果树

• Studies on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Activities of Related Enzymes of‘Ralls’and Its BudMutation
• LIU Xiao-jing;;FENG Bao-chun;FENG Shou-qian;WANG Hai-bo;SHI Jun;WANG Na;CHEN Wei-yi;CHEN Xue-sen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1249-1254.
• Abstract ( 1975 ) HTML ( 1851 ) PDF (335KB) ( 1851 ) 　　　
• Anthocyanin content and activities of related enzymeswere measured in‘Ralls’and its budmutation. Effect of bagging on anthocyanin biosynthesis in bud mutation was also studied. The results showed: ①Anthocyanin content in mature fruits was 132170 U·g^-1FW in bud mutation which was very significantly higher than that in‘Ralls’(49140 U·g^-1FW) ; ②Activities of PAL and UFGT were almost the same between the two materials, but CH I and DFR activitieswere significantly high in bud mutation, which were related to the increase of anthocyanin levels in the mutant; ③Bagging treatment inhibited anthocyanin synthesis of bud mutation. But anthocyanin content had significantly increased after removing the bags. Activities of CHI and UFGT increased rap idly and were much higher than those in the control after the bag removal. The increase was consistentwith the imp rovement of anthocyanin levels. Above all, the key index of colouration mechanism of‘Ralls’and bud mutation is anthocyanin content and CHI activity.
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• Genetic Transformation of Apple MdFT Gene into Tomato
• LIWei-ming;WANG Shuang-shuang;YAO Yu-xin;ZHAO Chang-zeng;HAO Yu-jin;YOU Chun-xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1255-1260.
• Abstract ( 2005 ) HTML ( 1404 ) PDF (501KB) ( 1404 ) 　　　
• It is of great importance for field yield of fruit trees to generate flower buds. Recently, FT protein has been proved to be a florigen in higher plants. In this study, full-length cDNA of MdFT gene, a homolog of Arabidopsis AtFT, was amplified from apple leaf cDNAs with RT-PCR. Subsequently, a plant expression construct containing MdFT gene driven by cauliflowermosaic virus 35S promoter was obtained and introduced into tomato cultivar ‘Zhongshu 4 ’with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In parallel, Arabidopsis AtFT gene was transformed as a positive control. Finally, transgenic tomato lineswere regenerated from selection medium plus kanamycin. PCR amp lification verified the integration of exogenous genes into the host genome, and semiquantitative RT-PCR disp layed their ectopic overexpression in transgenic tomatoes. Furthermore, morphological observation found that transgenic tomato lines flowered earlier than the non-transgenic control, suggestive of our successful cloning of florigen gene MdFT from apple, which has the
  potential as a target gene to shorten juvenility in apple tree.
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• Photo inhibition and Recovery of Photosyn thesis in Pear Leaves
• WANG Zhen-lei;CHEN Hai-jiang;LIN Min-juan;XU Ji-zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1261-1268.
• Abstract ( 1958 ) HTML ( 1286 ) PDF (461KB) ( 1286 ) 　　　
• Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are measured onWhangkeumbae and Yali pear leaves and their disks in natural and simulated light. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate (P_n), apparent quantum yield (AQY) , and photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ ( F_v /F_m ) decreased and minimal initial fluorescence ( F_o ) was imp roved after being exposed to midday high irradiance, indicating that photoinhibition of Whangkeumbae pear and Yali pear occurred. However, photoinhibition was only induced by high light and could be recovered after 2-4 hours of low light, it indicated that photoinhibition only induced by high light is reversible. Photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m ) decreased and minimal initial fluorescence (F_o) was imp roved after being exposed to DTT, which indicate that Xanthophyll cycle was the major protective mechanism to prevent from the deteriorating effects of strong light in the pear leaves; The capacity of
  patience and recovery of Yali on strong light stress was stronger than that ofWhankgeumbae, indicating that the extent of photoinhibition varied with varieties in pear.
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• Changes of Product Accumulation and Related Enzyme Activities in AsAMetabolism During Kiwifruit Growth and Development
• HOU Chang-ming;LIMing-jun;MA Feng-wang;LIANG Dong;DU Guo-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1269-1276.
