园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 960-972.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0949
收稿日期:
2020-11-30
修回日期:
2021-03-22
出版日期:
2021-05-25
发布日期:
2021-06-07
通讯作者:
李勇
E-mail:liyonmgwf@swu.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZHANG Jingjie, ZHU Yunyun, LU Yifan, LI Yong*()
Received:
2020-11-30
Revised:
2021-03-22
Online:
2021-05-25
Published:
2021-06-07
Contact:
LI Yong
E-mail:liyonmgwf@swu.edu.cn
摘要:
为探究烟管菌(Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’)对番茄灰霉病的生物防治作用,通过平板对峙、带药平板培养以及温室盆栽试验研究了烟管菌‘M1’及其发酵液对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)生长的抑制作用,对番茄灰霉病的防治效果和对植株的促生作用。对峙试验结果表明,菌株‘M1’可显著抑制灰葡萄孢菌丝的生长,光学显微镜与扫描电镜发现‘M1’菌丝可以穿插、缠绕灰葡萄孢菌丝,使灰葡萄孢菌丝出现膨大、扭曲、萎缩等现象,有明显的重寄生作用。拮抗试验表明,菌株‘M1’发酵液(Bj. adustafermentation broth)对灰葡萄孢的抑制率为47.90%,与化学农药腐霉利(Procymidone)效果相当。盆栽试验表明,与只接种灰葡萄孢孢子悬浮液处理相比,施用‘M1’发酵液使番茄灰霉病的病情指数显著降低,防治效果为55.2%;番茄叶片中过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了29.57%、136.15%和534.13%;叶片丙二醛含量和电解质相对外渗率分别下降了19.98%和51.10%,减轻了病菌对植株的损害;番茄的株高、茎粗、地上部分生物量和叶片叶绿素含量也分别显著增加了63.92%、38.04%、87.08%和35.02%,‘M1’发酵液促生效果明显。上述结果表明,烟管菌‘M1’及其发酵液对灰葡萄孢生长有抑制作用,同时其发酵液不仅对番茄灰霉病有较好的防效,还对番茄植株具一定的促生作用。
中图分类号:
张静洁, 朱云云, 卢亦帆, 李勇. 烟管菌‘M1’对番茄灰霉病的防治及促生作用[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(5): 960-972.
ZHANG Jingjie, ZHU Yunyun, LU Yifan, LI Yong. Effects of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’on Gray Mold Prevention and Growth Promotion in Tomato[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(5): 960-972.
图1 烟管菌菌株‘M1’与灰葡萄孢的对峙培养 A:为对峙图,平板左侧为烟管菌‘M1’,右侧为灰葡萄孢菌;B:对照图只接种灰葡萄孢菌。
Fig. 1 Confront culture test of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’andBotrytis cinerea A:Picture of the confrontation,the left side of the plate is Bj. adusta‘M1’,and the right side isBo. cinerea;B:Picture of control,which is only inoculated withBo. Cinerea.
图 2 培养基中烟管菌‘M1’无菌发酵液(BAFB)和农药腐霉利(Pr)对灰葡萄孢的拮抗作用
Fig. 2 Antagonistic effect of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and Procymidone(Pr)onBotrytis cinerea in culture medium
图3 光学显微镜下菌株‘M1’对灰葡萄孢菌丝形态的影响 A:烟管菌‘M1’正常菌丝;B:灰葡萄孢正常菌丝;C ~ F:对峙区的异常菌丝;Bj.:烟管菌菌丝;Bo.:灰葡萄孢菌丝;a:膨大变形;b:缠绕;c:插入;d:扭曲、萎缩。
Fig. 3 Effects of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’on hyphal morphology ofBotrytis cinerea under optical microscope A:Normal hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;B:Normal hyphae ofBo. cinerea;C-F:Abnormal hyphae of confrontation zone;Bj.:Hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;Bo.:Hyphae of Bo. cinereaPers.;a:Swelling deformation;b:Winding;c:Penetration;d:Distortion and atrophy.
图4 扫描电镜下烟管菌‘M1’对灰葡萄孢的重寄生作用 Bj.:烟管菌菌丝;Bo.:灰葡萄孢菌丝;a:缠绕;b:扭曲、萎缩;c:插入。
Fig. 4 The mycoparasitism of strain‘M1’againstBotrytis cinerea under scanning electron microscope Bj.:Hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;Bo.:Hyphae of Bo. cinerea;a:Winding;b:Distortion and atrophy;c:Penetration.
处理 Treatment | 病情指数 Disease index | 防效/% Control effect |
---|---|---|
蒸馏水Sterile water | 0 c | — |
BCS | 77.3 ± 4.99 a | — |
BAFB + BCS | 35.1 ± 6.00 b | 55.2 ± 5.20 a |
Pr + BCS | 30.0 ± 6.48 b | 61.4 ± 7.15 a |
表1 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株的防效
Table 1 Control effect of sprayingBjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS)
处理 Treatment | 病情指数 Disease index | 防效/% Control effect |
---|---|---|
蒸馏水Sterile water | 0 c | — |
BCS | 77.3 ± 4.99 a | — |
BAFB + BCS | 35.1 ± 6.00 b | 55.2 ± 5.20 a |
Pr + BCS | 30.0 ± 6.48 b | 61.4 ± 7.15 a |
图5 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株相关酶、丙二醛和细胞膜透性的影响 柱状图短竖线表示平均值±标准误(n = 3),同一柱状图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P< 0. 05)。
Fig. 5 Effects of spraying Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on defense enzymes,malondialdehyde content and cell membrane permeability of tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS) Vertical bars represent mean ± SE value(n = 3),different lowercase letters in the same bar represent significant differences(P< 0.05)among different treatments under Duncan’s range test.
图6 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株生长的影响 柱状图短竖线表示平均值 ± 标准误( n = 3),同一柱状图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P< 0.05)。
Fig. 6 Effect of spraying Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on the growth of tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS) Vertical bars represent mean ±SE value(n= 3),different lowercase letters in the same bar represent significant differences(P< 0.05).among different treatments under Duncan’s range test.
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