砧用瓠瓜苗期根腐病抗性鉴定体系的建立及抗性种质筛选

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0433

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为建立砧用瓠瓜根腐病抗性精准鉴定体系，实现抗病资源的高效筛选与评价，以根腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌菌株及抗、感砧用瓠瓜种质为试材，研究分析病原菌寄主专化性，探究接种方法、接种悬液浓度及环境培养温度对苗期抗性鉴定效果的影响。结果表明，该病原菌无明显寄主专化性，可侵染西瓜、瓠瓜、南瓜和甜瓜等多种瓜类作物。3种抗性鉴定方法中，浸根水培法最优，发病时间、病情指数的稳定性及重复性均显著优于灌根法和茎基部注射法。当孢子悬液浓度为1.2 × 10⁷个 · mL^-1、环境温度为20 ~ 25 ℃，接种后14 d即可完成根腐病抗性鉴定。基于上述优化体系，对51份砧用瓠瓜种质/品种进行抗性鉴定，共获得6份高抗种质资源和2份高抗品种。

关键词: 瓜类, 瓠瓜, 砧木, 尖孢镰刀菌, 根腐病, 抗性鉴定

Abstract:

To establish a precise system for identifying root rot resistance in bottle gourd rootstocks and enable efficient screening and evaluation of disease-resistant resources. This study utilized a Fusarium oxysporum strain causing root rot along with resistant and susceptible bottle gourd rootstock germplasms as experimental materials. The research clarified the pathogen’s host specificity and investigated the effects of inoculation methods，spore suspension concentrations，and environmental temperatures on the efficacy of seedling-stage resistance identification. Results showed that the pathogen exhibited no obvious host specificity，as it could infect multiple cucurbit crops including watermelon，bottle gourd，pumpkin，and melon. Among the three resistance identification methods tested，the root-dipping hydroponic method was optimal，with significantly superior performance in terms of disease onset time，disease index stability，and repeatability compared to the root irrigation and stem base injection methods. Under the conditions of a conidial suspension concentration of 1.2 × 10⁷ spores · mL^-1 and an environmental temperature of 20-25  ℃，root rot resistance identification could be completed 14 days post-inoculation. Using this optimized system，resistance assessment of 51 bottle gourd rootstock germplasms/varieties yielded 6 highly-resistant germplasms and 2 highly-resistant cultivars.

Key words: cucurbits, bottle gourd, rootstock, Fusarium oxysporum, root rot, resistance identification

刘金秋, 魏晓倩, 刘广, 张曼, 姚协丰, 娄丽娜, 徐建, 朱凌丽, 侯茜, 徐锦华. 砧用瓠瓜苗期根腐病抗性鉴定体系的建立及抗性种质筛选[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(6): 1793-1802.

LIU Jinqiu, WEI Xiaoqian, LIU Guang, ZHANG Man, YAO Xiefeng, LOU Lina, XU Jian, ZHU Lingli, HOU Qian, XU Jinhua. Establishment of Evaluation System and Screening of Resistant Sources for Fusarium Root Rot in Bottle Gourd Rootstock[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1793-1802.

图/表 5

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浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	浸根水培法Root soaking hydroponic		灌根法Root irrigation		茎基部注射法Stem base injection
浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade
1.0 × 10⁶	20	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR
	25	4.17 ± 0.00 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 a	HR
1.2 × 10⁷	20	4.17 ± 0.00 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR
	25	2.78 ± 1.21 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 a	HR
1.0 × 10⁸	20	13.89 ± 1.20 a	R	14.58 ± 0.00 a	R	15.96 ± 1.21 a	R
	25	14.58 ± 0.00 a	R	15.96 ± 1.21 a	R	16.67 ± 0.00 a	R
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 b	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 b	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 b	HR

浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	浸根水培法Root soaking hydroponic		灌根法Root irrigation		茎基部注射法Stem base injection
浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade
1.0 × 10⁶	20	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR
	25	4.17 ± 0.00 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 a	HR
1.2 × 10⁷	20	4.17 ± 0.00 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR
	25	2.78 ± 1.21 a	HR	3.47 ± 1.21 a	HR	6.27 ± 3.64 a	HR
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 a	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 a	HR
1.0 × 10⁸	20	13.89 ± 1.20 a	R	14.58 ± 0.00 a	R	15.96 ± 1.21 a	R
	25	14.58 ± 0.00 a	R	15.96 ± 1.21 a	R	16.67 ± 0.00 a	R
	30	8.37 ± 3.64 b	HR	8.37 ± 3.64 b	HR	10.47 ± 0.00 b	HR

浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	浸根水培法Root soaking hydroponic		灌根法Root irrigation		茎基部注射法Stem base injection
浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade
1.0 × 10⁶	20	71.53 ± 2.41 a	S	67.36 ± 1.20 a	S	48.52 ± 2.33 a	MR
	25	66.67 ± 2.09 a	S	68.75 ± 0.00 a	S	47.13 ± 2.25 a	MR
	30	67.36 ± 3.18 a	S	47.13 ± 2.25 b	MR	49.91 ± 0.16 a	MR
1.2 × 10⁷	20	90.28 ± 1.21 a	HS	94.44 ± 1.20 a	HS	65.97 ± 1.21 a	S
	25	91.67 ± 20.9 a	HS	95.14 ± 1.20 a	HS	68.75 ± 0.00 a	S
	30	66.67 ± 2.09 b	S	68.06 ± 1.20 b	S	49.81 ± 0.16 b	MR
1.0 × 10⁸	20	91.67 ± 20.9 a	HS	96.53 ± 1.21 a	HS	72.22 ± 1.21 a	S
	25	95.14 ± 1.20 a	HS	97.22 ± 1.21 a	HS	72.92 ± 0.00 a	S
	30	68.75 ± 2.08 b	S	71.53 ± 2.41 b	S	49.72 ± 0.00 b	MR

浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	浸根水培法Root soaking hydroponic		灌根法Root irrigation		茎基部注射法Stem base injection
浓度/（个 · mL^-1） Concentration	培养温度/℃ Cultivated temperature	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级Disease resistance grade
1.0 × 10⁶	20	71.53 ± 2.41 a	S	67.36 ± 1.20 a	S	48.52 ± 2.33 a	MR
	25	66.67 ± 2.09 a	S	68.75 ± 0.00 a	S	47.13 ± 2.25 a	MR
	30	67.36 ± 3.18 a	S	47.13 ± 2.25 b	MR	49.91 ± 0.16 a	MR
1.2 × 10⁷	20	90.28 ± 1.21 a	HS	94.44 ± 1.20 a	HS	65.97 ± 1.21 a	S
	25	91.67 ± 20.9 a	HS	95.14 ± 1.20 a	HS	68.75 ± 0.00 a	S
	30	66.67 ± 2.09 b	S	68.06 ± 1.20 b	S	49.81 ± 0.16 b	MR
1.0 × 10⁸	20	91.67 ± 20.9 a	HS	96.53 ± 1.21 a	HS	72.22 ± 1.21 a	S
	25	95.14 ± 1.20 a	HS	97.22 ± 1.21 a	HS	72.92 ± 0.00 a	S
	30	68.75 ± 2.08 b	S	71.53 ± 2.41 b	S	49.72 ± 0.00 b	MR

