上海地区不结球白菜农艺性状和营养品质分析与评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以上海地区秋冬季栽培的4种苏州青类型和4种上海青类型的不结球白菜（Brassica campestris ssp．chinensis Makino）为供试材料，分析了株高、叶片数、叶柄厚度、单株质量等农艺性状，对营养品质进行评价，并对以硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐为代表的安全指标进行评估，探明苏州青和上海青两类不结球白菜在农艺性状和营养安全品质上的差异。其中，苏州青类型不结球白菜的叶色及叶柄颜色较深，株形矮壮，叶片近圆形；上海青类型不结球白菜叶色较浅，植株直立性和束腰性较好，叶片呈卵圆形。上海青类型的株高、叶柄长显著高于苏州青类型，而苏州青类型的叶柄厚、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量显著高于上海青类型。

关键词: 不结球白菜, 性状, 营养安全, 品质

Abstract:

Four cultivars of Suzhouqing type and four cultivars of Shanghaiqing type non-heading Chinese cabbage，cultivated during autumn-winter in Shanghai，were selected to investigate the difference and relationship between agronomic traits，nutritional quality and safety indicators. This study analyzed and evaluated agronomic traits（plant height，leaf number，petiole thickness，individual plant weight），evaluated the nutritional quality，and assessed the safety indicators represented by nitrate and nitrite．Significant differences were observed in plant height，petiole length，petiole thickness，and vitamin C content between the two types．The plant height and petiole length of Shanghaiqing type were significantly higher than those of Suzhouqing，while the petiole thickness，soluble solids，and vitamin C content of Suzhouqing type were significantly higher than those of Shanghaiqing type.

Key words: non-heading Chinese cabbage, trait, nutritional safety, quality

吴珏, 施颖红, 唐玉英, 王馨曼, 占绣萍. 上海地区不结球白菜农艺性状和营养品质分析与评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 219-228.

WU Jue, SHI Yinghong, TANG Yuying, WANG Xinman, ZHAN Xiuping. Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Quality in Different Types of Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage for Autumn-Winter Cultivation in Shanghai[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 219-228.

图/表 6

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类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	束腰性 Girdling	叶色 Leaf colour	叶片光泽 Leaf luster	叶形 Leaf shape	叶柄色 Petiole colour
苏州青 Suzhouqing	苏青7号 Suqing 7	中 Medium	深绿色 Dark green	弱 Weak	近圆形，微皱 Suborbicular，slightly wrinkled	中等绿色 Medium green
	黑骑士2号 Black Knight 2	中 Medium	深绿色 Dark green	强 Strong	近圆形，光滑，边缘内卷 Suborbicular，smooth，margin involute	深绿色 Dark green
	君美苏州青 Junmei Suzhouqing	弱 Weak	中等绿色 Medium green	弱 Weak	近圆形，平展 Suborbicular，flat	浅绿色 Light green
	苏秀2号 Suxiu 2	弱 Weak	墨绿色 Deep green	强 Strong	近圆形，平展 Suborbicular，flat	中等绿色 Medium green
上海青 Shanghaiqing	苏青17号 Suqing 17	强 Strong	中等绿色 Medium green	无 None	卵圆形 Ovate	浅绿色 Light green
	甬青8号 Yongqing 8	强 Strong	浅绿色 Light green	无 None	卵圆形 Ovate	绿白色 Greenish-white
	新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	中 Medium	黄绿色 Yellowish-green	无 None	椭圆形 Elliptical	绿白色 Greenish-white
	东方1008 Dongfang 1008	中 Medium	中等绿色 Medium green	无 None	椭圆形 Elliptical	中等绿色 Medium green

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	束腰性 Girdling	叶色 Leaf colour	叶片光泽 Leaf luster	叶形 Leaf shape	叶柄色 Petiole colour
苏州青 Suzhouqing	苏青7号 Suqing 7	中 Medium	深绿色 Dark green	弱 Weak	近圆形，微皱 Suborbicular，slightly wrinkled	中等绿色 Medium green
	黑骑士2号 Black Knight 2	中 Medium	深绿色 Dark green	强 Strong	近圆形，光滑，边缘内卷 Suborbicular，smooth，margin involute	深绿色 Dark green
	君美苏州青 Junmei Suzhouqing	弱 Weak	中等绿色 Medium green	弱 Weak	近圆形，平展 Suborbicular，flat	浅绿色 Light green
	苏秀2号 Suxiu 2	弱 Weak	墨绿色 Deep green	强 Strong	近圆形，平展 Suborbicular，flat	中等绿色 Medium green
上海青 Shanghaiqing	苏青17号 Suqing 17	强 Strong	中等绿色 Medium green	无 None	卵圆形 Ovate	浅绿色 Light green
	甬青8号 Yongqing 8	强 Strong	浅绿色 Light green	无 None	卵圆形 Ovate	绿白色 Greenish-white
	新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	中 Medium	黄绿色 Yellowish-green	无 None	椭圆形 Elliptical	绿白色 Greenish-white
	东方1008 Dongfang 1008	中 Medium	中等绿色 Medium green	无 None	椭圆形 Elliptical	中等绿色 Medium green