• Abstract ( 1876 ) HTML ( 1624 ) PDF (416KB) ( 1624 ) 　　　
• In present study, the components including the contents of ascorbicacid (AsA) , glutathione(GSH) , oxalic acid (OA) , tartaric acid ( TA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and some enzymes activities related with AsA metabolism, were investigated during the growth and development of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Qinmei’). The results showed that AsA content per gram of fresh fruit increased significantly and reached the maximum at the 30 th day after anthesis (DAA ) , then decreased and maintained essentially constant after the 75 th DAA. The ascorbicacid content per fruit increased significantly and reached the maximum at the 45 th DAA, and then maintained essentially no change to ripe period. It shows that the AsA is mainly accumulated during the fruit cell division stage. Glutathione was accumulated continuously before the
  120 th DAA, and the accumulation speed was the fastest in young fruit period. As possible products of AsA degradation, OA showed a similar changes with H₂O₂ content and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity during kiwifruit development, which was decreased fast in the fruit early fast development period before the 30 th DAA and was no clear change to maturation, but changes of TA contentwere similar pattern with AsA content. The
  activity of ascorbate oxygenase (OA) which can led to oxidation of AsA is similar with activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) used to recycling oxized ascorbate to AsA during the development, which showed a clear increase before the 60 th DAA, then decreased fast and maintained a low level during the fruit maturation period.
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• Incompatibility of Citrus grandis‘Duweimiyou’and Its Biological Effects by Different Kinds of Pollination
• WANG Ping;Lü Liu-xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1277-1282.
• Abstract ( 1808 ) HTML ( 1273 ) PDF (313KB) ( 1273 ) 　　　
• Three different pollination methods were used to observe the self-compatibility and some biological effects from Citrus grandis‘Duweimiyou’. The results indicated that Citrus grandis‘Duweimiyou’showed incompatibility under the condition of normal self-pollination, and most of the fruitswere seedless; the
  fruit shape index decreased gradually in fruit ripening, the central column was hollow, the fruit-top peel was gradually thinned, and sac cracking was substantially produced while the peel on fruit top dehisced slowly,and fungi invasion made the flesh lose edible value; Self-pollination at bud stage could solve the self-incompatibility in a certain extentwhich p roduced a few seeds, it effectively prevented fruits from growing disproportion in lateral and longitudinal, it also helped the central column of citrus fruit to maintain the solid state, and enhanced thickness of the fruit top peelwhich could significantly decrease fruit and sac cracking; Cross-pollination with Citrus g randis‘Guanximiyou’, the seed number of Citrus grandis‘Duweimiyou’increased significantly, the change of fruit shape index was relatively limited, the central column was solid, fruit and sac cracking were less, but the edible quality was affected.
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蔬菜

• The Differences of Subcellular Ca²⁺ Distribution in Root Meristem Region ofCucumber Seedling Under Different NO₃^- Concentrations Stress
• YANG Feng-juan;WEI Min;SU Xiu-rong;WANG Xiu-feng;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1291-1298.
• Abstract ( 1794 ) HTML ( 1163 ) PDF (1208KB) ( 1163 ) 　　　
• The changes of calcium level in rootmeristem region of cucumber seedling (‘XintaiMici’) under different NO₃^- concentrations stress were determined by the imp roved cytochemical method of calcium pyroantimonate p recip itation. After 7 days of treatment, under op timum NO₃^- (14 mmol·L ^-1) conditions,
  calcium antimonite deposits, which indicates calcium distribution, were mainly localized in cellmembrane and vacuoles, as a storeroom of Ca²⁺, and smaller amounts of calcium p recip itates randomly resided in mitochon2dria, cytop lasm and nucleus. But under excessive NO₃^-stress, the distribution of Ca²⁺ in subcellular was changed greatly. After 7 days treated with 56 and 140 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-, Ca²⁺level in the intercellular spaces, cytop lasm and mitochondria elevated. With the increasing NO₃^-concentrations, the shape and amount of mitochondria and vacuoleswere changed greatly. Higher NO₃^-concentrations (182 mmol·L^-1) caused a series of disorders of metabolic p rocesses and serious damages of membrane system of organelles in cucumber seedling roots, thus, Ca²⁺deposits in each compartments became smaller significantly. The result indicated that the change of Ca²⁺ from vacuoles to hyalop lasm can reduce the NO₃^-stress in cucumber seedlings.
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• Genetic Analysis of Subgynoecious in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus)
• LIU Li;LIU Xiang;JIAO Ding-liang;ZHANG Qin-ying;SHANG Ji-peng;LIU Jun-wei;GUOMin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1299-1304.
