苦参碱对茶树炭疽菌的抑菌作用研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了苦参碱（Matrine）对茶树5种炭疽菌：松针刺盘胞菌（Colletotrichum fioriniae）、胶胞炭疽菌（C. gloeosporioides）、重庆炭疽菌（C. chongqingense）、喀斯特炭疽菌（C. karstii）、山茶炭疽菌（C. camelliae）的抑制作用，发现苦参碱对5种茶树炭疽菌均具有较好的抑菌效果，其半最大效应浓度（concentration for 50% of maximal effect）分别为5.856、6.557、3.038、7.963和4.397 mg · mL^-1。苦参碱对不同菌种的抑菌活性有明显差异，在低浓度（1 ~ 8 mg · mL^-1）时，其对C. chongqingense与C. camelliae具有较好抑菌效果；浓度增加至22 mg · mL^-1时，对5种炭疽菌的抑菌率均达95%以上。显微镜检发现，苦参碱对5种炭疽菌的菌丝和分生孢子存在明显影响，部分菌丝出现不规则膨大现象，分生孢子数随苦参碱浓度增大而减少，部分分生孢子形态出现扭曲变形。对病原菌进行生物活性测定发现，炭疽菌的细胞结构被破坏，细胞透性增大，细胞氧化应激反应增强。研究结果明确了苦参碱对不同茶树炭疽菌种的抑菌活性，并初步阐明了其通过损伤细胞膜来抑菌的作用机制，为茶树炭疽菌的病害防治提供了理论基础。

关键词: 茶树, 苦参碱, 炭疽菌, 抑菌活性, 作用机制, 分生孢子, 生物活性

Abstract:

In order to explore the application prospect of matrine in the prevention and treatment of tea disease，the antifungal activity of matrine on five different Colletotrichum species including C. fioriniae，C. gloeosporioides，C. chongqingense，C. karstii and C. camelliae has been determined in this study. The results showed that matrine had significant inhibitory activity against five different Colletotrichum species. EC₅₀（concentration for 50% of maximal effect）of the five Colletotrichum species were 5.856，6.557，3.038，7.963 and 4.397 mg · mL^-1，and the antifungal activity of different species are significantly different. At low concentrations（1-8 mg · mL^-1），matrine has a better control effect on both C. chongqingense and C. camelliae. With the increase of the concentration，the inhibitory rates of the five Colletotrichum species were all above 95% at 22 mg · mL^-1. Microscopic examination showed that matrine had a significant effect on the mycelial and conidial growth of five Colletotrichum species. With the increase of matrine concentration，part of hyphae expanded irregularly，the number of conidia decreased and the conidia grew abnormally. Results of the biological activity of Colletotrichum species showed that the cell structure were destroyed，the cell permeability increased，and the cell oxidative stress response enhanced. The results of this study confirmed the antifungal activity of matrine against Colletotrichum species，and preliminarily revealed its antimicrobial mechanism by damaging cell membrane，which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tea brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum.

Key words: tea plant, matrine, Colletotrichum, antifungal activity, mechanism, conidium, bioactivity

中图分类号:

S571.1

程庆华, 张志鹏, 吴艳萍, 万宇鹤, 陈应娟. 苦参碱对茶树炭疽菌的抑菌作用研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(2): 432-440.

CHENG Qinghua, ZHANG Zhipeng, WU Yanping, WAN Yuhe, CHEN Yingjuan. Studies on the Antifungal Effect of Matrine on Colletotrichum Species on Tea Plant[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 432-440.

图/表 7

图1 不同浓度苦参碱对5种炭疽菌的生长抑制率

Fig. 1 Growth inhibition rate of five Colletotrichum species at different concentrations of matrine

表1 苦参碱对5种炭疽菌的抑菌活性

Table 1 Antifungal activity of matrine against five Colletotrichum species

病原菌种 Species	毒力回归方程 Toxic regression equation	R²	EC₅₀/（mg · mL^-1）
松针刺盘胞菌C. fioriniae	y = 2.636x + 2.977	0.869	5.856
胶胞炭疽菌C. gloeosporioides	y = 2.136x + 3.256	0.846	6.557
重庆炭疽菌C. chongqingense	y = 1.643x + 4.207	0.886	3.038
喀斯特炭疽菌C. karstii	y = 2.909x + 2.378	0.824	7.963
山茶炭疽菌C. camelliae	y = 2.569x + 3.349	0.917	4.397

图2 不同浓度苦参碱处理后5种炭疽菌菌落的生长情况

Fig. 2 Colony growth of five Colletotrichum species at different concentrations of matrine

图3 苦参碱对5种炭疽菌菌丝的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of matrine on mycelial growth of five Colletotrichum species

图4 苦参碱对5种炭疽菌分生孢子生长的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of matrine on the conidial growth of five Colletotrichum species

图5 不同浓度苦参碱对5种炭疽菌相对电导率的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 5 Effect of matrine with different concentrations on the relative conductivity of five Colletotrichum species Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments.

图6 22 mg · mL-1苦参碱处理后5种炭疽菌MDA含量的变化

Fig. 6 Changes of MDA content of five Colletotrichum species after 22 mg · mL-1matrine treatment

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