品种 Cultivar	株高/cm Plant height	最大开展度/cm Maximum development degree		叶片数/片 Leaf number		叶长/cm Leaf length		叶宽/cm Leaf wide
苏青7号Suqing 7	19.60 ± 1.82 ab	26.20 ± 1.10 ab		22.00 ± 1.67 a		21.88 ± 0.29 ab		11.54 ± 0.28 a
黑骑士2号Black Knight 2	18.00 ± 0.7 1 bc	27.20 ± 3.49 ab		18.00 ± 0.71 bc		18.34 ± 0.83 ce		10.26 ± 0.31 ab
君美苏州青Junmei Suzhouqing	17.80 ± 1.30 bc	26.00 ± 2.65 ab		18.00 ± 0.71 bc		18.34 ± 0.61 ce		11.62 ± 0.51 a
苏秀2号Suxiu 2	16.00 ± 2.55 c	22.80 ± 1.92 b		16.00 ± 2.55 c		18.12 ± 1.21 e		8.88 ± 0.42 bc
苏青17号Suqing 17	20.60 ± 2.50 ab	27.00 ± 3.94 ab		21.00 ± 2.51 ab		20.20 ± 0.70 bce		8.64 ± 0.41 c
甬青8号Yongqing 8	20.80 ± 3.83 ab	26.60 ± 3.58 ab		20.00 ± 1.82 ab		21.10 ± 0.89 abc		9.70 ± 0.32 bc
新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	21.60 ± 1.67 a	29.00 ± 2.24 a		21.00 ± 2.51 ab		20.84 ± 0.70 bce		7.16 ± 0.15 e
东方1008 Dongfang 1008	22.20 ± 1.64 a	26.20 ± 1.10 ab		22.00 ± 1.67 a		23.86 ± 1.05 a		9.80 ± 0.56 bc
品种 Cultivar	叶柄长/cm Petiole length	叶柄宽/cm Petiole wide	叶柄厚/mm Petiole thickness		单株质量/g Single-plant weight		产量/（kg · hm^-2） Yield
苏青7号Suqing 7	5.20 ± 0.45 c	3.40 ± 0.45 a	6.00 ± 0.01 a		254.96 ± 43.17 a		68 873.70 ± 5 215.95 a
黑骑士2号Black Knight 2	5.40 ± 0.55 bc	2.00 ± 0.01 c	5.00 ± 1.00 ab		169.28 ± 5.13 ab		46 099.95 ± 1 385.25 ab
君美苏州青Junmei Suzhouqing	5.40 ± 0.55 bc	3.20 ± 0.45 a	5.00 ± 0.01 ab		208.48 ± 40.04 ab		56 335.05 ± 4 836.75 ab
苏秀2号Suxiu 2	5.80 ± 2.71 de	2.20 ± 0.45 bc	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		152.56 ± 28.02 b		41 214.00 ± 12 170.1 b
苏青17号Suqing 17	6.20 ± 0.45 cde	3.00 ± 0.71 ab	3.33 ± 0.58 cd		162.56 ± 45.05 b		43 914.00 ± 7 569.75 b
甬青8号Yongqing 8	7.00 ± 1.87 bc	3.40 ± 0.55 a	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		185.44 ± 56.55 ab		50 094.00 ± 6 829.8 ab
新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	7.20 ± 0.84 ab	3.20 ± 0.84 a	2.33 ± 0.58 d		177.04 ± 36.45 ab		47 823.00 ± 4 403.4 ab
东方1008 Dongfang 1008	9.00 ± 1.00 a	2.80 ± 0.45 abc	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		236.72 ± 45.93 ab		63 945.00 ± 5 550.00 ab

