非呼吸跃变和呼吸跃变型甜瓜成熟果实的激素与转录组分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0371

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甜瓜果实按照成熟习性可分为非呼吸跃变和呼吸跃变两种类型，其不同的激素、糖类代谢等成熟相关调控机制不十分清楚。对非呼吸跃变和呼吸跃变型甜瓜成熟果实进行激素代谢物分析，发现非呼吸跃变型甜瓜果实中脱落酸（ABA）、1-氨基环烷羧酸（ACC）、反式玉米素核苷-5′-单磷酸二钠盐（tZRMP）和生长素含量较高；进一步对非呼吸跃变型和呼吸跃变型甜瓜成熟果实的差异代谢物进行KEGG富集分析，结果表明“代谢途径”“植物激素信号转导”和“各种生物碱的生物合成”在非呼吸跃变型和呼吸跃变型甜瓜成熟果实中差异较大。通过RNA-seq建库和qRT-PCR鉴定到CmARF，CmARR2-like，CmGAI-like，CmPP2C，CmACO和CmEIL与激素代谢差异表达相关。在非呼吸跃变型甜瓜果实成熟中，ABA、吲哚、ACC和GA起关键作用；但在呼吸跃变型甜瓜果实中，除ABA外，IAA、GA和ETH信号通路也参与了调控。

关键词: 甜瓜, 果实成熟, 植物激素, 转录组, 基因表达

Abstract:

Melon can be divided into non-climacteric and climacteric according to mature habituation，but the most important hormones，sugar metabolites and genetic regulatory mechanisms remain elusive between non-climacteric and climacteric melon. Plant hormone metabolism detection revealed that abscisic acid（ABA），and the content of 1-aminocyclop ropanecarboxylic acid（ACC），trans-Zeatin Riboside-5′-monophosphate Disodium Salt（tZRMP）and auxin were higher in mature non-climacteric melon. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes（DEGs）revealed“metabolic pathways”，“plant hormone signal transduction”and“biosynthesis of various alkaloids” were significantly different in the ripe fruits of non-climacteric and climacteric melons. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to identify important genes，enzymes and pathways that are involved in sugar and hormone metabolites. CmARF，CmARR2-like，CmGAI-like，CmPP2C，CmACO and CmEIL associated with plant hormone metabolism were identified in mature melon. ABA，Indole，ACC and GA pathways play key roles in non-climacteric melon. While besides ABA，IAA，GA，and ethylene（ETH）signaling pathways were also involved in regulating the maturation of climacteric melon.

Key words: melon, fruit ripening, phytohormone, transcriptome, gene expression

唐伶俐, 贺玉花, 王庆涛, 安璐璐, 徐永阳, 张健, 孔维虎, 户克云, 赵光伟. 非呼吸跃变和呼吸跃变型甜瓜成熟果实的激素与转录组分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 883-896.

TANG Lingli, HE Yuhua, WANG Qingtao, AN Lulu, XU Yongyang, ZHANG Jian, KONG Weihu, HU Keyun, ZHAO Guangwei. Hormonal and Transcriptome Analysis of Ripe Fruits of Non-Climacteric and Climacteric Melon[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 883-896.

图/表 9

表1 本研究中所用定量引物

Table 1 The qRT-PCR primers used in this study

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
RT-CmARF-F	GGCAGTCTTGTGTTTCGGC	RT-CmGH3.3-2-R	TCCCCATTGGCAATACGGT
RT-CmARF-R	GCTCCAGATTCGTCGATGC	RT-CmACO-F	GAGCGACCGACCATCTTAG
RT-CmARR2-like-F	GTCTACGGCCAGTTCCAGT	RT-CmACO-R	CGTTTAGTCCTTTGCTGGC
RT-CmARR2-like-R	GAGTGCATCCTCCGCTCG	RT-CmGAI-like-F	CGGAGGATCGTGAAAGGAG
RT-CmEIL-F	GCTCCACCAACGGATCCTG	RT-CmGAI-like-R	GCTCCAACTTCAAAGCGAC
RT-CmEIL-R	GCCTGGTCTTGAGACTGTCG	RT-CmACTIN-F	GCATCTCTAAGTACCTTCC
RT-CmGH3.3-2-F	TGTCACTACCAACGCCGAC	RT-CmACTIN-R	CCAACTAAAGGGAAATAAC

图1 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实表型 FL：果长/cm；FD：果宽/cm；SS：可溶性固形物/°Bx

Fig. 1 Fruit phenotypes of the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric（X751，X757）melon FL：Fruit length/cm；FD：Fruit width/cm；SS：Soluble solids/°Bx

图2 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实激素含量比较非呼吸跃变型和呼吸跃变型果实激素含量进行组间比较，P15，P45与X751，X757中所列激素含量都存在极显著差异。t-Test，** P < 0.01

Fig. 2 The comparative hormone content analysis in the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric（X751，X757）melon The significant differences in hormones contents listed in P15，P45（non-climacteric melon）and X751，X757（climacteric melon），when comparing the hormone content between the two different groups. Student’s t-test，** P < 0.01

图3 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实差异代谢物KEGG富集分析

Fig. 3 KEGG enrichment blot analysis of differential metabolites of the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric（X751，X757）melon

图4 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实转录组主成分分析（A）和差异表达基因数量韦恩图（B、C）

Fig. 4 Principal component（A）and DEGs analysis（B，C）of the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric melon（X751，X757）

图5 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实蔗糖代谢相关基因转录分析非呼吸跃变型和呼吸跃变型果实基因表达进行组间比较。t-Test，∗∗ P < 0.01

Fig. 5 Genes related to sugar metabolite of the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric（X751，X757）melon Comparison of gene expression between non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. Student’s t-test，∗∗ P < 0.01

图6 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（A）呼吸跃变型（B）果实激素与基因共表达网络蓝色和青色模块中显示高度相关的基因的网络，其对应拓扑重叠的阈值为0.08

Fig. 6 Hormone and gene co-expression network analysis of the non-climacteric（A）and climacteric（B）melon The network of the most highly correlated genes which were in the blue and cyan module. In this network，the corresponding topological overlap is above a threshold of 0.08

图7 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P15、P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751、X757）果实激素信号途径基因的差异表达激素信号转导途径参考Kanehisa等（2023）的报道

Fig. 7 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction of the non-climacteric（P15，P45）and climacteric（X751，X757）melon The plant hormone signal transduction pathways were modified from the Kanehisa et al.，2023

图8 甜瓜非呼吸跃变型（P45）和呼吸跃变型（X751）果实激素信号途径基因表达的qRT-PCR检测以CmACTIN为内参，计算3个生物学反应，误差线表示均值的标准误差。* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

Fig. 8 The qRT-PCR detection of hormone signaling pathway gene expression in non-climacteric（P45）and climacteric（X751）melon fruits CmACTIN was used as an internal control，and three biological replicates were calculated. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

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