• Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Gibberellin Signal Transduction Factor MdGAMYB in Malus
• FAN Sheng，LEI Chao，XIN Mingzhi，SHAO Hongxia，Muhammad Mobeen Tahir，ZHANG Dong，and HAN Mingyu*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 817-827. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0686
• Abstract ( 502 ) HTML ( 1094 ) PDF (2465KB) ( 1094 ) 　　　

• A cDNA encoding MdGAMYB was cloned from the terminal buds of‘Nagafu 2’apple. We further performed related research and analysis on its bioinformatics and expression patterns. Sequences analysis indicated that the opening reading frame of MdGAMYB was 1 656 bp and it encoded 551 amino acids. The molecular weight of MdGAMYB protein is 59.741 kD. Bioinformation showed that MdGAMYB protein had many glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that MdGAMYB was similar to other GAMYB proteins. They all shared a R2R3 DNA binding domain and typical conserved domains including Box1，Box2 and Box3. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MdGAMYB protein was highly homologous to other GAMYB proteins，such as pear，plum，jujube，strawberry and grape. Real time PCR analysis showed that MdGAMYB was highly expressed in leaves，buds and flowers，exhibiting a tissue-specific expressed. Additionally，results showed that the MdGAMYB transcripts，flower induction and flowering rates were all inhibited by exogenous GA3 treatment. We found that the expression of MdGAMYB was higher in‘Yanfu 6’than‘Nagafu 2’during flower induction.

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ARTICLE

• Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Flowering Regulation Transcription Factor Gene MdIDD7 in Malus × domestica
• QI Siyan*，XING Libo*，ZHANG Dong，DU Lisha，LI Youmei，FAN Sheng，MA Juanjuan，ZHAO Caiping，and HAN Mingyu**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 828-838. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0655
• Abstract ( 394 ) HTML ( 1269 ) PDF (4871KB) ( 1269 ) 　　　

• Using the‘Fuji’apple，we cloned a key transcription factor INDETERMINATE DOMAIN（IDD）family gene MdIDD7，in which had 1 626 bp of open reading frame（ORF）and encoded 541 amino acids. By the sequence alignment and domain analysis，its contained a nuclear localization signal（NLS）and four zinc finger protein conserved domains. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that MdIDD7 gene of Malus × domestica，Pyrus × bretschneideri（XP_009364602.1），Prunus persica （XP_007225628.1），Prunus mume（XP_008220893.1）were clustered together. The MdIDD7 gene was expressed in five different tissues（stem，leaf，flower，fruit and bud） of‘Fuji’apple trees，and its expression in buds was the highest. During the days after flowering（from 40 to 60 days），the expression levels of MdIDD7 gene was significantly higher in‘Yanfu 6’than in‘Changfu 2’apple. Inaddition，the expression level of MdIDD7 gene was significantly higher in“Off-year”trees than in“On-year”trees. In the early stage of flower bud induction，the expression of MdIDD7 gene was significantly down-regulated in the exogenous GA treatment compared to water spring treatment，but was significantly up-regulated in sucrose treatment during the early stages of flower bud induction，suggesting that the MdIDD7 can promote apple flower bud formation in response to GA and sugar signaling.

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• Cloning and Functional Analysis of LUE1 Gene from‘Zhongai 1’Pear
• HAO Ningning1，DUAN Xuwei2，OU Chunqing1，CHEN Qiuju1，WANG Fei1，JIANG Shuling1,*，and MA Li1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 839-849. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0801
• Abstract ( 292 ) HTML ( 831 ) PDF (3647KB) ( 831 ) 　　　

• According to the genome database of Chinese white pear（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.），a 1 566 bp length gene was cloned from the tender stem of pear dwarfing rootstock‘Zhongai 1’. This gene is predicted to encode a 57.2 kD protein，pI 8.11，comprising 521 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences has high homology（about 78.01%–98.66% identity）to Katanin protein family，thus we named it PcLUE1. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）analysis showed that PcLUE1 expressed significantly higher in pear shoots in slowly growing dwarf cultivars than that in fast growing cultivars during rapid growing period. Paraffin sections of pear shoots showed that the cell arrangement and size had significant differences among dwarf，semi-dwarf and vigorous cultivars. The PcLUE1 over-expressed transgenic tobacco lines showed smaller and darker leaves than the controls，which is consistent with the phenotype of‘Zhongai 1’. Taken together，these results suggested that PcLUE1 may contribute to the dwarf phenotype of‘Zhongai 1’.

