不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片转录组差异表达分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0781

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 3288-3302.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0781

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片转录组差异表达分析

彭朝凤¹^,², 齐帅征², 耿喜宁², 姚鹏强², 谢丽华², 张钰²^,³, 陈明辉², 施江¹^,^*(), 程世平²^,^*()

¹ 河南科技大学农学院/牡丹学院，河南洛阳 471000
² 平顶山学院化学与环境工程学院，河南省生态经济型木本植物种质创新与利用重点实验室，河南平顶山 467000
³ 河南科技大学园林与植物保护学院，河南洛阳 471000

收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-20
通讯作者:
*（E-mail：shipingcheng@163.com，
shijiang66@126.com）
基金资助:
河南省科技攻关项目(252102110305)

Differential Expressed Analysis by Transcriptome Sequencing in Leaves of Different Ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’

PENG Chaofeng¹^,², QI Shuaizheng², GENG Xining², YAO Pengqiang², XIE Lihua², ZHANG Yu²^,³, CHEN Minghui², SHI Jiang¹^,^*(), CHENG Shiping²^,^*()

¹ College of Agriculture/Tree Peony，Henan University of Science & Technology，Luoyang，Henan 471000，China
² Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant，School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering，Pingdingshan University，Pingdingshan，Henan 467000，China
³ College of Agriculture/Tree Peony，Henan University of Science & Technology，Luoyang，Henan 471000，China

Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-09-26 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹（Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’）盛花期和花衰败期叶片为试验材料，分析其叶片表型、解剖结构和转录组变化。结果表明，叶面积大小顺序为三倍体 > 四倍体 > 二倍体；叶片厚度与叶脉直径大小为四倍体 > 三倍体 > 二倍体。与二倍体叶片相比，盛开期三倍体叶片中SAUR23、SAUR32、ARR4、IPT3和IPT5等19个基因上调表达，四倍体叶片中SAUR78、CYCD3、ARP5、ZOG2、HEMD和HEME等18个基因上调表达；衰败期三倍体叶片中ARF10、IPT9和HEMB等10个基因上调表达，四倍体叶片中AHP4、CKX7、ZOG、UGT83A1、PAO和SGR等13个基因上调表达。对光合生物的固碳作用途径中的差异基因分析表明，GAPC、MDH在盛开期三倍体叶片中的表达量较高。加权基因共表达网络分析（weighted gene co-expression network analysis，WGCNA）表明，TCTP、BTB、BRH1和PsMYC2等18个核心基因在三倍体中的表达量较高，GLY、NmrA-like和WAT1等15个核心基因在四倍体中高表达， qRT-PCR结果证明转录组测序数据可靠。表明这些基因的差异表达影响了多倍体‘凤丹’牡丹叶片的生长发育。

关键词: 牡丹, 多倍体, 转录组测序, 加权基因共表达网络分析

Abstract:

In this study，the leaves from different ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’at blooming and flower decay stage as test materials，the change of leaf phenotype，anatomical structure and transcriptome were analyed. The results showed that the order of leaf area size was triploid > tetraploid > diploid；the order of leaf blade thickness and vein diameter were tetraploid > triploid > diploid. Compared with diploid flowering leaves，19 genes such as SAUR23，SAUR32，ARR4，IPT3，and IPT5 were up-regulated expression in triploid leaves at blooming stage；18 genes，including SAUR78，CYCD3，ARP5，ZOG2，HEMD，and HEME，were up-regulated expression in tetraploid leaves at bloom stage. Up-regulated expression of 10 genes including ARF10，IPT9，and HEMB in triploid leaves at flower decay stage；13 genes，including AHP4，CKX7，ZOG，UGT83A1，PAO，and SGR，were up-regulated expression in tetraploid leaves at flower decay stage. The analysis of differential genes in the pathway of carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms showed that the expression levels of GAPC and MDH genes were higher in triploid leaves at blooming stage. WGCNA analyses showed that 18 core genes，including TCTP，BTB，BRH1 and PsMYC2，were expressed at higher levels in triploid，and 15 core genes，such as GLY，NmrA-like and WAT1，were highly expressed in tetraploid. The result of qRT-PCR confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq data. The differential expression of these genes affected the growth and development of polyploid P. ostii‘Fengdan’leaves.

Key words: Paeonia ostii, polyploid, transcriptome sequencing, WGCNA analysis

彭朝凤, 齐帅征, 耿喜宁, 姚鹏强, 谢丽华, 张钰, 陈明辉, 施江, 程世平. 不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片转录组差异表达分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(12): 3288-3302.

PENG Chaofeng, QI Shuaizheng, GENG Xining, YAO Pengqiang, XIE Lihua, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Minghui, SHI Jiang, CHENG Shiping. Differential Expressed Analysis by Transcriptome Sequencing in Leaves of Different Ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(12): 3288-3302.

