几丁质诱导对采后甜樱桃抗黑斑病及贮藏品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0261

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1425-1438.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0261

几丁质诱导对采后甜樱桃抗黑斑病及贮藏品质的影响

崔建潮¹, 贾晓辉², 李立涛¹, 范丽颖¹, 赵文诗¹, 陈龙¹, 王旭敏¹, 贺丽敏¹^,^*(), 徐海娇¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所，河北昌黎 066600
² 中国农业科学院果树研究所，农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室，辽宁兴城 125100

收稿日期:2025-12-10 修回日期:2026-02-12 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-26
通讯作者:
^* E-mail：xuhaijiao1234@sina.cn，
helimin122@163.com
基金资助:
河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设项目(C24R0601); 农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室基金项目(NYZS202403); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-30-ZY-27)

Effect of Chitin Induction on Postharvest Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Black Spot and Storage Quality

CUI Jianchao¹, JIA Xiaohui², LI Litao¹, FAN Liying¹, ZHAO Wenshi¹, CHEN Long¹, WANG Xumin¹, HE Limin¹^,^*(), XU Haijiao¹^,²^,^*()

¹ Changli Institute of Pomology， Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，Changli， Hebei 066600， China
² Research Institute of Pomology， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China，Xingcheng， Liaoning 125100， China

Received:2025-12-10 Revised:2026-02-12 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-26
Contact:
^* E-mail：xuhaijiao1234@sina.cn，
helimin122@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了离体条件下不同浓度几丁质对甜樱桃黑斑病病原菌链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata）菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响，并以‘砂蜜豆’甜樱桃果实为试材，用几丁质处理后接种A. alternata孢悬液，探究几丁质诱导甜樱桃果实抗黑斑病的效应和机理。结果表明，低浓度几丁质对菌落直径（浓度为0 ~ 0.01%）和孢子萌发（浓度为0 ~ 0.001%）无明显影响。活体试验结果表明，0.01% ~ 1%几丁质均可显著抑制甜樱桃果实黑斑病扩展，且0.5%和1%为最适浓度，最佳诱导时间为24 h；几丁质处理对低温贮藏期间黑斑病也有较好控制效果，并可有效控制甜樱桃采后自然腐烂，且对贮藏品质无不良影响；几丁质处理增强了防御酶基因（PaCAT、PaSOD、PaPOD、PaPPO）以及水杨酸（SA）/茉莉酸（JA）信号通路关键基因（PaNPR1-like和PaOPR3）的上调表达，相应地提高了果实超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、几丁质酶（CHI）和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）等防御酶活性。几丁质诱导甜樱桃果实对黑斑病的抗性与其防御酶活性和相对应基因表达增强有关。

关键词: 甜樱桃, 采后, 几丁质, 黑斑病, 诱导抗性, 贮藏品质

Abstract:

The effects of different concentrations of chitin on the mycelia growth and spore germination of Alternaria alternata，the causal agent of black spot disease in sweet cherry，were investigated under in vitro conditions. Meanwhile，‘Shamidou’sweet cherry fruits were used as experimental material and treatment with chitin，then A.alternata spore suspension were inoculated，which to explore the efficacy and mechanism of chitin-induced resistance against black spot disease. The results showed that low concentrations of chitin（0-0.01% for colony diameter and 0-0.001% for spore germination）had no significant inhibitory effect on A. alternata. In vivo experiments demonstrated that chitin at concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 1% significantly suppressed the expansion of black spot on sweet cherry fruit，with 0.5% and 1% identified as the optimal concentrations and 24 h as the most effective induction time. Chitin treatment also effectively controlled black spot disease during low-temperature storage，reduced natural decay in postharvest sweet cherry，and had no adverse effects on fruit quality. Furthermore，chitin treatment enhanced the up-regulated expression of defense-related enzyme genes（PaCAT，PaSOD，PaPOD，PaPPO）as well as SA/JA signaling pathway genes，such as PaNPR1-like and PaOPR3. Correspondingly， the activities of defense-related enzymes， including superoxide dismutase（SOD）， catalase（CAT）， peroxidase（POD）， polyphenol oxidase（PPO），chitinase（CHI）and β-1，3-glucanase（GLU），were increased in fruit. Therefore，chitin-induced resistance against black spot disease in sweet cherry fruit is associated with enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes and up-regulation of their corresponding genes.

