外源褪黑素和多巴胺对干旱胁迫下苹果养分吸收及抗旱性的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以天红2号/平邑甜茶嫁接苗为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，设置中度干旱和正常供水，结合不施加外源物质、施加褪黑素（100 μmol · L^-1）或多巴胺（100 μmol · L^-1）3种处理方式，共计6个处理，处理60 d后测定苹果植株各部分干质量、矿质元素含量、吸收通量、转移速率和积累量，分析外源褪黑素和多巴胺对干旱胁迫下苹果养分吸收利用的调控作用。同时采用主成分分析和隶属函数法对抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明，干旱胁迫显著降低了根、茎和叶的干质量，矿质元素吸收及在根中的积累量；显著抑制了矿质元素向叶和茎中的转移速率。外源施加褪黑素和多巴胺显著提高了干旱胁迫下苹果植株各部分的干质量和对矿质元素的吸收量，同时提高了矿质元素向叶和茎中的转移速率和在根中的积累量。矿质元素含量与器官干质量及氮磷钾含量等存在显著或极显著相关；施加褪黑素的植株抗旱性优于多巴胺。综上，褪黑素和多巴胺可通过调控养分吸收利用提高其抗旱性，且褪黑素效果优于多巴胺。

关键词: 苹果, 耐旱性, 褪黑素, 多巴胺, 养分吸收, 综合评价

Abstract:

Using grafted seedlings of‘Tianhong 2’/Malus hupehensis as experimental materials，a pot experiment was conducted with two water regimes（moderate drought and normal water supply）combined with three exogenous treatments：no exogenous substance application，melatonin application （100 μmol · L^-1），and dopamine application（100 μmol · L^-1），resulting in six treatments in total. After 60 days of treatment，the dry weight of each plant part，mineral element contents，uptake flux，translocation rate，and accumulation amount were measured. The regulatory effects of exogenous melatonin and dopamine on nutrient uptake and utilization in apple plants under drought stress were analyzed. Meanwhile，principal component analysis and the membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate drought resistance. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased the dry weight of roots，stems，and leaves，reduced mineral element uptake and their accumulation in roots，and significantly inhibited the translocation rates of mineral elements to leaves and stems. Exogenous application of melatonin and dopamine significantly increased the dry weight of each plant part and the uptake of mineral elements under drought stress，and simultaneously enhanced the translocation rates of mineral elements to leaves and stems as well as their accumulation in roots. Mineral element contents were significantly or highly significantly correlated with organ dry weight and nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium content. The drought resistance of plants treated with melatonin was higher than that of plants treated with dopamine. In conclusion，melatonin and dopamine can promote apple plant growth and improve drought resistance by regulating nutrient uptake and utilization，with melatonin being more effective than dopamine.

Key words: apple, drought tolerance, melatonin, dopamine, nutrient uptake, comprehensive evaluation

孙楠, 刘怀特, 曹扬, 杜培华, 张学英, 梁博文. 外源褪黑素和多巴胺对干旱胁迫下苹果养分吸收及抗旱性的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(7): 2092-2106.

SUN Nan, LIU Huaite, CAO Yang, DU Peihua, ZHANG Xueying, LIANG Bowen. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin and Dopamine on Nutrient Absorption and Drought Resistance Evaluation of Apple Plants Under Drought Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2092-2106.

图/表 11

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水分 Water	处理 Treatment	叶干质量/（g · plant^-1） Leaf dry weight	茎干质量/（g · plant^-1） Stem dry weight	根干质量/（g · plant^-1） Root dry weight
正常	CK	15.60 ± 0.71 a	18.29 ± 0.75 a	57.06 ± 0.98 a
Normal	MCK	16.24 ± 0.63 a	19.20 ± 0.98 a	60.23 ± 1.26 a
	DCK	16.01 ± 0.91 a	18.60 ± 0.77 a	58.71 ± 4.14 a
中度干旱	DT	8.43 ± 0.42 c	8.74 ± 0.40 d	43.68 ± 4.07 c
Moderate	MDT	10.98 ± 0.69 b	14.73 ± 1.55 b	50.48 ± 4.45 b
drought	DDT	12.11 ± 1.25 b	12.15 ± 1.08 c	47.62 ± 4.57 bc

