褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’采后果实品质及花色苷代谢的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究褪黑素处理对采后‘桃形李’果实品质及花色苷代谢的影响，以七成熟嵊州‘桃形李’为材料，将采后果实在蒸馏水（对照和0.1 mmol · L^-1褪黑素溶液中浸泡1 h后取出晾干，于室温（25 ± 1）℃和75% ~ 80%相对湿度条件下保存18 d，研究褪黑素处理对果实色泽、硬度、腐烂率、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、可溶性糖含量、花色苷代谢的影响。结果表明，褪黑素处理抑制了果实软化与腐烂，延缓了果实转色，降低了呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率，并推迟了乙烯释放高峰，延缓了果实糖类物质的积累。褪黑素处理可通过抑制PsCHI基因表达以及肉桂酸羧化酶（C4H）、4-香豆酰CoA连接酶（4-CL）、查尔酮异构酶（CHI）、黄烷酮羟化酶（F3H）、二氢黄酮醇还原酶（DFR）和花青素合成酶（ANS）的活性，延缓了花色苷含量增加。在贮藏后期，褪黑素处理显著上调了果实结构基因PsCHS、PsF3H、PsDFR、PsANS与PsUFGT（中后期）的表达量，提高了果实C4H、4-CL、F3H、DFR、ANS的酶活性，促进了花色苷的合成。因此，褪黑素处理不仅延缓了果实的成熟进程，而且提高了果实成熟后期花色苷的合成，进而有利于延长果实的货架期，并增加果实完熟后的花色苷积累量从而提高果品的营养价值。

关键词: 李, 果实, 褪黑素, 花色苷代谢, 品质, 采后

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment on the fruit quality and anthocyanin metabolism of‘Taoxingli’plum fruit during storage. The‘Taoxingli’plum fruit about 70% maturity were harvested，and were soaked in water（as the control） or 0.1 mmol · L^-1 melatonin solution for 1 h and then dried in air. The fruit were stored at room temperature（25 ± 1）℃ and relative humidity of 75%-80% for 18 days，and the changes in color，firmness，decay rate，respiration rate，ethylene release，soluble solids content，and anthocyanin metabolism of the fruit were investigated during storage. The results showed that melatonin treatment inhibited the softening and decay of fruit，delayed in the color transformation，reduced respiration rate and ethylene release，postponed the ethylene release peak and the accumulation of carbohydrate in the fruit compared to the control. Melatonin treatment slowed down the anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit by inhibiting the expression of PsCHI gene and the activities of the enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis，including cinnamate carboxylase（C4H），4-coumaryl CoA ligase（4-CL），chalcone isomerase（CHI），flavanone hydroxylase（F3H），dihydroflavonol reductase（DFR）and anthocyanin synthetase（ANS） at the beginning time of storage，whereas at the later stage of storage，melatonin treatment significantly up-regulated the expressions of the structural genes including PsCHS，PsF3H，PsDFR，PsANS and PsUFGT related to synthesis of anthocyanins along with increases in the activities of C4H，4-CL，F3H，DFR and ANS，which could promote the synthesis of anthocyanins. Therefore，melatonin treatment not only delayed the process of fruit ripening，but also was of benefit to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the full-ripening fruit，which could be contributed to extending the shelf life and improving the nutritional value of fruit.

Key words: plum, fruit, melatonin, anthocyanin metabolism, quality, postharvest

许桐, 王越, 吴丽娜, 张航, 尹立来, 徐柯宇, 郑小林. 褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’采后果实品质及花色苷代谢的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(2): 395-405.

XU Tong, WANG Yue, WU Lina, ZHANG Hang, YIN Lilai, XU Keyu, ZHENG Xiaolin. Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Fruit Quality and Anthocyanin Metabolism of Postharvest‘Taoxingli’Plum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 395-405.

图/表 6

表1 定量PCR引物序列

Table 1 Real-Time PCR Primers

基因名 Gene	基因号 Gene ID	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	产物长度/bp Production length
PsPAL	KT601054	F：CAGGATTACGGAATGCAGGTCT	22
PsPAL	KT601054	R：CCCTCGCAGATAGCTGAGAACACCT	25
PsCHS	KT597917	F：G AGGAAGTTCGCAAGGCTCAGCGGG	25
PsCHS	KT597917	R：GAAGTAGTAGTCAGGGTAGGTG	22
PsCHI	KP266867	F：CTGGAGATTCAGGGGAAAGTCA	22
PsCHI	KP266867	R：CGGTTAGTGGCAGTATCGTTGT	22
PsF3H	KP266870	F：GACATACTTTTCATACCCAATCCG	24
PsF3H	KP266870	R：ATCAGCTCGTCGCTGTACTTCT	22
PsDFR	KT597918	F：CAGGAACCGTGAATATCGAAGA	22
PsDFR	KT597918	R：GGAGACGAAGTACATCCAACCA	22
PsANS	KT601053	F：GTGCTGTCACTTGGGTTGGGATT	23
PsANS	KT601053	R：GCAAACTGGGTAGTAGTTGATTTTC	25
PsUFGT	KT597919	F：CTTTCAACCTAGCTGCTACTGC	22
PsUFGT	KT597919	R：TGACCCAAAACTAACATACACC	22
PsACT	EF585293	F：CTTCCAACCATCACTCATT	19
PsACT	EF585293	R：CCTAATATCCACATCACACTT	21

图1 常温贮藏下褪黑素处理对 ‘桃形李’果实转色（A）、a*（B）、b*（C），果实硬度（D）和腐烂率（E）的影响不同小写字母代表差异显著（P ≤ 0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 Effect of melatonin treatment on the color（A），a*（B），b*（C）of the peel，fruit firmness（D）and decay incidence（E）of ‘Taoxingli’plum during storage at ambient temperature Different lowercase letters represented significant differences（P ≤ 0.05）. The same below

图2 常温贮藏下褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’果实呼吸速率（A）和乙烯释放速率（B）的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of melatonin treatment on respiration rate（A） and ethylene production（B） of‘Taoxingli’ plum during storage at ambient temperature

图3 常温贮藏下褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’果实可溶性糖（A）与花色苷（B）含量的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of melatonin treatment on soluble sugar（A）and anthocyanins（B）content of‘Taoxingli’plum during storage at ambient temperature

图4 常温贮藏下褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’果实PAL、C4H、4-CL、CHI、F3H、DFR与ANS活性的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of melatonin treatment on PAL，C4H，4-CL，CHI，F3H，DFR and ANS activities of ‘Taoxingli’plum during storage at ambient temperature

图5 常温贮藏下褪黑素处理对‘桃形李’果实花色苷代谢相关基因表达量的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of melatonin treatment on anthocyanin metabolism-related genes of‘Taoxingli’plum during storage at ambient temperature

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