编号 No.	来源 Source	材料 Material	世代 Generation	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级 Disease resistance grade
1	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	BG-45	自交系Inbred line	68.75 ± 3.13	感病 Susceptible
2		BG-46	自交系Inbred line	92.71 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
3		BG-47	自交系Inbred line	1.04 ± 1.81	高抗High resistance
4		BG-48	自交系Inbred line	5.21 ± 1.80	高抗High resistance
5		BG-49	自交系Inbred line	95.84 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
6		BG-50	自交系Inbred line	66.67 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
7		BG-51	自交系Inbred line	1.04 ± 1.81	高抗High resistance
8		BG-52	自交系Inbred line	5.21 ± 1.80	高抗High resistance
9		BG-53	自交系Inbred line	94.79 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
10		BG-54	自交系Inbred line	1.04 ± 1.81	高抗High resistance
11		BG-55-2	自交系Inbred line	14.59 ± 1.81	抗病Resistance
12		BG-56	自交系Inbred line	95.84 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
13		BG-57	自交系Inbred line	85.42 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
14		BG-58	自交系Inbred line	88.54 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
15		BG-59	自交系Inbred line	66.67 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
16		BG-60	自交系Inbred line	19.79 ± 1.81	抗病Resistance
17		BG-61	自交系Inbred line	70.84 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
18		BG-62	自交系Inbred line	16.67 ± 1.80	抗病Resistance
19		BG-63	自交系Inbred line	69.79 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
20		BG-64	自交系Inbred line	80.21 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
21		BG-65	自交系Inbred line	79.17 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
22		BG-66	自交系Inbred line	94.79 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
23		BG-67	自交系Inbred line	90.63 ± 0.00	高感High susceptible
24		BG-68	自交系Inbred line	61.46 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
25		BG-70	自交系Inbred line	57.29 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
26		BG-71	自交系Inbred line	66.67 ± 3.61	感病 Susceptible
27		BG-72	自交系Inbred line	20.84 ± 1.81	抗病Resistance
28		BG-74	自交系Inbred line	20.84 ± 1.81	抗病Resistance
29		BG-75	自交系Inbred line	70.84 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
30		BG-76	自交系Inbred line	67.71 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
31		BG-77	自交系Inbred line	60.42 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
32		BG-78	自交系Inbred line	91.67 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
33		BG-79	自交系Inbred line	92.71 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
34		BG-80-2	自交系Inbred line	87.50 ± 0.00	高感High susceptible
35	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	BG-81	自交系Inbred line	5.21 ± 1.80	高抗High resistance
36		BG-83	自交系Inbred line	85.42 ± 1.80	高感High susceptible
37		BG-84-2	自交系Inbred line	69.79 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
38		BG-111	自交系Inbred line	88.54 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
39		BG-112	自交系Inbred line	95.84 ± 1.81	高感High susceptible
40	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	BG-113	自交系Inbred line	68.75 ± 0.00	感病 Susceptible
41	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	BG-114	自交系Inbred line	92.71 ± 3.61	高感High susceptible
42	米可多（公司）MIKADO	相生Xiangsheng	杂交种Hybird	96.88 ± 0.00	高感High susceptible
43	米可多（公司）MIKADO	FR不死鸟FR Businiao	杂交种Hybird	54.17 ± 1.80	感病 Susceptible
44	郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute	超丰F₁ Chaofeng F₁	杂交种Hybird	41.67 ± 1.80	中抗Middle resistance
45	郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute	超丰抗生王Kangshengwang	杂交种Hybird	3.13 ± 0.00	高抗High resistance
46	先正达（公司）Syngenta AG	强根Qianggen	杂交种Hybird	70.84 ± 1.81	感病 Susceptible
47	京研益农（公司）Jingyan Yinong	京欣砧1号Jingxinzhen 1	杂交种Hybird	36.46 ± 1.80	中抗Middle resistance
48	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	苏砧1号Suzhen 1	杂交种Hybird	17.71 ± 1.80	抗病Resistance
49	江苏省农业科学院 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	苏砧3号Suzhen 3	杂交种Hybird	45.84 ± 1.81	中抗Middle resistance
50	宁波市农业科学院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	^a甬砧1号Yongzhen 1	杂交种Hybird	7.29 ± 1.81	高抗High resistance
51	宁波市农业科学院 Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences	甬砧5号Yongzhen 5	杂交种Hybird	36.46 ± 1.80	中抗Middle resistance