• Abstract ( 1665 ) HTML ( 1076 ) PDF (2116KB) ( 1076 ) 　　　
• Subgynoecious watermelon (Citru llus lanatus) line BG1 and normal sexual line ZY10 were crossed in this study. Female flower p roportion within 30 nodes for each plant was counted. Six populations ( P₁ , P₂ , F₁ , F₂ , BC₁ P₁ and BC₁ P₂ ) derived from this crosswere used to investigate the inheritance of subgynoecious by using the mixed major gene and poly-gene inheritance models. The results indicated that subgynoecious in this combination was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epitasis gene effects
  (B-1 model). While the major genes showed recessive expression, the additive effects of the 1 st and 2nd major genes were 33.46 and 5.17, respectively and their dominance effects were - 20.56 and - 11.20, respectively. Heritabilities of major genes in the BC₁ P₁ , BC₁ P₂ and F₂ populations were estimated as93.75% , 60.91% and 94.32%, respectively.
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• The Development of Backcross Introgression Lines (BILs) and GeneticAnalysis for Brassica campestris
• WANG Qian;HE Jiang-ming;LIN Liang-bin;ZHUANG Mu;WANG yan;WANG Xiao-wu;WU Jian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1305-1310.
• Abstract ( 2114 ) HTML ( 1441 ) PDF (519KB) ( 1441 ) 　　　
• This paper reported the genetic structure analysis for a backcross introgression lines (BILs)of Brassica campestris L. based on a genetic linkage map constructed using a doubled haploid (DH) population. the BILs population with 121 lines derived from a cross between a DH line of a commercial F₁ (Z16) and an oi-ltype B. campestris inbred line (L144) , which was developed by twice consecutively backcrossing using Z16 as a recip ient parent. The characteristics of introgression of L144 in B IL s was analyzed using 97 SSR markers mapped on the DH genetic map. The results showed that the variation of percentage of the donor parent (L144) genome presenting in the BILs was from 0.84% to 35.00% , with an average of 11.31% , consistent with the theoretical expectation of 12.50%. The percentage of the donor parent (L144) alleles presenting in the 25 BC₂ of BIL plants ranged from 1.69% to 27.36% , and the average ratio was 11.03%.
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• Differential Expression Analysis in Flower Buds of CMS and Its Maintaner Line of Capsicum annuum L.
• WU Zhi-ming;HU Kai-lin;QIAO Ai-min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1311-1316.
• Abstract ( 1852 ) HTML ( 1404 ) PDF (641KB) ( 1404 ) 　　　
• In order to understand the mechanism of CMS in hot pepper, the gene exp ression in flower buds of CMS line and its maintainer line was compared by means of cDNA-AFLP. A total of 19 differential transcript derived fragments ( TDFS ) were identified and sequenced. Four TDFswere exp ressed specifically in CMS line, whereas 15 others could be detected only in the maintainer line. The analysis of sequence homology and functional classification indicated that three TDFS coming from CMS line shared high identities with mitochondrial or ribosomal RNA genes of tomato and tobacco. 12 TDFS from maintainer line were highly homologous to known sequences. These genesmight be related to transcrip tion, defense response, electron transport and energy pathway, DNA or RNA-mediated metabolism, protein metabolism, transport, unknown or putative protein and so on. It is speculated that the occurrence of CMS in pepper might involve different metabolism path ways.
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• Cloning and Molecular Characteristics of ANS Gene and Its Correlations with Anthocyan in Accumulation in Yam
• ZHOU Sheng-mao;WANG Ling-ping;XIANG Xun;WEI Ben-hui;LI Li-zhi;LI Yang-rui;FANG Feng-xue;CAO Jia-shu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1317-1326.