水分 Water	处理 Treatment	叶干质量/（g · plant^-1） Leaf dry weight	茎干质量/（g · plant^-1） Stem dry weight	根干质量/（g · plant^-1） Root dry weight
正常	CK	15.60 ± 0.71 a	18.29 ± 0.75 a	57.06 ± 0.98 a
Normal	MCK	16.24 ± 0.63 a	19.20 ± 0.98 a	60.23 ± 1.26 a
	DCK	16.01 ± 0.91 a	18.60 ± 0.77 a	58.71 ± 4.14 a
中度干旱	DT	8.43 ± 0.42 c	8.74 ± 0.40 d	43.68 ± 4.07 c
Moderate	MDT	10.98 ± 0.69 b	14.73 ± 1.55 b	50.48 ± 4.45 b
drought	DDT	12.11 ± 1.25 b	12.15 ± 1.08 c	47.62 ± 4.57 bc

水分 Water	处理 Treatment	N/（mg · g^-1）	P/（mg · g^-1）	K/（mg · g^-1）	Ca/（mg · g^-1）	Mg/（mg · g^-1）
正常	CK	21.30 ± 0.74 b	4.79 ± 0.49 bc	21.67 ± 1.12 a	11.99 ± 0.87 ab	5.70 ± 0.07 a
Normal	MCK	23.98 ± 0.77 a	5.07 ± 0.37 ab	20.20 ± 0.24 b	12.41 ± 0.44 a	5.71 ± 0.10 a
	DCK	23.19 ± 0.76 a	5.44 ± 0.11 a	19.38 ± 0.40 b	11.27 ± 0.26 bc	5.48 ± 0.27 a
中度干旱	DT	17.66 ± 0.70 c	3.76 ± 0.38 d	19.59 ± 0.22 b	11.04 ± 0.10 c	5.49 ± 0.40 a
Moderate	MDT	18.38 ± 0.94 c	4.24 ± 0.21 cd	19.56 ± 0.70 b	11.28 ± 0.39 bc	5.81 ± 0.26 a
drought	DDT	18.70 ± 0.63 c	4.50 ± 0.38 bc	15.93 ± 0.18 c	11.23 ± 0.44 bc	5.43 ± 0.07 a
水分 Water	处理 Treatment	Fe/（μg · g^-1）	Mn/（μg · g^-1）	Cu/（μg · g^-1）	Zn/（μg · g^-1）	B/（μg · g^-1）
正常	CK	73.00 ± 4.10 bc	12.21 ± 0.45 bc	52.33 ± 1.18 d	14.59 ± 1.14 c	16.80 ± 0.67 ab
Normal	MCK	75.80 ± 2.62 b	13.30 ± 0.11 a	80.31 ± 1.64 a	35.78 ± 2.38 b	17.79 ± 0.71 a
	DCK	86.46 ± 3.44 a	13.05 ± 0.23 ab	63.67 ± 1.83 b	52.55 ± 3.08 a	16.79 ± 0.88 ab
中度干旱	DT	62.48 ± 0.87 d	12.10 ± 0.81 c	53.05 ± 0.35 d	9.33 ± 0.70 d	15.11 ± 0.57 c
Moderate	MDT	70.38 ± 0.67 c	12.61 ± 0.82 abc	64.50 ± 1.42 b	13.79 ± 1.36 c	16.04 ± 0.76 bc
drought	DDT	70.18 ± 1.34 c	13.17 ± 0.15 a	58.65 ± 3.81 c	13.75 ± 0.75 c	15.33 ± 0.53 c

