硝普钠对哈密瓜采后品质及活性氧代谢影响的研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘西州密25号’哈密瓜为试材，探究一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside，SNP）对低温[（3 ± 1）℃]贮藏期间哈密瓜品质和活性氧代谢的影响。与对照相比，1.0 mmol · L^-1 SNP浸泡30 min处理的果实在贮藏期间（28 ~ 42 d）维持了较高的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸及抗坏血酸含量；有效抑制了丙二醛（MDA）积累和细胞膜透性上升，降低了过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和超氧阴离子生成速率；显著提高了过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等抗氧化酶的活性，并显著促进CmSOD、CmCAT、CmAPX及CmPOD等基因的表达，降低了哈密瓜果实的冷害指数，减缓了膜脂过氧化程度。表明1.0 mmol · L^-1 SNP处理可通过调控哈密瓜采后活性氧代谢平衡，降低冷害及保持果实品质。

关键词: 哈密瓜, 采后, 一氧化氮, 硝普钠, 品质, 活性氧代谢

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside（SNP），a nitric oxide（NO）donor，on the quality and reactive oxygen species（ROS）metabolism of Hami melon during low-temperature storage[（3 ± 1）℃]，‘Xizhoumi 25’Hami melons were used as test materials. Compared with the control，the fruits treated with 1.0 mmol · L^-1 SNP maintained higher contents of soluble sugars，soluble proteins，titratable acids，and ascorbic acid during storage（28-42 days）. This treatment effectively inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA）and the increase in cell membrane permeability，reduced the production rates of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and superoxide anion，and significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase（CAT）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）. Additionally，it remarkably promoted the expression of genes including CmSOD，CmCAT，CmAPX，and CmPOD，thereby decreasing the cold damage index of Hami melon fruits and alleviating the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that 1.0 mmol · L^-1 SNP treatment can reduce cold damage and maintain fruit quality by regulating the balance of postharvest ROS metabolism in Hami melons.

Key words: Hami melon, postharvest, NO, SNP, quality, reactive oxygen species metabolism

贾美惠, 黄帅, 张蔓蔓, 刘乾, 王晓兵, 张琪, 雷雅馨, 王静. 硝普钠对哈密瓜采后品质及活性氧代谢影响的研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(3): 817-830.

JIA Meihui, HUANG Shuai, ZHANG Manman, LIU Qian, WANG Xiaobing, ZHANG Qi, LEI Yaxin, WANG Jing. Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on Postharvest Quality and Reactive Oxygen Metabolism of Hami Melon[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 817-830.

图/表 11

表1 本研究中RT-qPCR所用引物

Table 1 Primers used in RT-qPCR in this study

基因Gene	引物Pirmer	序列（5′-3′）Sequence
CmSOD	CmSOD-F	TAGCTGTTCTTGAGAGCAATCA
CmSOD	CmSOD-R	GATTTTCATCATCTGGAGCACC
18S rRNA	18s-F	CTGGTGTGATGGTTGGGATGG
18S rRNA	18s-R	GGTTGAGTGCTTCAGTAAG
CmCAT	CmCAT-F	CTCCCAAATGTCCTCACCAT
CmCAT	CmCAT-R	CATCGGGAACTTCTCAGCAT
18S rRNA	18s-F	GGAAATTGTCCGTGACATGA
18S rRNA	18s-R	GAATCTCTCAGCTCCGATGG
CmAPX	CmAPX-F	ACGGTATTTCGTGCTCATTGAC
CmAPX	CmAPX-R	CGTGTTGGGGAGACTTCGAG
CmPOD	CmPOD-F	GCCGACGTGCAATATAAAGAAG
CmPOD	CmPOD-R	TGGTGGCGACTTTGTTGATT
18S rRNA	18s-F	GCTGTCACTGTTTTTGGCGT
18S rRNA	18s-R	GCACCACCCTTCAAATGAGC

图1 哈密瓜果实低温贮藏14和35 d后移至室温恢复3 d后的冷害症状

Fig. 1 Chilling injury symptoms of Hami melon fruits after 14 d and 35 d of low-temperature storage followed by 3 d of recovery at room temperature

图2 SNP处理对哈密瓜果实冷害指数及冷害率的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Effect of SNP treatment on chilling injury index and chilling injury rate of Hami melon The different lowercase letters between groups indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）. The same below

图3 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间果肉硬度及可溶性固形物含量的影响 * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01。下同

Fig. 3 Effect of SNP treatment on flesh hardness and soluble solids content of Hami melon during cold storage * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01. The same below

图4 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间果皮可滴定酸含量及抗坏血酸含量的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of SNP treatment on titratable acid content and ascorbic acid content in the peel of Hami melon during cold storage

图5 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间果皮可溶性蛋白含量及可溶性糖含量的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of SNP treatment on soluble protein content and soluble sugar content in the peel of Hami melon during cold storage

图6 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间果实呼吸强度的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of SNP treatment on fruit respiration rate of Hami melon during cold storage

图7 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间细胞膜透性及MDA含量的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of SNP treatment on cell membrane permeability and MDA content of Hami melon during cold storage

图8 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间H2O2含量及超氧阴离子产生速率的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of SNP treatment on H2O2 content and superoxide anion production rate of Hami melon during cold storage

图9 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间SOD、CAT、APX、POD活性的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of SNP treatment on the activities of SOD，CAT，APX and POD in Hami melon during cold storage

图10 SNP处理对哈密瓜冷藏期间CmSOD、CmCAT、CmAPX和CmPOD的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of SNP treatment on CmSOD，CmCAT，CmAPX and CmPOD in Hami melon during cold storage

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