Key words: sweet cherry, postharvest, chitin, black spot disease, induced resistance, storage quality

崔建潮, 贾晓辉, 李立涛, 范丽颖, 赵文诗, 陈龙, 王旭敏, 贺丽敏, 徐海娇. 几丁质诱导对采后甜樱桃抗黑斑病及贮藏品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(5): 1425-1438.

CUI Jianchao, JIA Xiaohui, LI Litao, FAN Liying, ZHAO Wenshi, CHEN Long, WANG Xumin, HE Limin, XU Haijiao. Effect of Chitin Induction on Postharvest Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Black Spot and Storage Quality[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(5): 1425-1438.

图/表 10

表1 实时荧光定量PCR引物

Table 1 Primers for qRT-PCR analysis

基因Gene	NCBI号NCBI No.	引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence	片段大小/ bp Size
PaCAT	XM_021971860	F：AAGGCAGGGAAAGCACTGTA； R：CTGGGTAGCATGGCTGTGAT	117
PaSOD	XM_021954897	F：CTTAGCACGGGCAGTTGAGA； R：CCACACCCAACCAGAACCTT	100
PaPOD	XM_021965723	F：ACCTAACACTTTCGACGGCA； R：TGTTGATCGTATCAGCCCCG	107
PaPPO	XM_021975114	F：GTTGAGTGGGCCAGACAAGA； R：GCCCCAACCTCAAGATACCC	104
PaNPR1-like	XM_021963921	F：TTTCGTTGTGGAGTTGAT； R：TATTCGGTCTTTGTTTGC	703
PaOPR3	XM_021949279	F：CAAGTGGTGGAGCATTATCG； R：AGTTTTGAGCCCCAGTCTTG	89
Actin	XM_021963369	F：GCAGCTCATCCGAACCTCAA； R：ATACCACGCTTGGACTGAGC	258

图1 不同浓度几丁质对Alternaria alternata菌落直径的影响不同字母代表不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different chitin concentrations on the colony diameter of Alternaria alternata The different letters represent significant difference among treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below

图2 不同浓度几丁质对Alternaria alternata孢子萌发的影响（6 h）

Fig. 2 Effects of different chitin concentrations on spore germination of Alternaria alternata（6 h）

图3 不同浓度几丁质处理对甜樱桃黑斑病的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of different concentrations of chitin on sweet cherry black spot disease

图4 几丁质预处理与接种间隔时间对甜樱桃黑斑病抑制效果的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of chitin pretreatment and inoculation interval on suppression of sweet cherry black spot disease

图5 低温储藏期间几丁质处理对甜樱桃黑斑病的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of chitin treatment on black spot disease of sweet cherry during low-temperature sotrage

图6 几丁质处理对甜樱桃采后自然腐烂的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of chitin whole fruit treatment on postharvest natural decay in sweet cherry

表2 几丁质处理对甜樱桃常温贮藏品质的影响

Table 2 Effects of chitin treatment on the quality of sweet cherry during ambient temperature storage

几丁质/% Chitin	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	维生素C/（mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C	褐变度 Degree of browning
0（对照Control）	15.3 ± 0.09 a	0.563 ± 0.0078 b	113.44 ± 8.13 a	0.300 ± 0.004 a
0.1	15.2 ± 0.12 a	0.558 ± 0.0023 b	122.67 ± 9.34 a	0.297 ± 0.002 a
0.2	15.1 ± 0.07 a	0.590 ± 0.0038 a	129.38 ± 10.81 a	0.310 ± 0.005 a
0.5	15.4 ± 0.12 a	0.561 ± 0.0062 b	141.88 ± 3.41 a	0.298 ± 0.011 a

图7 几丁质处理对甜樱桃防御相关酶活性的影响不同字母表示相同时间处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 7 Effects of chitin treatment on activities involved of defense-related enzymes in sweet cherry fruit The different letters represent significant difference between treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below

图8 几丁质处理对甜樱桃抗性相关基因表达量的影响

Fig. 8 Effects of chitin treatment on the defense-related gene expression level in sweet cherry fruit

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几丁质诱导对采后甜樱桃抗黑斑病及贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Chitin Induction on Postharvest Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Black Spot and Storage Quality

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几丁质诱导对采后甜樱桃抗黑斑病及贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Chitin Induction on Postharvest Sweet Cherry Fruit Against Black Spot and Storage Quality

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