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• The Influence Mechanism of PE and Non-woven Fabric Bagging Treatments on Fruit Spot and Water Loss During Storage of‘Chili’Pear
• WANG Yuling，ZHANG Xinfu，WANG Caihong，WANG Ran，and YANG Shaolan*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 850-860. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0610
• Abstract ( 390 ) HTML ( 1473 ) PDF (5628KB) ( 1473 ) 　　　

• To explore the influence mechanism of different bagging treatments on the‘Chili’pear（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.‘Chili’）fruit spot and water loss during storage，the appearance and microstructure of polyethylene（PE）-bagged and non-woven fabric-bagged fruit were observed，and the physiological indexes as well as gene expression level were determined. The results showed that the PE-bagged fruit surface was rough and the fruit spot was big，while the non-woven fabric-bagged fruit surface was smooth and the fruit spot was small，and the gene expression level of PbPAL2 in the pericarp of PE-bagged fruit was higher than non-woven fabric-bagged fruit. The weight loss rate of PE-bagged fruit was higher than the control during storage，the pericarp was thinner，with less wax substance，and the surface of pericarp was cracked and cocked. On the contrary，the weight loss rate of non-woven fabric-bagged fruit was lower than PE-bagged fruit during storage，the pericarp was thick，with more wax substance on the surface of pericarp，and the wax crystal was diverse. Preharvest bagging influenced the suberification of fruit spot by regulating the gene expression pattern of PbPAL2，and influenced the water loss during storage by changing the cuticle layer and wax layer structure of pericarp. Preharvest non-woven fabric-bagging treatment was beneficial to improve the fruit appearance quality and delay the water loss of‘Chili’pear during storage.

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• S 663.1
• LI Zhuo，ZHOU Tingting，YANG Chao，LI Yingcheng，SUN Qi，REN Yuzhong，ZHAO Baolong，ZHANG Li*，and LI Guoying*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 861-870. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0673
• Abstract ( 365 ) HTML ( 1248 ) PDF (9685KB) ( 1248 ) 　　　
• Stained with Aniline blue，combined with scanning electron microscopy，the grape downy mildew in susceptible variety‘Red Globe’and resistant variety‘Beimei’during the infection process were observed. To find out the similarities and differences of the infection process of Grape downy mildew in susceptible and disease resistant varieties. However，the number of sporangiophore，the branch of sporangiophore and number of stoma which were stretched out sporangiophore in Red Globe were higher than that in Beimei. The growth rate of mycelial of Beimei was slow，and the hypha in the late stage was less than that in the Red Globe. The gley period of Red Globe and Beimei was 4 d and 5 d. The time of appearance of long hypha，long and branch hypha and the loose mycelium were different in Red Globe and Beimei. In the late growth period，Beimei stays at the stage of loose mycelia and the mesophyll tissue of Red Globe filled with mycelium when it was inoculated at 96 h. The results of showed that there were significant differences in the frequencies of primary hypha and long primary hypha of haustorium formation in different varieties at the same time.
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• Obtaining and Genetic Stability of Chinese Cabbage–Cabbage Translocation Lines‘AT9-1’and‘AT9-2’
• MAO Qingyun，XUAN Shuxin，Gu Aixia，ZHAO Jianjun，SHEN Shuxing，and WANG Yanhua*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 871-880. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0136
• Abstract ( 406 ) HTML ( 827 ) PDF (1359KB) ( 827 ) 　　　