图/表 10

图1 叶片取样位置示意图 a，b，c表示‘凤丹’牡丹复叶中小叶的取样位置

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of leaf sampling location a，b，and c indicate the sampling positions of the leaflets in the compound leaf of‘Fengdan’

图2 不同倍性和时期‘凤丹’牡丹叶片表型（A）及解剖结构（B）

Fig. 2 Phenotypes（A）and anatomical structures（B）of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’leaves of different ploidy and period

表 1 不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片生长差异

Table 1 Growth characteristics of different ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’

倍性 Ploidy	叶长/cm Leaf length	叶宽/cm Leaf width	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	叶片厚度/μm Leaf thickness	叶脉直径/μm Vein diameter
二倍体 Diploid	9.56 ± 0.50 a	2.93 ± 0.25 b	23.38 ± 2.08 b	152.70 ± 15.34 c	828.08 ± 46.42 b
三倍体 Triploid	9.03 ± 0.85 a	5.80 ± 0.87 a	34.86 ± 5.76 a	206.76 ± 14.19 b	840.70 ± 34.38 b
四倍体 Tetraploid	7.23 ± 0.25 b	3.80 ± 0.50 b	25.01 ± 3.01 b	233.81 ± 18.95 a	976.92 ± 56.21 a

表2 转录组测序数据质量分析

Table 2 Quality analysis of transcriptome sequencing data

样品倍性 Sample Ploidy		原始数据 Raw reads	质控数据 Clean reads	质控数据碱基数 Clean base（G）	Q20/%	Q30/%	GC含量/% GC Content
盛花期 Full flowering period	二倍体 Diploid	59 143 608	55 527 696	8.33	98.96	96.66	45.23
		53 698 588	50 179 058	7.53	98.82	96.25	45.10
		54 181 490	50 801 050	7.62	98.77	96.10	45.07
	三倍体 Triploid	43 391 280	41 104 402	6.17	98.85	96.31	45.15
		53 750 618	50 548 380	7.58	99.01	96.79	45.17
		50 647 764	47 605 318	7.14	98.98	96.73	45.17
	四倍体 Tetraploid	57 476 282	54 146 594	8.12	98.96	96.66	45.05
		43 140 704	40 339 548	6.05	98.92	96.54	44.98
		49 974 664	47 103 112	7.07	98.84	96.29	44.90
花衰败期 Flower decay period	二倍体 Diploid	57 079 036	53 328 478	8.00	99.01	96.81	44.77
		52 656 282	49 232 680	7.38	98.83	96.22	44.75
		52 691 956	49 349 472	7.40	98.79	96.10	44.82
	三倍体 Triploid	58 114 202	54 795 360	8.22	98.91	96.47	44.95
		48 957 976	45 976 076	6.90	98.90	96.43	44.95
		53 091 772	50 658 874	7.60	98.86	96.32	44.90
	四倍体 Tetraploid	57 574 644	55 121 600	8.27	98.76	96.04	44.88
		55 111 304	52 274 248	7.84	99.00	96.78	45.01
		54 178 576	50 654 914	7.60	99.00	96.79	45.03

图3 不同倍性与时期‘凤丹’牡丹叶片差异表达基因（DEG）（A）和维恩图（B） B2：盛开期二倍体；B3：盛开期三倍体；B4：盛开期四倍体；D2：衰败期二倍体；D3：衰败期三倍体；D4：衰败期四倍体

Fig. 3 Differential expression genes（DEG）（A）and venn diagram（B）in the leaves Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’under different ploidys and periods B2：Diploid during the blooming period；B3：Triploid during the blooming period；B4：Tetraploid during the blooming period；D2：Diploid during the decline period；D3：Triploid during the decline period；D4：Tetraploid during the decline period

图4 多倍体‘凤丹’牡丹叶片中生长素信号传导（A）、细胞分裂素信号传导（B）、玉米素生物合成（C）和叶绿素代谢途径（D）差异表达基因的热图 B2：盛开期二倍体；B3：盛开期三倍体；B4：盛开期四倍体；D2：衰败期二倍体；D3：衰败期三倍体；D4：衰败期四倍体。下同

Fig. 4 Heatmap of the DEG in auxin signaling transduction（A），cytokinin signaling transduction（B），zeatin biosynthesis（C）and chlorophyll metabolic pathways（D）during polyploid leaf of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’ B2：Diploid during the blooming period；B3：Triploid during the blooming period；B4：Tetraploid during the blooming period；D2：Diploid during the decline period；D3：Triploid during the decline period；D4：Tetraploid during the decline period. The same below

图5 B3 vs. B2和B4 vs. B2光合生物的固碳作用途径差异基因

Fig. 5 Differential genes in thecarbon fixation in photosynthetic organismspathway of B3 vs. B2 and B4 vs. B2

图6 基因聚类树（A）及其模块与不同倍性和时期植株的相关性（B）

Fig. 6 Gene clustering tree（A）and gene modules correlate with plant ploidy and period（B）

图7 核心基因的共表达网络

Fig. 7 Co-expression network of core genes

图8 qRT-PCR验证转录组数据的稳定性不同小写字母代表有显著差异（P < 0.05）

Fig. 8 The stability of transcriptome data was verified by qRT-PCR Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）

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不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片转录组差异表达分析

Differential Expressed Analysis by Transcriptome Sequencing in Leaves of Different Ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’

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不同倍性‘凤丹’牡丹叶片转录组差异表达分析

Differential Expressed Analysis by Transcriptome Sequencing in Leaves of Different Ploidy Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’

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