色 Yellow	香石竹¹⁹ Dianthus caryophyllus	DicGT4,DicGT5	AB191248,AB191249	查耳酮 Chalcone	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	查耳酮2'-O-糖苷 Chalcone 2'-O-glucoside
	金鱼草²⁰ Antirrhinum majus	Am4'CGT	AB198665	查耳酮 Chalcone	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	查耳酮4'-O-糖苷 Chalcone 4'-O-glucoside
	番红花²¹ Crocus sativus	UGTCs2,UGTCs3	AY262037,AY290820	西红花酸 Crocetin	UDP-葡萄糖 UDP-Glc	西红花苷 Crocin