• To create Chinese cabbage–cabbage translocation lines，isolated microspore culture was carried out using the progeny derived from crossing between Chinese cabbage–cabbage alien addition line AC9 and Chinese cabbage‘85-1’. Two double haploid translocation lines‘AT9-1’and‘AT9-2’with different fragments of cabbage chromosome 9 were screened out combining chromosome specific InDel markers and meiosis observation. The exogenetic fragment size of the translocation line‘AT9-2’was further identified by additional InDel markers，with the value of 1.03 Mb. Using 177 InDel markers uniformly distributed on ten linkage groups of Chinese cabbage，the cabbage chromosome fragment of translocation lines‘AT9-1’and‘AT9-2’were selfed，backcrossed with the parent‘85-1’，and hybridized with Chinese cabbage inbred lines‘14-28’and‘14-36’，and their offspring individuals were identified by the specific InDel markers from linkage group C06 of cabbage. The results showed that the introduced chromosome fragments from cabbage in the two translocation lines was instability and very low in genetics，with ratio of keeping entire exogenous fragment in their selfing progenies，backcross progenies and two hybridization progenies of 8.9%，3.1%，2.8% for‘AT9-1’and 6.7%，1.6%，2.6% for‘AT9-2’，respectively.

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• The Regulation of 24-epibrassinolide on AsA-GSH Cycle and Xanthophylls Homeostasis in Chloroplast of Cucumber Under Ca(NO3)2 Stress
• YUAN Lingyun1,3，WANG Chenggang1,3，HUANG Xingxue2,3，TANG Ling1，HOU Jinfeng1，LIU Fan1，WANG Long1，and ZHU Shidong1,3,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 881-890. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0877
• Abstract ( 229 ) HTML ( 828 ) PDF (757KB) ( 828 ) 　　　

• The objective of this study was to identify the regulation effects of exogenous brassinosteroids（BRs）on photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.‘Jinyou 4’）under Ca(NO3)2（80 mmol ? L-1）stress. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide（EBL）markedly increased the reduced ascorbate（AsA）and glutatione（GSH）levels in chloroplast，which were 2.44-fold and 1.40-fold to control. Enzymes activities of APX and GR in AsA-GSH cycle were enhanced by 36.27% and 105.83% respectively，compared to stress treatment. Application of EBL also changed the levels of xanthophyll cycle components，increasing V，Z and total xanthophylls levels and decreasing A level. The de-epoxidation state（DEPS）of xanthophyll cycle by EBL was increased by 9.60% compared to Ca(NO3)2-stressed plant. Under Ca(NO3)2 stress，EBL enhanced the NPQ and alleviated the decrease of ΦPSⅡ. EBL resulted in increases of unsaturated FAs levels，which was favored to the lipid membrane fluidity. These results strongly suggested that exogenous EBL is capable of protecting the chloroplast function through regulating the AsA-GSH cycle and heat dissipation capacity under Ca(NO3)2 stress.

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ARTICLE

• Postharvest Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Quality and Delays the Senescence of Cucumber
• XIN Dandan，SI Jinjin，and KOU Liping*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 891-901. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0888
• Abstract ( 489 ) HTML ( 1747 ) PDF (2593KB) ( 1747 ) 　　　

• Cucumber is a kind of vegetable with short storage time（2–3 days）at ambient temperature. The objective of this study was to optimize postharvest melatonin handling conditions to reduce the quality loss and extend the shelf life of cucumber. The cucumbers were dipped in 0，50，100 or 500 μmol ? L-1 melatonin solution immediately after harvest. Changes in quality index，chlorophyll concentration，vitamin C，tissue electrolyte leakage，MDA content，active oxygen content and activity of antioxidant enzymes were monitored periodically during storage at 10 ℃ for15 days. Results indicated that exogenous melatonin treatment slowed down the decrease of chlorophyll，vitamin C，and the content of titration-acid and soluble protein of postharvest cucumber during storage. The further study showed exogenous melatonin treatment reduced the fruit relative conductivity，MDA content，active oxygen content and activity of antioxidant enzymes（SOD，CAT，POD，APX），and also inhibited the respiration intensity and the ethylene production，reduced the oxidative damage to cells and maintained a more complete cell structure. 100 μmol ? L-1 melatonin solution dip showed the highest overall quality，lowest tissue electrolyte leakage，MDA content，and maximum reduction of oxidative damage on the cells.

