大别山区柿雄性种质资源的孢粉学研究与分子标记鉴定

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对在大别山区收集的23份雄性柿种质进行孢粉学显微观测与多个分子标记鉴定，筛选携带中国甜柿自然脱涩性状显性基因的雄性种质。供试种质花粉粒呈近球形，极轴长度介于32.78 ~ 42.93 μm之间，赤道轴长度介于33.60 ~ 44.29 μm之间。扫描电镜观测显示23份种质花粉外壁纹饰呈现明显差异，大别山雄12等种质为复合型纹饰。DlSx-AF4S标记对雄性种质的鉴定率达100%，显著优于OGI标记（70%）。RO2标记检测发现，大别山雄16等9份种质携带与中国甜柿自然脱涩性状连锁的显性基因，但其花粉形态无特异性特征。

关键词: 柿, 雄性种质, 孢粉学, 分子标记

Abstract:

Microscopic palynological observations and molecular marker analyses were conducted on 23 male persimmon germplasms collected from the Dabie Mountains to identify male germplasms that carry dominant genes associated with natural astringency loss in Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent（PCNA） persimmons. The pollen grains of the examined germplasms were nearly spherical，with polar axis lengths ranging from 32.78 μm to 42.93 μm and equatorial axis lengths from 33.60 μm to 44.29 μm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct variations in exine ornamentation across the 23 germplasms，with germplasms such as Dabie Mountain Male 12 displaying a composite pattern. The DlSx-AF4S marker demonstrated a 100% identification accuracy for male germplasms，significantly outperforming the OGI marker，which showed only 70% accuracy. The RO2 marker successfully identified nine germplasms，including Dabie Mountain male 16，carrying dominant alleles linked to natural astringency loss，although these did not exhibit distinctive pollen morphological features.

Key words: persimmon, male genetic resources, palynology, molecular marker

宿福园, 裴忺, 李长林, 王燕, 姚传武, 张华. 大别山区柿雄性种质资源的孢粉学研究与分子标记鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 56-64.

SU Fuyuan, PEI Xian, LI Changlin, WANG Yan, YAO Chuanwu, ZHANG Hua. Palynological Study and Molecular Marker Identification of Male Genetic Resources of Persimmon in the Dabie Mountain Region[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 56-64.

图/表 4

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编号 No.	名称 Name	花性 Sexuality	采集地点 Collection zone	起源地 Origin	备注 Note
1	君迁子Date plum	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	柿近源种，含DlSx-AF4S标记 Persimmon relative harboring the DlSx-AF4S marker
2	‘太秋’Taishuu	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	日本Japan	完全甜柿，含OGI和 DlSx-AF4S标记 PCNA harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
3	‘禅寺丸’Zenjimaru	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	日本Japan	不完全甜柿，含OGI和DlSx-AF4S标记 Non-PCNA harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
4	野柿D. kaki var. silvestris Mak.	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	柿变种，含OGI和DlSx-AF4S标记 A D. kaki variety harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
5	‘罗田甜柿’Luotiantianshi	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	完全甜柿，含RO2和DlSx-AF4S标记 PCNA harboring the RO2 and DlSx-AF4S marker
6	雄株10号Male 10	♂	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	雄性种质，含OGI和 DlSx-AF4S标记 Male persimmon germplasm harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
7	雄株8号Male 8	♂	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	雄性种质，含RO2和DlSx-AF4S标记 Male persimmon germplasm harboring the RO2 and DlSx-AF4S marker
8	大别山雄1 Dabie Mountain Male 1	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
9	大别山雄2 Dabie Mountain Male 2	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
10	大别山雄3 Dabie Mountain Male 3	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
11	大别山雄4 Dabie Mountain Male 4	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
12	大别山雄5 Dabie Mountain Male 5	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
13	大别山雄6 Dabie Mountain Male 6	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
14	大别山雄7 Dabie Mountain Male 7	♂♀	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
15	大别山雄8 Dabie Mountain Male 8	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
16	大别山雄9 Dabie Mountain Male 9	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
17	大别山雄10 Dabie Mountain Male 10	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
18	大别山雄11 Dabie Mountain Male 11	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
19	大别山雄12 Dabie Mountain Male 12	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
20	大别山雄13 Dabie Mountain Male 13	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
21	大别山雄14 Dabie Mountain Male 14	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
22	大别山雄15 Dabie Mountain Male 15	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
23	大别山雄16 Dabie Mountain Male 16	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
24	大别山雄17 Dabie Mountain Male 17	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
25	大别山雄18 Dabie Mountain Male 18	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
26	大别山雄19 Dabie Mountain Male 19	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
27	大别山雄20 Dabie Mountain Male 20	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
28	大别山雄21 Dabie Mountain Male 21	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
29	大别山雄22 Dabie Mountain Male 22	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
30	大别山雄23 Dabie Mountain Male 23	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested

编号 No.	名称 Name	花性 Sexuality	采集地点 Collection zone	起源地 Origin	备注 Note
1	君迁子Date plum	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	柿近源种，含DlSx-AF4S标记 Persimmon relative harboring the DlSx-AF4S marker
2	‘太秋’Taishuu	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	日本Japan	完全甜柿，含OGI和 DlSx-AF4S标记 PCNA harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
3	‘禅寺丸’Zenjimaru	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	日本Japan	不完全甜柿，含OGI和DlSx-AF4S标记 Non-PCNA harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
4	野柿D. kaki var. silvestris Mak.	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	柿变种，含OGI和DlSx-AF4S标记 A D. kaki variety harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
5	‘罗田甜柿’Luotiantianshi	♂♀	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	完全甜柿，含RO2和DlSx-AF4S标记 PCNA harboring the RO2 and DlSx-AF4S marker
6	雄株10号Male 10	♂	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	雄性种质，含OGI和 DlSx-AF4S标记 Male persimmon germplasm harboring the OGI and DlSx-AF4S marker
7	雄株8号Male 8	♂	湖北武汉 Wuhan，Hubei	中国China	雄性种质，含RO2和DlSx-AF4S标记 Male persimmon germplasm harboring the RO2 and DlSx-AF4S marker
8	大别山雄1 Dabie Mountain Male 1	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
9	大别山雄2 Dabie Mountain Male 2	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
10	大别山雄3 Dabie Mountain Male 3	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
11	大别山雄4 Dabie Mountain Male 4	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
12	大别山雄5 Dabie Mountain Male 5	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
13	大别山雄6 Dabie Mountain Male 6	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
14	大别山雄7 Dabie Mountain Male 7	♂♀	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
15	大别山雄8 Dabie Mountain Male 8	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
16	大别山雄9 Dabie Mountain Male 9	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
17	大别山雄10 Dabie Mountain Male 10	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
18	大别山雄11 Dabie Mountain Male 11	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
19	大别山雄12 Dabie Mountain Male 12	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
20	大别山雄13 Dabie Mountain Male 13	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
21	大别山雄14 Dabie Mountain Male 14	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
22	大别山雄15 Dabie Mountain Male 15	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
23	大别山雄16 Dabie Mountain Male 16	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
24	大别山雄17 Dabie Mountain Male 17	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
25	大别山雄18 Dabie Mountain Male 18	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
26	大别山雄19 Dabie Mountain Male 19	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
27	大别山雄20 Dabie Mountain Male 20	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
28	大别山雄21 Dabie Mountain Male 21	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
29	大别山雄22 Dabie Mountain Male 22	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested
30	大别山雄23 Dabie Mountain Male 23	♂	湖北罗田 Luotian，Hubei	中国China	待测 To be tested