水分 Water	处理 Treatment	N/（mg · g^-1）	P/（mg · g^-1）	K/（mg · g^-1）	Ca/（mg · g^-1）	Mg/（mg · g^-1）
正常	CK	21.30 ± 0.74 b	4.79 ± 0.49 bc	21.67 ± 1.12 a	11.99 ± 0.87 ab	5.70 ± 0.07 a
Normal	MCK	23.98 ± 0.77 a	5.07 ± 0.37 ab	20.20 ± 0.24 b	12.41 ± 0.44 a	5.71 ± 0.10 a
	DCK	23.19 ± 0.76 a	5.44 ± 0.11 a	19.38 ± 0.40 b	11.27 ± 0.26 bc	5.48 ± 0.27 a
中度干旱	DT	17.66 ± 0.70 c	3.76 ± 0.38 d	19.59 ± 0.22 b	11.04 ± 0.10 c	5.49 ± 0.40 a
Moderate	MDT	18.38 ± 0.94 c	4.24 ± 0.21 cd	19.56 ± 0.70 b	11.28 ± 0.39 bc	5.81 ± 0.26 a
drought	DDT	18.70 ± 0.63 c	4.50 ± 0.38 bc	15.93 ± 0.18 c	11.23 ± 0.44 bc	5.43 ± 0.07 a
水分 Water	处理 Treatment	Fe/（μg · g^-1）	Mn/（μg · g^-1）	Cu/（μg · g^-1）	Zn/（μg · g^-1）	B/（μg · g^-1）
正常	CK	73.00 ± 4.10 bc	12.21 ± 0.45 bc	52.33 ± 1.18 d	14.59 ± 1.14 c	16.80 ± 0.67 ab
Normal	MCK	75.80 ± 2.62 b	13.30 ± 0.11 a	80.31 ± 1.64 a	35.78 ± 2.38 b	17.79 ± 0.71 a
	DCK	86.46 ± 3.44 a	13.05 ± 0.23 ab	63.67 ± 1.83 b	52.55 ± 3.08 a	16.79 ± 0.88 ab
中度干旱	DT	62.48 ± 0.87 d	12.10 ± 0.81 c	53.05 ± 0.35 d	9.33 ± 0.70 d	15.11 ± 0.57 c
Moderate	MDT	70.38 ± 0.67 c	12.61 ± 0.82 abc	64.50 ± 1.42 b	13.79 ± 1.36 c	16.04 ± 0.76 bc
drought	DDT	70.18 ± 1.34 c	13.17 ± 0.15 a	58.65 ± 3.81 c	13.75 ± 0.75 c	15.33 ± 0.53 c

水分 Water	处理 Treatment	N/（mg · g^-1）	P/（mg · g^-1）	K/（mg · g^-1）	Ca/（mg · g^-1）	Mg/（mg · g^-1）
正常	CK	12.71 ± 0.67 ab	2.77 ± 0.35 a	7.63 ± 0.11 d	4.41 ± 0.41 c	2.03 ± 0.08 c
Normal	MCK	13.44 ± 0.67 a	2.72 ± 0.14 a	8.12 ± 0.35 cd	6.22 ± 0.53 a	2.28 ± 0.23 ab
	DCK	12.73 ± 0.99 ab	2.97 ± 0.33 a	8.36 ± 0.47 bc	5.73 ± 0.05 ab	2.31 ± 0.14 ab
中度干旱	DT	11.59 ± 0.55 c	1.49 ± 0.27 c	8.60 ± 0.19 abc	4.92 ± 0.49 bc	2.18 ± 0.07 c
Moderate	MDT	11.80 ± 0.66 c	2.05 ± 0.22 b	8.98 ± 0.23 a	5.02 ± 0.62 abc	2.50 ± 0.14 a
drought	DDT	13.30 ± 0.90 a	1.98 ± 0.21 b	8.93 ± 0.50 ab	6.15 ± 1.38 ab	2.53 ± 0.24 a
水分 Water	处理 Treatment	Fe/（μg · g^-1）	Mn/（μg · g^-1）	Cu/（μg · g^-1）	Zn/（μg · g^-1）	B/（μg · g^-1）
正常	CK	18.05 ± 0.72 b	2.73 ± 0.62 b	8.44 ± 0.37 b	7.32 ± 0.78 b	4.88 ± 0.30 b
Normal	MCK	20.00 ± 1.26 b	4.28 ± 0.20 a	10.93 ± 1.18 a	11.14 ± 1.24 a	10.47 ± 1.03 a
	DCK	24.12 ± 3.54 a	4.04 ± 0.25 a	10.17 ± 0.22 a	7.92 ± 0.79 b	9.80 ± 0.48 a
中度干旱	DT	8.57 ± 0.37 d	0.37 ± 0.05 d	5.96 ± 0.12 d	1.57 ± 0.29 c	1.57 ± 0.13 c
Moderate	MDT	12.74 ± 0.72 c	1.84 ± 0.83 c	7.15 ± 0.81 cd	2.04 ± 0.17 c	1.94 ± 0.12 c
drought	DDT	12.99 ± 0.63 c	2.68 ± 0.59 bc	7.44 ± 0.82 bc	1.83 ± 0.16 c	2.04 ± 0.15 c