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• Association Mapping of Soluble Solid Content in Melon Fruits and Exploration of the Elite Alleles
• XU Yanbin，WANG Yanling，HU Jianbin*，YANG Luming，LI Qiong，SUN Shouru，and MA Changsheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 902-910. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0840
• Abstract ( 273 ) HTML ( 770 ) PDF (701KB) ( 770 ) 　　　

• In the present study，a total of 192 representative melon germplasms were selected from the National Mid-term Genebank for Watermelon and Melon（Zhengzhou，China）and used as an association mapping population. The soluble solid content（SSC）in mature fruits of these melon accessions were measured in 2013，2014 and 2015，respectively. One hundred and four SSR markers distributed evenly across the melon chromosomes were adopted for association mapping with the fruit SSC of the germplasm pool，with the aim to explore the significant association loci and their elite alleles. The results showed that the 192 melon accessions possessed abundant fruit SSC variation and could be separated into two subgroups by the Bayesian model，the thin-skinned germplasm subgroup and the thick-skinned germplasm subgroup. Totally，16 SSR loci associated with the fruit SSC，which were distributed across the 10 chromosomes，were identified by the general linear model（GLM）and mixed linear model（MLM），with the maximum number of association loci across the chromosome 9. Of the loci detected，six loci expressed stably in two years and three loci in three years，and seven loci were in agreement with the previously published QTLs from linkage analysis. Eight SSR loci with high explanation of phenotypic variation and stable expression were selected from the comparative analysis，with the phenotypic effect of their elite alleles ranging from–5.87 to 4.06. The elite allele CMATN22-166 demonstrated the strongest positive effect with a mean of 2.56 and the typical carrier material Elizabeth，while CMCTTN166-157 had the strongest negative effect（mean =–5.16）with the carrier material PI163206，a local germplasm of India. Five elite alleles showed dominant frequencies，however，the rest three were low-frequency elite alleles（< 0.3）. The present results will be beneficial for further positional cloning of the genes related to quality characters and development of practical molecular markers in melon.

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• Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to Study on Substance Change in the Process of Petal Extending of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdanbai’
• LI Xiuli1,*，CHEN Fazhi1，JI Xiaomei1，CHEN Zhen1，DAI Zhigang2，YANG Yang1，and WANG Yan1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 911-920. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0624
• Abstract ( 402 ) HTML ( 937 ) PDF (999KB) ( 937 ) 　　　
• In order to understand the petal extension mechanism，both FTIR（fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy）and Guassian multi-peak fitting were used to explore spectrum properties and protein secondary structure differences of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdanbai’petal at the flower-bud，initiating bloom and bloom periods. The main results were as follows：The peak intensity at 777，1 105，1 155，1 243，1 447，1 651，1 740，2 853 and 2 926 cm-1 were enhanced in sequence with flowering，indicating that the metabolism products such as phospholipids，nucleic acids，lipids，proteins were increased during the process of flowering. A shift from 1 030 cm-1 to 1 060 cm-1 was observed in petal at flower-bud period and bloom period，which showed that cell wall polysaccharides of petal were glucomannan and arabinan，respectively. As compared with the petal at flower-bud period，the number of methyl groups in protein（A 2 951 cm-1/A 2 858 cm-1）of petal decrease by 7.97% and 13.38% at initiating bloom period and bloom period，respectively. The variation in glycoprotein of the samples（A 1 083 cm-1/A 1 547 cm-1）showed a downward trend after flowering，it could speculate out that protein regulate the petal extension by glycosylation in‘Fengdanbai’. The result of Guassian multi-peak fitting for the amideⅠregion（1 600–1 700 cm-1）indicated that the petal contained β-sheet + side chain + pectin，β-sheet，random coil，α-helix and loop + turn of secondary protein structure at different stages. And the α-helix，β-sheet and random coil showed an increase trend after flowering. The result indicated that the presence of low amounts of α-helix domains in petal at flower-bud period might compensate for reducing protein-water hydrogen band caused by lack of water. And also ATP was modified，which would provide the material base for petal-extension. The protein would regulate the complex biochemical processes in petal extension by forming more functional domains. The research results provided theoretical references for the substance change and the protein regulation on extension mechanism of petal.
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• Analysis of Florescence Characteristics on Clematis Cultivars Group
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 921-932. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0755
• Abstract ( 319 ) HTML ( 1123 ) PDF (792KB) ( 1123 ) 　　　