• Abstract ( 1986 ) HTML ( 1926 ) PDF (1153KB) ( 1926 ) 　　　
• To elucidate the effects of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS; EC 1114111119) gene on anthocyanin accumulation in underground yam tubers, in the p resent paper, one of ANS gene (DaANS1 ) was not only isolated by RT-PCR and RACE techniques from the underground tubers of yam (Dioscorea alata L. ) , and
  characterized with both the related softwares and the techniques asNorthern hybridization and gene expression in E.coli, but also both ANS enzyme activity and anthocyanin concentration were determined. The results shows, that DaANS1 was a full-length cDNA sequence with 1 387 bp in size in terms of comp rising a 1 077 bp largest open reading frame (ORF) , a 9 bp 5' noncoding region and a 301 bp 3′noncoding region and havingthe typical characteristics of 5′2 and 3′2 ends of eukaryotic gene cDNA sequence; that a polypeptide of 358 amino acids with a 40.4 kD molecular weight and a theoretical pI of 5.26 was putatively encoded by the largestORF of DaANS1 , in which had the 22oxoglutarate2 and Fe²⁺ -dependent conserved oxidation regions containing two of conserved Arginine (Arg295, 304) related to the combination of 2-oxoglutarate and the Fe²⁺combination-related amino acid residues as both five of conserved Histidine (His238, 243, 249, 276, 294) and three of Aspartate (Asp240, 260, 279) ; that DaANS1 shared the higher similarities with ANS genes of the selected angiosperm species than gymnosperm ANS genes at the levels of comp lete cDNA sequences, coding regions and its deduced amino acid sequences, and had the closest genetic relationship with ANS genes of convolvulaceae plants in dicots of angiosperms, but was used to reasonably sort only between genus or species plants; DaANS1 expression abundances were straightly reduced to the lowest at the part of later stage of the underground tuber bulking after increased from the initiation of early stage to the initiation ofmiddle phase with the highest and thereafter slightly raised at the harvesting time, the profiles of which were paralleled with the
  change trends of both ANS enzyme activity and anthocyanin content. These results indicate thatDaANS1 as a member of plant ANS genes can evaluate the genetic relationship between genus or species plants, and control
  anthocyanin accumulations of underground tubers based on its regulation at transcrip tion level.
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观赏植物

• Effects of Grafting on the Improvement of Heat Tolerance and AntioxidantAbilities in Leaves of Chrysanthemum
• FANGWei-min;GUO Wei-ming;CHEN Jun-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1327-1332.
• Abstract ( 2038 ) HTML ( 1383 ) PDF (544KB) ( 1383 ) 　　　
• Using Artemisia frigida and Artemisia scoparia as root stocks, grafted chrysanthemum were created. The membrane permeability, O^-·2 p roduction rate, and activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , peroxidase ( POD) , catalase (CAT) , ascrobate peroxidase (APX) and contents of soluble p rotein in leaves of the cutting seedlings and grafted seedlings of chrysanthemum were studied under heat stress. The results showed that grafted seedlings had lowermembrane permeability and O₂^-· production rate, while SOD, CAT and
  APX activities and soluble p rotein contentswere higher compared with those in the cutting seedlings. However, there was no significant difference in O₂^-·production rate and activities of antioxidant enzymes between the grafted seedlingswith different root stocks. The leaf curling, wilting, yellowingwere alleviated in grafted seedling than those in cutting seedlings under heat stress. It suggested that grafting could imp rove the heat tolerance of chrysanthemum.
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• Investigation on the Factors Leading to Infertility in the Cross BetweenDendranthema lavandulifolium and D. grandif lorum ‘Jin ling Huangyu’
• SUN Chun-qing;CHEN Fa-di;FANGWei-min;LIU Zhao-lei;HOU Xi-lin;TENG Nian-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1333-1338.
• Abstract ( 2348 ) HTML ( 2327 ) PDF (507KB) ( 2327 ) 　　　

• Seeds are seldom obtained in the crosses between chrysanthemum cultivars and diploid wild species in Dendranthema, which seriously influences utilization of excellent genes from those wild speices. In the present study, with an aim to reveal the factors leading to infertility in the crosses between chrysanthemum cultivars and wild species, we carried out the interspecific hybridization between D. grandiflorum ‘JinlingHuangyu’and D. avandulifolium, tested pollen viability of male parent, examined germination behavior of
  pollen grains on the stigmas after pollination, and observed embryo development. It was found that pollenviability of D. lavandulifolium was 11.2% just before pollination, no pollen grains germinated on the stigmas during 4 h after pollination and only 7.5 pollen grains germinated on each stigma at 8 h after pollination. At 12 h after pollination, the number reached the highest value, 16.1. At 24 h and 48 h after pollination, the number was quickly decreased to 3.2 and 2.4, respectively. In addition, most pollen grains germinated abnormally on the stigmas and many pollen tubes stayed on the stigmaspsurface and failed to enter ovaries. At 8 d after pollination, normal globular embryos were observed only in 12.0% ovaries. Thereafter, only
  abnormal embryoswere observed in some ovaries, and as a consequence, no seedswere obtained in the cross. However, seed set of female parent under open pollination conditions was as high as 42.3%. These results suggest that both pre- and post-fertilization barriers, i. e. only a few germinated pollen grains on the stigmasand abnormal germination ofmost pollen grains before fertilization aswell as degeneration of a large number of embryos after fertilization, may be the main factors resulting in infertility in the cross.