样品名 Name	花粉极轴长/μm Polar axis（P）	花粉赤道轴长/μm Equatorial axis（E）	P/E	花粉粒形状 Pollen shape
‘太秋’Taishuu	37.28 ± 0.34 cde	36.33 ± 0.27 ghi	1.03 ± 0.08 abc	近球形Almost spherical
‘禅寺丸’Zenjimaru	34.44 ± 0.48 ijkl	36.15 ± 0.48 fgh	0.93 ± 0.12 l	近球形Almost spherical
雄株10号Male 10	37.07 ± 0.22 def	36.44 ± 0.26 ghi	1.02 ± 0.06 abcdef	近球形Almost spherical
雄株8号Male 8	38.28 ± 0.39 c	38.89 ± 0.42 cd	0.99 ± 0.11 fghi	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄1 Dabie Mountain Male 1	34.82 ± 0.27 ijk	36.03 ± 0.27 ghij	0.97 ± 0.06 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄2 Dabie Mountain Male 2	37.34 ± 0.39 cde	36.34 ± 0.50 ghi	1.03 ± 0.23 ab	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄3 Dabie Mountain Male 3	35.37 ± 0.32 hi	34.53 ± 0.36 lmn	1.03 ± 0.10 abcd	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄4 Dabie Mountain Male 4	33.84 ± 0.26 klmn	35.01 ± 0.28 jkl	0.97 ± 0.09 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄5 Dabie Mountain Male 5	37.37 ± 0.27 cde	37.64 ± 0.30 ef	0.99 ± 0.09 defgh	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄6 Dabie Mountain Male 6	34.89 ± 0.17 ijk	35.40 ± 0.27 ijkl	0.99 ± 0.08 efghi	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄7 Dabie Mountain Male 7	36.45 ± 0.57 efg	35.53 ± 0.53 ijkl	1.03 ± 0.28 ab	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄8 Dabie Mountain Male 8	39.24 ± 0.28 b	41.12 ± 0.35 b	0.96 ± 0.07 ijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄9 Dabie Mountain Male 9	38.23 ± 0.43 c	37.57 ± 0.48 ef	1.02 ± 0.08 abcde	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄10 Dabie Mountain Male 10	37.99 ± 0.66 cd	39.40 ± 0.59 c	0.96 ± 0.12 hijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄11 Dabie Mountain Male 11	34.22 ± 0.28 jklm	36.71 ± 0.48 fgh	0.94 ± 0.11 l	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄12 Dabie Mountain Male 12	32.78 ± 0.21 o	34.86 ± 0.24 klm	0.94 ± 0.06 kl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄13 Dabie Mountain Male 13	35.98 ± 0.5 ghi	35.49 ± 0.34 ijkl	1.02 ± 0.14 abcdef	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄14 Dabie Mountain Male 14	35.27 ± 0.21 hij	33.81 ± 0.22 mn	1.04 ± 0.08 a	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄15 Dabie Mountain Male 15	42.93 ± 0.42 a	44.29 ± 0.39 a	0.97 ± 0.05 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄16 Dabie Mountain Male 16	33.31 ± 0.37 mno	34.70 ± 0.35 klm	0.96 ± 0.17 hijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄17 Dabie Mountain Male 17	36.07 ± 0.3 fgh	35.75 ± 0.32 hijk	1.01 ± 0.06 bcdef	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄18 Dabie Mountain Male 18	32.97 ± 0.29 no	34.71 ± 0.36 klm	0.95 ± 0.09 jkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄19 Dabie Mountain Male 19	33.70 ± 0.19 lmno	33.60 ± 0.21 n	1.00 ± 0.06 bcdefg	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄20 Dabie Mountain Male 20	35.19 ± 0.32 hij	35.37 ± 0.26 ijkl	1.00 ± 0.09 cdefgh	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄21 Dabie Mountain Male 21	34.70 ± 0.26 ijkl	36.95 ± 0.30 fg	0.94 ± 0.06 kl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄22 Dabie Mountain Male 22	37.54 ± 0.19 cde	39.13 ± 0.19 c	0.96 ± 0.05 ijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄23 Dabie Mountain Male 23	37.03 ± 0.22 def	38.01 ± 0.27 de	0.98 ± 0.07 ghij	近球形Almost spherical