• Plants of the genus Clematis，which has been featured long florescence，various flower pattern and color. To investigate the flowering characteristics of Clematis in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China，9 primary florescence characteristics including squaring stage，bud stage，initial flowering stage，fullbloom stage，wither stage，last flowering stage，florescence，ornamental period and single flower florescence of 79 ornamental Clematis cultivars were observed and analysised in three consecutive years. Seventy-nine cultivars were categorized into 5 groups，including extremely early group，early group，medium group，late group，and extremely late group，according to the initial flowering stage data with 16 days as the differential. And according to the gradient of five days of ornamental period，79 cultivars were categorized into another five groups，including very short flowering phase，short flowering phase，medium flowering phase，long flowering phase，very long flowering phase. CDI analysis showed that late April to late May were the best ornamental period of Clematis. Correlation analysis showed that the bud stage，florescence and ornamental period were significantly correlated to the temperature，while single flower has no such correlation. This paper could lay a foundation for the study on the flowering traits of Clematis，provide a theoretical basis for the landscape garden application，planting varieties collocation，specialized garden construction，and breeding parental select.

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• Subcellular Localization and Functional Analysis of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene MLO in Rose
• QIU Xianqin，WANG Qigang，JIAN Hongying，YAN Huijun，LI Shubin，CHEN Min，ZHOU Ningning，TANG Kaixue*，and ZHANG Hao*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 933-943. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0684
• Abstract ( 354 ) HTML ( 1579 ) PDF (4320KB) ( 1579 ) 　　　

• Mildew resistance locus o（MLO）genes are new type of disease resistance. In dicots，loss-of-function mutations in MLO genes confer high levels of broad-spectrum resistance in powdery mildew. In this study，we analyzed subcellular localization of MLO genes from rose using bioinformatics software combined with subcellular localization experiment. The results showed that RhMLO1 and RhMLO2 were both transmembrane proteins mainly distributed in plasma membrane，vacuole membrane and nucleus，which were basically in line with the prediction. We constructed the plant expression vector with sense RhMLO1 gene based on digestion and connection methods，which was introduced into embryogenic callus of‘Baiyu’by Agrobacterium-meidiated transformation. The transgenic lines were confirmed integration based on PCR and FQ-PCR. We compared the difference of powdery mildew resistance level between control plants and transgenic plants by isolated identification and microscope observation. The results showed that RhMLO1-transgenic lines decreased resistance against the pathogen.

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Research Notes

• Long RT-PCR，Cloning and Sequencing of Full-length Genome of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus
• CUI Tiantian，WANG Yanjiao，BIN Yu，LI Zhongan，ZHOU Changyong，and SONG Zhen*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 944-952. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0899
• Abstract ( 309 ) HTML ( 947 ) PDF (1264KB) ( 947 ) 　　　

• In order to clone full-length cDNA of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus（CYVCV），further understand the molecular characteristics of CYVCV and its pathogenic mechanism, a long RT-PCR system was established with optimizing conditions and specific primer designed according to the sequences of CYVCV in GenBank and the results of 5′RACE（rapidamplification of cDNA ends）. After extraction of total RNA from the Citrus aurantium‘Daidai’of the infected CYVCV and amplification the full-length genome of CYVCV by the long RT-PCR，the full-length of CYVCV cDNA was obtained and cloned into pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. The results showed that the 7.5 kb full-length genome of Citrus yellow vein clearing virus was amplified successfully by the long RT-PCR. The homology of nucleotide sequences of the four amplified full-length cDNA were 93%–99% to the strains in GenBank.