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• H₂O₂ and Embryogen ic Callus Induction of Phalaenopsis spp.
• LIU Fu-ping;CHEN Chun;XU Chuan-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1339-1344.
• Abstract ( 1775 ) HTML ( 1890 ) PDF (323KB) ( 1890 ) 　　　
• Embryogenic callus was induced from PLB ( protocorm-like body) cubes of Phalaenopsis spp. During callus induction, DNA methylation levels in cultures declined continuously and had a very significant negative correlation with the change of H₂O₂content. Supp lemented H₂O₂ in the medium containing lower concentration of growth regulator ( 6-BA) , the induction rate of callus increased, and this indicated that exogenous H₂O₂ could be used to replace part of growth regulator for embryogenic callus induction. The induction rate of embryogenic callus decreased when supp lemented dimethylthiourea, a quencher of H₂O₂, in culture medium. H₂O₂was possibly a signalmolecule thatmediated the induction of embryogenic callus. In callus induction period, SOD activity played an important role in the change of H₂O₂content in cultures
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• Studies on Gametophyte Development and Spore Propagation of Aleuritopte risargentea
• HUANG Di;FENG Yu-lan;DONG Li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1345-1352.
• Abstract ( 1577 ) HTML ( 1109 ) PDF (680KB) ( 1109 ) 　　　
• The effects of different cultivation conditions on spore germination, gametophyte development nand sporophyte growth of Aleuritopteris a rgentea were studied. The results showed that the spore germination is
  Vittaria-type while the gametophyte develop ing is Ceratopteris-type. No significant differenceswere observed in germination rate and time among spores stored at 4 ℃ with periods of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 months respectively. The studies on four general solid substrates showed that the growth and development of gametophytes failed either in soil or in peat alone, while the maximum rates of spore germination and sporophyte formation were obtained in the mixed substrate ( the peat and the sand mixed in volume ratio of 1 :1) , up to 65% and 83.2% respectively. Investigation about the sterile cultivation condition found that, of all the mediums with different inorganic salt concentration, MS basal medium is the best for spore germination ( reached 53.3% ) and gametophyte expansion. When the concentration decreased to 1 /8MS, the spores failed to geminate. The results of different sucrose concentrations from 0% to 4% inMSmedium on gametophyte growth showed that,4% was op timum in imp roving gametophyte expansion, increasing embryo inducing and shortening the period from gametophyte to sporophyte.
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• Clning and Sequence Analysis of a Na⁺/H⁺ Antiporter Gene in HalophyteLimonium gmelinii
• ZHOU Ling-ling;ZHU Jian-bo;CAO Lian-pu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1353-1358.
• Abstract ( 1536 ) HTML ( 1105 ) PDF (347KB) ( 1105 ) 　　　
• A plasma membrane Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter gene ( LgSOS1, GenBank accession No.EU780458) has been separated from halophyte Limonium gmelinii by RT-PCR and RACE. The LgSOS1 cDNA is 3 910 bp long including 5′untranslated region of 79 bp, 3′untranslated region of 376 bp with PolyA, and an open reading frame of 3 455 bp encoding a protein of 1 151 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 126 kD. Bymultiple sequence alignment analysis of amino acids, it has been shown that the identities n amino acids to plasma membrane Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters gene of LgSOS1 is 69.02% , and 64.42% ,
  61.96% , 60.12% , and 59.62% of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Populus euphratica, Lycopersicon esculentum, Thellungiella halophila and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. TM pred prediction showed LgSOS1 has 12 transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that LgSOS1 is more related to plasma membrane-type Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter, compared with vacuolar-type Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter, to which it is less related
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研究报告

• Cloning of 6-phosphoglucona te Dehydrogenase Gene (6PGDH) and Molecular Confirmation of Allotetraploid in Cucumis
• WEI Yue;WU Zhi-ming;ZHANG Shu-ning;CHEN Jin-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1357-1380.