品种 Cultivar	株高/cm Plant height	最大开展度/cm Maximum development degree		叶片数/片 Leaf number		叶长/cm Leaf length		叶宽/cm Leaf wide
苏青7号Suqing 7	19.60 ± 1.82 ab	26.20 ± 1.10 ab		22.00 ± 1.67 a		21.88 ± 0.29 ab		11.54 ± 0.28 a
黑骑士2号Black Knight 2	18.00 ± 0.7 1 bc	27.20 ± 3.49 ab		18.00 ± 0.71 bc		18.34 ± 0.83 ce		10.26 ± 0.31 ab
君美苏州青Junmei Suzhouqing	17.80 ± 1.30 bc	26.00 ± 2.65 ab		18.00 ± 0.71 bc		18.34 ± 0.61 ce		11.62 ± 0.51 a
苏秀2号Suxiu 2	16.00 ± 2.55 c	22.80 ± 1.92 b		16.00 ± 2.55 c		18.12 ± 1.21 e		8.88 ± 0.42 bc
苏青17号Suqing 17	20.60 ± 2.50 ab	27.00 ± 3.94 ab		21.00 ± 2.51 ab		20.20 ± 0.70 bce		8.64 ± 0.41 c
甬青8号Yongqing 8	20.80 ± 3.83 ab	26.60 ± 3.58 ab		20.00 ± 1.82 ab		21.10 ± 0.89 abc		9.70 ± 0.32 bc
新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	21.60 ± 1.67 a	29.00 ± 2.24 a		21.00 ± 2.51 ab		20.84 ± 0.70 bce		7.16 ± 0.15 e
东方1008 Dongfang 1008	22.20 ± 1.64 a	26.20 ± 1.10 ab		22.00 ± 1.67 a		23.86 ± 1.05 a		9.80 ± 0.56 bc
品种 Cultivar	叶柄长/cm Petiole length	叶柄宽/cm Petiole wide	叶柄厚/mm Petiole thickness		单株质量/g Single-plant weight		产量/（kg · hm^-2） Yield
苏青7号Suqing 7	5.20 ± 0.45 c	3.40 ± 0.45 a	6.00 ± 0.01 a		254.96 ± 43.17 a		68 873.70 ± 5 215.95 a
黑骑士2号Black Knight 2	5.40 ± 0.55 bc	2.00 ± 0.01 c	5.00 ± 1.00 ab		169.28 ± 5.13 ab		46 099.95 ± 1 385.25 ab
君美苏州青Junmei Suzhouqing	5.40 ± 0.55 bc	3.20 ± 0.45 a	5.00 ± 0.01 ab		208.48 ± 40.04 ab		56 335.05 ± 4 836.75 ab
苏秀2号Suxiu 2	5.80 ± 2.71 de	2.20 ± 0.45 bc	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		152.56 ± 28.02 b		41 214.00 ± 12 170.1 b
苏青17号Suqing 17	6.20 ± 0.45 cde	3.00 ± 0.71 ab	3.33 ± 0.58 cd		162.56 ± 45.05 b		43 914.00 ± 7 569.75 b
甬青8号Yongqing 8	7.00 ± 1.87 bc	3.40 ± 0.55 a	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		185.44 ± 56.55 ab		50 094.00 ± 6 829.8 ab
新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	7.20 ± 0.84 ab	3.20 ± 0.84 a	2.33 ± 0.58 d		177.04 ± 36.45 ab		47 823.00 ± 4 403.4 ab
东方1008 Dongfang 1008	9.00 ± 1.00 a	2.80 ± 0.45 abc	4.33 ± 0.58 bc		236.72 ± 45.93 ab		63 945.00 ± 5 550.00 ab

品种 Cultivar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	粗纤维/% Cellulose	维生素C/(mg · kg^-1) Vitamin C	亚硝酸盐/ (mg · kg^-1) Nitrite	硝酸盐/(mg · kg^-1) Nitrate
苏青7号Suqing 7	2.66 ± 0.01 b	0.62 ± 0.02 a	386.12 ± 6.01 b	1.21 ± 0.04 d	557.30 ± 0.46 e
黑骑士2号Black Knight 2	3.07 ± 0.29 ab	0.58 ± 0.03 a	357.57 ± 6.23 c	1.43 ± 0.08 c	757.52 ± 1.26 a
君美苏州青Junmei Suzhouqing	2.66 ± 0.40 b	0.52 ± 0.02 b	385.35 ± 9.30 b	0.82 ± 0.07 e	625.11 ± 0.72 cd
苏秀2号Suxiu 2	3.47 ± 0.46 a	0.63 ± 0.03 a	486.55 ± 9.42 a	2.09 ± 0.15 b	719.05 ± 0.79 b
苏青17号Suqing 17	2.66 ± 0.24 b	0.61 ± 0.03 a	294.06 ± 6.00 f	2.59 ± 0.08 a	648.16 ± 0.82 c
甬青8号Yongqing 8	2.67 ± 0.14 b	0.50 ± 0.03 b	285.74 ± 4.53 f	0.97 ± 0.01 e	548.95 ± 1.49 e
新海青375 Xinhaiqing 375	2.66 ± 0.18 b	0.58 ± 0.02 a	310.67 ± 8.35 e	2.22 ± 0.12 b	640.02 ± 0.80 cd
东方1008 Dongfang 1008	2.68 ± 0.07 b	0.59 ± 0.04 a	341.74 ± 3.37 d	0.91 ± 0.08 e	615.23 ± 0.84 d