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• Effects of CaCl2 on the AsA-GSH Cycle of Sour Jujube Seedlings Under NaCl Stress
• Lü Xinmin，YANG Yifan，LU Xiaoyan*，JIN Juan，and BAI Ru
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 953-962. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0786
• Abstract ( 262 ) HTML ( 743 ) PDF (718KB) ( 743 ) 　　　

• A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of CaCl2 on the ascorbate- glutathione（AsA-GSH）cycle in roots，stems，and leaves of sour jujube（Ziziphus acidojujuba C. Y. Cheng et M. J. Liu）under NaCl stress. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly increased the absocrbic acid（AsA）content and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR）activity in sour jujube roots and leaves. In contrast，NaCl stress reduced the ascorbate peroxidase（APX）activity in those organs. Glutathione（GSH）content in roots，stems，and leaves were significantly greater in the NaCl treatment than in the control treatment. The addition of CaCl2 to the hydroponic solution increased AsA content in shoots and stems compared with the NaCl treatment. In contrast，NaCl + CaCl2 reduced AsA concentrations and APX activity in leaves. The NaCl + CaCl2 treatment also significantly increased MDHAR activity in roots and DHAR activity in leaves and stem. The GSH content in roots and leaves was less in the NaCl + CaCl2 treatment than in the NaCl treatment. In conclusion，exogenous CaCl2 improved AsA regeneration in sour jujube roots and stems by increasing the MDHAR and DHAR activities in roots，stems，and leaves. The CaCl2 also promoted AsA synthesis in sour jujube stems and roots. The CaCl2 improved the ability of sour jujube seedlings under NaCl stress to eliminate hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）by increasing AsA content in roots and stems.

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• Spectral Effect for Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution of Whole Lettuce Plant
• WANG Ruinan，XUE Zhanjun，GAO Lu，and GAO Zhikui*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 963-971. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0924
• Abstract ( 258 ) HTML ( 842 ) PDF (731KB) ( 842 ) 　　　

• The seedlings of lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.）were illuminated with blue light（442 ± 9）nm and（457 ± 7），red light（627 ± 7）nm and（655 ± 11）nm and green light（521 ± 14）nm LEDs（300 µmol · m^-2 · s^-1，12 h photoperiod）respectively，based on the difference of absorption spectrum of chlorophyll in cells of higher plants. Natural light in greenhouse was applied as a control treatment（CK）. After three weeks of illumination，the nutritive accumulation，distribution and growth characteristic in the different parts of lettuce were measured to investigate the regulation effect of LEDs spectrum. The most remarkable increase（57.89%–85.04%）in leaf area，fresh weight and dry weight were detected in the red light₆₅₅ treatment compared with the CK. Treated with short wavelength of LEDs spectrums，blue light enhanced allocation of soluble proteins in leaf，root and whole-plant，and more soluble proteins were found to centralize in the leaf of lettuce when the wavelength got further shortened（e.g. blue light₄₄₂）. Meanwhile，the contents of soluble sugar in leaf，stem and whole-plant increased by 97.26%–357.54% under the red and blue irradiation. With the increase of wavelength of LEDs spectrums，more soluble sugar was also recorded in the leaf of lettuce after the illumination of red light ₆₅₅ treatment. However，the red light reduced the free amino acid content（52.79%–59.01%）and inhibited the GOT activity in leaf of lettuce，which could transfer more free amino acid into stem and then into root. This seems to indicate that red light Abstract. favored the growth of lunar organs or parts of lettuce by transporting and distributing more amino acids.

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• Identification and Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen Causing Myrothecium Leaf Spot on Chinese Yam
• WANG Fei，LIU Hongyan，WEN Yi，LIU Yuxia，GAO Suxia，and LU Chuantao*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 972-978. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0975
• Abstract ( 368 ) HTML ( 920 ) PDF (1550KB) ( 920 ) 　　　