• Abstract ( 1911 ) HTML ( 1401 ) PDF (968KB) ( 1401 ) 　　　
• In order to demonstrate that the synthetic allotetrop loid species (Cucum is hytivus Chen and Kirkbride. , 2n = 38) was the hybrids progeny originated from crossing between the wild Cucumis species (C.hystrix Chakr. , 2n = 24) and the cultivated cucumber‘Beijing J ietou’(C. sa tivus L. , 2n = 14) in molecular level, primers were designed according to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ( 6PGDH) gene cDNA sequence of cucumber (GenBank accession number: EU815934). The 6PGDH gene fragmentswere amplified
  from allotetroploid, the wild Cucumis and cultivated cucumber‘Beijing Jietou’, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the 6PGDH fragments in three species were highly homologous, having 1 098 bp length each.It encompassed of 936 bp long open reading frame (ORF) encoding 311 amino acids and had 162 bp non-translation 3′- terminal end region (3′UTR) , no intron existed in 6PGDH fragment.The sequences were analyzed by software program DNAMAN, detected three variable amino acid locips and twenty-two bases locips.The inheritance of variable locips were congruence with theMendelps genetics law of inheritance, therefore, it is proven atmolecular level that this synthetic allotetraploid species was the hybrid originated from C. hystrix and C. sativus‘Beijing J ietou’crossing.
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其它园艺植物

• Effect of Al and F Interaction on Physiological Characteristics of Tea Plants
• WANG Xiao-ping;LIU Peng;LUO Hong;XIE Zhong-lei;XU Gen-di;YAO Jian-dong;CHEN Ke-bao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1359-1364.
• Abstract ( 1859 ) HTML ( 1566 ) PDF (434KB) ( 1566 ) 　　　
• The physiological responses of tea p lants to aluminum (Al) and fluorine ( F) interaction stressing were studied, and six physiological indices were investigated in tow varieties Baicha and Zhirenzaocha at 30 d, including the membrane permeability of leaf cells (MP) , the root system activity (RA) , free proline (Pro) content, the activity of catalase (CAT) , peroxidase ( POD) and superoxidedismutase ( SOD). Tea plants was cultured in nutrient solution which contained Al (0, 30, 90 mg·L ^-1) and /or F (0, 4, 12 mg·L ^-1). The results were summarized as follows: (1) RA in roots and the activity of SOD in leaves were enhanced with 30 mg·L^-1 of Al alone, but MP and activity of POD and CAT in leaves declined; (2) When the concentration of F alone was 4 mg·L ^-1 and 12 mg·L ^-1, enzymes of tea leaves increased andMP and RA in roots decrease compared with control (0 mg·L ^-1 Al and 0 mg·L ^-1F) ; (3) RA, content of Pro and the activity of POD, CAT and SOD were lower under high Al and low F interaction compared with 90 mg·L ^-1 Al alone. Maybe Al and F cooperated with each other during growth of tea plants. When proportion of Al and F were from 30 /4 to 30 /12, activity of POD, CAT and SOD showed an obvious upward tendency, as was inferred that the range of proportion strengthened the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In
  comparison with control, activity of POD, CAT and SOD of tea plants increased, butMP and RA fell under high Al and high F interaction, indicating that tea plants injured in some degree. Therefore, Al and F interac2tion has a significant effect on physiological and biochemical characteristics of young tea plants, and the proportion of interaction exist some range. The sensibilities between Baicha and Zhirenzaocha are different resulting from Al and F interaction and order is Zhirenzaocha >Baicha, which is suggested that there may be correlation with variety.
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研究报告

• Studies on Differentiation of Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates fromFour Hosts to Strawberry
• LI Xi-ling;GAO Zhi-mou;LI Yan-mei;QIU Yan;LIU Xiao-yan;PENGMei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1365-1369.