样品名 Name	花粉极轴长/μm Polar axis（P）	花粉赤道轴长/μm Equatorial axis（E）	P/E	花粉粒形状 Pollen shape
‘太秋’Taishuu	37.28 ± 0.34 cde	36.33 ± 0.27 ghi	1.03 ± 0.08 abc	近球形Almost spherical
‘禅寺丸’Zenjimaru	34.44 ± 0.48 ijkl	36.15 ± 0.48 fgh	0.93 ± 0.12 l	近球形Almost spherical
雄株10号Male 10	37.07 ± 0.22 def	36.44 ± 0.26 ghi	1.02 ± 0.06 abcdef	近球形Almost spherical
雄株8号Male 8	38.28 ± 0.39 c	38.89 ± 0.42 cd	0.99 ± 0.11 fghi	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄1 Dabie Mountain Male 1	34.82 ± 0.27 ijk	36.03 ± 0.27 ghij	0.97 ± 0.06 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄2 Dabie Mountain Male 2	37.34 ± 0.39 cde	36.34 ± 0.50 ghi	1.03 ± 0.23 ab	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄3 Dabie Mountain Male 3	35.37 ± 0.32 hi	34.53 ± 0.36 lmn	1.03 ± 0.10 abcd	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄4 Dabie Mountain Male 4	33.84 ± 0.26 klmn	35.01 ± 0.28 jkl	0.97 ± 0.09 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄5 Dabie Mountain Male 5	37.37 ± 0.27 cde	37.64 ± 0.30 ef	0.99 ± 0.09 defgh	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄6 Dabie Mountain Male 6	34.89 ± 0.17 ijk	35.40 ± 0.27 ijkl	0.99 ± 0.08 efghi	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄7 Dabie Mountain Male 7	36.45 ± 0.57 efg	35.53 ± 0.53 ijkl	1.03 ± 0.28 ab	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄8 Dabie Mountain Male 8	39.24 ± 0.28 b	41.12 ± 0.35 b	0.96 ± 0.07 ijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄9 Dabie Mountain Male 9	38.23 ± 0.43 c	37.57 ± 0.48 ef	1.02 ± 0.08 abcde	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄10 Dabie Mountain Male 10	37.99 ± 0.66 cd	39.40 ± 0.59 c	0.96 ± 0.12 hijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄11 Dabie Mountain Male 11	34.22 ± 0.28 jklm	36.71 ± 0.48 fgh	0.94 ± 0.11 l	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄12 Dabie Mountain Male 12	32.78 ± 0.21 o	34.86 ± 0.24 klm	0.94 ± 0.06 kl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄13 Dabie Mountain Male 13	35.98 ± 0.5 ghi	35.49 ± 0.34 ijkl	1.02 ± 0.14 abcdef	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄14 Dabie Mountain Male 14	35.27 ± 0.21 hij	33.81 ± 0.22 mn	1.04 ± 0.08 a	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄15 Dabie Mountain Male 15	42.93 ± 0.42 a	44.29 ± 0.39 a	0.97 ± 0.05 hijk	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄16 Dabie Mountain Male 16	33.31 ± 0.37 mno	34.70 ± 0.35 klm	0.96 ± 0.17 hijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄17 Dabie Mountain Male 17	36.07 ± 0.3 fgh	35.75 ± 0.32 hijk	1.01 ± 0.06 bcdef	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄18 Dabie Mountain Male 18	32.97 ± 0.29 no	34.71 ± 0.36 klm	0.95 ± 0.09 jkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄19 Dabie Mountain Male 19	33.70 ± 0.19 lmno	33.60 ± 0.21 n	1.00 ± 0.06 bcdefg	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄20 Dabie Mountain Male 20	35.19 ± 0.32 hij	35.37 ± 0.26 ijkl	1.00 ± 0.09 cdefgh	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄21 Dabie Mountain Male 21	34.70 ± 0.26 ijkl	36.95 ± 0.30 fg	0.94 ± 0.06 kl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄22 Dabie Mountain Male 22	37.54 ± 0.19 cde	39.13 ± 0.19 c	0.96 ± 0.05 ijkl	近球形Almost spherical
大别山雄23 Dabie Mountain Male 23	37.03 ± 0.22 def	38.01 ± 0.27 de	0.98 ± 0.07 ghij	近球形Almost spherical