• A new foliar disease on Chinese yam（Dioscorea opposita）was observed in Jiaozuo city，Henan province. The spots with a size ranged from 3–18 mm in diameter show circular and pale to dark brown concentric rings on the leaves. There were black spore masses on older lesions. It was isolated and identified according Koch’s Postulates. The single spore（with a isolation number of 0901）was isolated from the symptomatic portions of the leaves. The pathogenicity test has shown that the pure isolate 0901 was the pathogen causing the disease. Morphological characteristics of 0901 were consistent with the descriptions of Myrothecium roridum. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia and which was amplified as a template with the universal primer pair of fungal rDNA ITS1 and ITS4，then the fragment was sequenced. The sequence showed highest identity（99%）to M. roridum. It was concluded that M. roridum was a new pathogen in Chinese yam in Henan province，China. The biological characteristics of the pathogen were tested. The colony spread fastest under 30 ℃，12 h light/dark condition. The pathogen could grow well under pH 5–10，conidia lethal temperature was 52 ℃. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth were lactose and alanine，and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and yeast for spore production.

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• Screening Out of Cd-pollution-safe Pepper Cultivars by Clustering Analysis
• LIU Feng1,2，MI Baobin1,2,*，WEI Ruimin1，ZOU Xuexiao2，ZHOU Huoqiang1,2，WANG Duanhua1,2，and DAI Xiongze1,2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 979-986. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0671
• Abstract ( 286 ) HTML ( 944 ) PDF (707KB) ( 944 ) 　　　

• To assess the security of pepper cultivation in Cd contaminated soil effectively and efficiently，the variation of Cd content in 71 pepper genetype materials and the effect of Cd concentration in Cd contaminated farmland soil on Cd content in peppers were investigated through pot and field experiments in detail in the hope of obtaining a threshold value of Cd concentration in farmland soil when planting peppers and screening out Cd-pollution-safe pepper cultivars. It was found that Xiangxin 8，Changyan 201，Changla 7，Xingxiu Chaotianjiao and Bola 9 were potential to be Cd-pollution-safe pepper cultivars grown in the farmland soil with a Cd concentration lower than 0.58 mg · kg^-1，and Cd contents in the 5 pepper cultivars met the requirements of the National Food Safety Standard of China（GB2762-2012）. Furthermore，the influence of pepper bearing period on Cd content in Xiangyan 15 was also investigated，founding that the Cd contents in peppers displayed significant variability in different bearing periods；therefore，the effect of bearing period should also be considered in pepper breeding.

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Review

• null
• XU Junchi1,2，GAN Jianping1，XIANG Jun1，ZHANG Qinglin2，XU Liqing2，GUO Dayong2，and LUO Zhengrong2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 987-998. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0805
• Abstract ( 384 ) HTML ( 1130 ) PDF (2858KB) ( 1130 ) 　　　
• null
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• Establishment of LAMP Assay for Detection of Citrus chlorotic dwarf- associated virus（CCDaV）
• LIU Kehong，CHEN Hongming，ZHOU Yan，SONG Zhen，and LI Zhongan *
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 999-1004. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0535
• Abstract ( 251 ) HTML ( 779 ) PDF (441KB) ( 779 ) 　　　

• The specific primers of Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus（CCDaV）were designed from the conserved region of movement protein（MP） gene sequence which available in GenBank，and the reaction condition was optimized. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification（RT-LAMP）assay was established for detection of CCDaV. CCDaV was detected while Citrus tristeza virus（CTV），Citrus tatter leaf virus（CTLV），Citrus exocortis viroid（CEVd），Satsuma dwarf virus（SDV）and Huanglongbing（HLB）were not detected by the LAMP assay. Sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 100-fold higher than conventional PCR and same as real-time PCR. The positive rate of 50 samples from Yunnan，Sichuan and Chongqing by using the LAMP was 6%，same as conventional PCR and real-time PCR，suggesting the LAMP assay could detect CCDaV from field samples. The LAMP assay is a specific，sensitive and rapid method for detecting CCDaV.