• Abstract ( 1817 ) HTML ( 1125 ) PDF (282KB) ( 1125 ) 　　　
• Twenty-three isolates of Botrytis cinerea Pers. were obtained from the diseased tissue collected in Hefei, Bengbu, Changfeng and Hexian, bymeans of tissue isolatingmethod. The pathogenicity of the isolates of B. cinerea from different hosts to the fruits and leaves of strawberrywere investigated by app lyingmycelial block wound inoculation, respectively. The preliminary results showed that all of the tested isolates caused occurrence of greymould on strawberry fruits and leaves, but there be significant difference in the average diameters of the lesions caused by different isolates and there was difference in the different strawberry varieties, suggesting that there was significant differentiation in pathogenicity of B. cinerea to strawberry fruits and leaves among isolates. According to the average diameters of the lesions caused to strawberry fruits and leaves, the pathogenicity of the all isolateswas classified into three categories: strong, intermediate and weak. In general, the isolates from strawberry and tomato were more strongly pathogenic to the fruits and leaves of strawberry, and the isolate from cap sicum was weakly pathogenic to strawberry fruits and leaves. However, there was difference in pathogenicity among the different isolates from the same host, and the pathogenicity difference was not obviously related to the localities of isolates
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• Relationship Between Ascorbic Acid Content and the Enzyme ActivitiesInvolved in AsA Metabolism of Potato
• QIN Ai-guo;YU Xian-chang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1370-1374.
• Abstract ( 2007 ) HTML ( 1515 ) PDF (386KB) ( 1515 ) 　　　
• To investigate the relationship between ascorbate (AsA ) distribution and the activities of enzymes involved in AsA metabolism, the AsA and dehydroascorbate (DHA) contents and the activities of six related enzymes were studied in various organs of potato, i1e. young leaves, mature leaves, aged leaves, stems and tubers. The results showed that AsA was accumulated in young leaves and tubers. AsA pool size (the sum of AsA and DHA) in leaves and stemswas correlated with L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity. AsA content was significantly related with the dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR ) activity in all organs, especially in tubers. Meanwhile, DHA content was significantly associated with ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. This suggested that high AsA content in young leavesmight result from higher activites of GalLDH and DHAR, while AsA accumulation in tubermight be attributed to the transportation from leaves, and DHA recycling via DHAR.
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• Polyploid Induction of Nobile-type Dendrobium
• ZHENG Bao-qiang;ZHANG Ying;WANG Yan;LI Zhen-jian;ZHU Xiang-tao;Lü Chun-yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1381-1384.
• Abstract ( 1946 ) HTML ( 1454 ) PDF (456KB) ( 1454 ) 　　　
• A hybrid of nobile-type Dendrobium was treated with colchicines at different concentration and time duration in vitro. The results showed that the best effectwas obtained by the treatment of 0.06% colchicines with 12 hours and its induction rate was 69.1%. Comparing the characteristics of plants and stomas,there were remarkable difference between the treatment and the control. Chromosome observation found that the chromosome number of treated plants was 76 and the chromosome number of the control was 38, indicating the tetraploid (2n = 4x = 76) of nobile-type Dendrobium was induced successfully. The mixer-fold phenomenon was also found among treatment plants.
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• Colchicines Chemical Induction During Propagaion of Protocorm-like Bodiesof Oncidium in Liquid Culture
• CUI Guang-rong;SHANGGUAN Ling-fei;ZHANG Zi-xue;HU Neng-bing;ZHANG Cong-yu;HOU Xi-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1385-1389.
• Abstract ( 2004 ) HTML ( 1251 ) PDF (613KB) ( 1251 ) 　　　

• Colchicines were employed to induce polyploid plantlets of Oncidium during ropagation of protocorm-like bodies ( PLB s) in liquid culture. A lot of polyploid plantlets were obtained by this technique.The results showed that the PLBs cultured in the medium contained higher concentration of colchicines got
  harmed more severely and the rate of ployploid plantlets was bigger with higher concentration of colchicines or longer time of treatment . The biggest rate of polyploid plantlets regenerated from the PLBs could reach to 46.7%. The mixoploid could be produced under the condition of lower concentrations of colchicines and short time of treatment. The tetraloid plantlets were shorter and stronger and leaves changed broad and thick. The diameter of lower epidermal stomata in the tetraploid was a little bigger than the one in the diploid. The cell nucleus of leaf lower epidermal became bigger and approached to cell wall. The number of chromosomes in root tip cells of the polyploid plantlets were doubled.

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综述

• Advances in Studies on Flavonoids in Apple Fruit
• NIE Ji-yun;Lü De-guo;LI Jing;LIU Feng-zhi;LI Ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1390-1397.
• Abstract ( 2310 ) HTML ( 2632 ) PDF (551KB) ( 2632 ) 　　　

• Flavonoids are the main group of polyphenols in apple fruit, which have a variety of physiological activities positive to human health. Thirty-four flavonoids in apple fruit have been reported, which belong to 5 classes, flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, anthocyanins and flavanonols. The composition and concentration of flavonoids in apple fruit varied across both apple varieties and the parts of app le fruit. Usually, both the sorts and the concentration of flanonoids in app le peel are obviously more than those of flanonoids in apple flesh. The concentration of flanonoids in app le fruitmay change during its development, maturation and storage. In generally, flavonoids in apple fruit were determined by HPLC with diode array detector or UV detector, and could be characterized by HPLC-MS.

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新品种

• New Strawberry Cultivar ‘Yan Xiang’
• WANG Gui-xia;DONG Jing;ZHANG Yun-tao;ZHONG Chuan-fei;LI Tian-zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1398-1398.
• Abstract ( 2006 ) HTML ( 1290 ) PDF (379KB) ( 1290 ) 　　　
• ‘Yan Xiang’ is a new strawberry cultivar bred from the cross of‘Nyoho’ בDarselect’.The fruit is cone-shaped and uniform. The average fruit weight is 33 g and the largest fruitweight is 54 g. It has good color, excellent flavor, high firmness, bright luster, high yield and resistance to disease. And itps
  ripening dates is in early-mid Juanuary in the greenhouse.
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• A New Strawberry Cultivar ‘Jingyao’
• ZENG Xiang-guo;FENG Xiao-ming;XIANG Fa-yun;SONG Zhi-hong;WU Jin-ping;WU Run-ling;GU Yu-cheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1399-1399.
• Abstract ( 1561 ) HTML ( 1464 ) PDF (328KB) ( 1464 ) 　　　
• ‘Jingyao’is a new early-maturing strawberry cultivar, which is selected from the crossing of‘Sachinoka’ ב Akihime’and its dormant period is short. The fruit shape is length-coniform and its surface is bright red. The average weight of its first grade fruit is 29.6 g. The fruit iswell-uniformity and regular
  and has good storage quality. The fragrant flesh is smooth and soft. It has strong resistance to diseases. The yield is about 330 g per plant, 32 475 kg·hm^-2.
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• A New Pomelo Cultivar‘Zheyu 1’
• CHEN Fang-yong;NI Hai-zhi;ZHAO Kai;REN Zheng-chu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1400-1400.
• Abstract ( 1720 ) HTML ( 1091 ) PDF (92KB) ( 1091 ) 　　　
• ‘Zheyu 1’ is a new trip loid pomelo cultivarwhich was selected from the crossing of between diploid‘Yuhuan’pomelo with single embryo sexual hybridization and allo2tetrap loids somatic cell hybrid‘Zj’, which is the female parent. Its p redominant characteristics include null seed and non2sp litting fruit. The pericap has strong incense and the taste is excellent aswell. The natural storage capacity is 120 - 135 d, and 30 d longer than that of‘Yuhuan’pomelo.
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• A New On ion Cultivar ‘Jin tianxing’
• MA You-hui;LIU Wei;CUI Cheng-ri
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1401-1401.
• Abstract ( 1762 ) HTML ( 1025 ) PDF (92KB) ( 1025 ) 　　　
• ‘Jintianxing’is a new onion hybrid crossed male sterile line ‘HG02A’with inbred line‘K400C’. It is the type of long2day and requires 110 - 115 days to bulb. The bulb is round with yellow
  color. The weight of single bulb is 216 g. The yield is 62 622 kg·hm- 2 and 2719% higher than control
  ‘Beixing’. It is suitable for sp ring p lanting in Heilongjiang, J ilin, InnerMongolia and Hebei Province in
  China.
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• A New Lilium oriental L. Cultivar ‘East Red’
• ZHENG Si-xiang;LUO Fu-xian;LI Ying;HUANG Jing;ZHANG Hai-long;ZHAO Ning;ZHANG Chao-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2009, 36(9): 1402-1402.
• Abstract ( 1572 ) HTML ( 1112 ) PDF (329KB) ( 1112 ) 　　　
• ‘East Red’ is a new L ilium oriental L. cultivar which is selected from L ilium ‘Co Amore’×L ilium ‘Acapulco’by trip loid breedingmethod. It is pink which is distinguished with the parents. It has excellent characteristics such as strong adaptability to cold, and easy propagation. It is good cut-flower.
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