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• Establishment of Reverse-transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplication Assay for Rapid Detection of Melon yellow spot virus
• LI Zhanbiao1，XIE Huiting1，CUI Lixian1，SU Qin3，QIN Bixia1,*，YANG Shian1,2，DENG Tiejun1，and CAI Jianhe1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 1005-1010. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0923
• Abstract ( 349 ) HTML ( 1051 ) PDF (523KB) ( 1051 ) 　　　

• Melon yellow spot virus disease caused by（MYSV）Melon yellow spot virus was an newly reported viral disease harm greenhouse melon production in recent years. In this study，three sets of specific primers were designed based on the conserved region of the N gene of MYSV，The reaction system was screened，optimized，and one feasible set of primers was selected to suitable for the RT-LAMP reaction. MYSV RTLAMP optimal reaction parameters were obtained in this study. The established RT-LAMP method was specific in detecting MYSV and can be accomplished in 45 min with highly advantage in sensitivity，100 times than RT-PCR. The method is suitable for rapid and accurate detection and identification of MYSV.

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New Cultivars

• A New Litchi Cultivar‘Guili 2’
• XU Ning1，ZENG Shijiang2，ZHU Jianhua1,*，PAN Jian2，HUANG Jiliang2，QIN Xianquan1，PENG Hongxiang1，LIANG Zonghuo2，MENG Chunling2，CHEN Tie2，YANG Jie2，TAN Shiliang2，LAO Shaozhen2，TAN Zheng2，LI Dongbo1，LU Gui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 1011-1012. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0667
• Abstract ( 443 ) HTML ( 616 ) PDF (1134KB) ( 616 ) 　　　

• ‘Guili 2’is a new litchi cultivar selected from individual variability in Guangxi. The fruit is large，good quality and high yield. The fresh is soft and smooth. It has uniform color and sweet taste. The average fruit weight is 38.0 g，the esculent rate is 75.8%，and the soluble solids content is 19.5%.

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• A New Carambola Cultivar‘Daguo Tianyangtao 5’
• WANG Xiaomei1，REN Hui1,*，LIU Yeqiang1，SU Weiqiang1，FANG Weikuan1，DONG Long1，HUANG Huiye2，and QIU Wenwu1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 1013-1014. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0970
• Abstract ( 671 ) HTML ( 677 ) PDF (1098KB) ( 677 ) 　　　

• ‘Daguo Tianyangtao 5’was selected from a bud mutation of carambola cultivar‘Daguo Tianyangtao 1’. The fruit is long ovate with string and the top of fruit is blunt. The fruit has yellow background color and yellow flesh color. Its average fruit weight is 215.0 g，the soluble solids content is 9.5%. Fruit has high-yielding，its flesh is delicate and crisp. The flavor is sweet sour of very good eating quality. Suitable cultivation area is in south regions of Guangxi.

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• A New Hot Pepper Hybrid‘Sujiao 25’
• GE Wei，WANG Shubin*，LIU Jinbing，PAN Baogui，DIAO Weiping，GUO Guangjun，GAO Changzhou，and Zhang Qiyue
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 1015-1016. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0770
• Abstract ( 457 ) HTML ( 741 ) PDF (1244KB) ( 741 ) 　　　

• A new early ripening hot pepper‘Sujiao 25’has been released. Its fruit is long lantern shaped，13.5 cm in length，4.5 cm in width，62.1 g in weight，and the vitamin C content of fresh fruits is 1.15 mg · g-1. The marketable yield is about 41.0 t · hm-2. It is suitable for the protected cultivation in the regions of the Yangtze–Huaihe and Huaihe–Huanghe river.

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• A New Cultivar of Magnolia stellata‘Fenhe’
• MA Tianxiao1，WANG Yanmei2,*，LIU Jinding3，ZHANG Yiming3，YANG Le3，LI Chunpeng3，HU Xinquan4，and BI Xuewei4
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(5): 1017-1017. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0944
• Abstract ( 283 ) HTML ( 911 ) PDF (3049KB) ( 911 ) 　　　

• ‘Fenhe’is a new cultivar from a bud mutation of 8 years Magnolia stellata. The buds of ‘Fenhe’come early with high yield. It can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. Flowering is from mid February to late March.‘Fenhe’has some typical characteristics，such as lotus petal shape，bright color，large number of flowers，strong resistance，less disease，easy management，and high ornamental value.

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