The Quantitative Classification of Flower Color Phenotype and Genetic Study for Population Flower Color in Marigold

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0351

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 646-654.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0351

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Quantitative Classification of Flower Color Phenotype and Genetic Study for Population Flower Color in Marigold

LÜ Guifang¹, ZANG Yunping², TAO Zhengguo³, LIU Cuicui¹, ZHANG Huali⁴, BAO Manzhu¹, HE Yanhong¹^,^**()

¹ National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops，College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
² Yunnan Lidaer Biological Technology Co. LTD，Wen Shan，Yunnan 663100，China
³ Guangzhou Lidaer Biotechnology Co. LTD，Guangzhou 510663，China
⁴ Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture，Beijing 100102，China

Received:2024-06-03 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-25
Contact: HE Yanhong

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to classify the flower color of marigold and reveal the genetic principle，the 46 marigold resources and a 390-individual F₂population segregating for S5（orange）and MT（white）were used as experimental materials. The generating brightness value L^*，redness value a^*，and yellowness value b^*were further clustered and submitted to genetic analyses. Based on the clustering results of the L^*，a^* and b^* values，46 marigold resources were categorized into five distinct color groups: white，light yellow，yellow，orange-yellow and orange. Each group exhibited concentrated and distinct parameter distribution. Moreover，the L^*，a^* and b^* values of the 390 individuals in the F₂ population displayed continuous distribution and broad segregation. Flower color of the population adhered to the inheritance pattern of quantitative trait governed by a major gene and multiple secondary genes，and the orange color exhibited incomplete dominance over the white color.

Key words: marigold, flower color, colorimeter, quantitative classification, genetic analysis

LÜ Guifang, ZANG Yunping, TAO Zhengguo, LIU Cuicui, ZHANG Huali, BAO Manzhu, HE Yanhong. The Quantitative Classification of Flower Color Phenotype and Genetic Study for Population Flower Color in Marigold[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 646-654.

Figures/Tables 8

References 21

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来源Source	类型Type	名称Name	缩写Abb.	花色Color	比色卡RHSCC
北京市园林绿化科学研究院 Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture	自交系 Inbred line	138	138	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-A
		148	148	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		687	687	橘红Orange	ORANGE-N25-A
		V-02	V-02	橘红Orange	YELLOW-2-A
	F₁株系Filial generation strain	951	951	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N24-A
		953	953	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-C
		954	954	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-B
	品种Cultivar	春景 Chunjing	CJ	黄色Yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		橙玉 Chengyu	CY	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		金玉 Jinyu	JY	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-3-A
		美誉Meiyu	MY	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-6-B
华中农业大学 Huazhong Agricultural University	自交系 Inbred line	6155	6155	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		6170	6170	黄色Yellow	ORANGE-N25-C
		6210	6210	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-A
		9906	9906	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		F1	F1	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F2	F2	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F4	F4	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F8	F8	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F10	F10	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		MT	MT	白色White	YELLOW-2-B
		米白 Off-white	MB	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-A
	雄性不育两用系 Male sterile two-type line	GH	GH	橘红Orange	YELLOW-7-A
		S3	S3	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-B
		S5	S5	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-7-B
		S12	S12	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-2-A
		S13	S13	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-7-B
虹越园艺 Hongyue Gardening	品种Cultivar	发现橙色Discovery Orange	FXC	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-12-A
		发现黄色Discovery Yellow	FXH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-14-B
		老印卡黄色Old Inka Yellow	LYKH	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-B
塞诺园艺 Sainuo Gardening	品种Cultivar	发现橘色Discovery Orange	FXJ	橘红Orange	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		金盾黄色 Jindun Yellow	JDH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-9-B
		金盾橘色Jindun Orange	JDJ	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-9-B
		贵夫人色素Lady Pigment	GFR	橘红Orange	YELLOW -2-A
		里程碑黄色Milestone Yellow	LCBH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-5-C
世杰种业 Shijie Seeds	品种Cultivar	丰盛黄色Rich Yellow	FSH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-9-A
世杰种业 Shijie Seeds	品种Cultivar	丰盛橘色Rich Orange	FSJ	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-14-B
金秋园艺 Jinqiu Gardening	品种Cultivar	菊花万寿菊Chrysanthemum Marigold	JHWSJ	橘红Orange	YELLOW-3-A
金秋园艺 Jinqiu Gardening	品种Cultivar	菊花型橘色Chrysanthemum Type Orange	JHX	橘红Orange	YELLOW-6-A
泰国Thailand Ameriseed	自交系 Inbred line	MARⅡ	MARⅡ	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-9-A
	品种Cultivar	香草 Vanilla	XC	白色White	YELLOW-2-D
	品种Cultivar	夏威夷Hawaii	XWY	橘红Orange	ORANGE-N25-C
花仙子园艺Flower Fairy Gardening	品种Cultivar	明黄花仙子Yellow Flower Fairy	MHHXZ	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-6-B
花仙子园艺Flower Fairy Gardening	品种Cultivar	食用色素Food Coloring	SYSS	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-9-A
春和园艺 Chunhe Gardening	品种Cultivar	完美金黄Perfect Yellow	WMJH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-2-A
春和园艺 Chunhe Gardening	品种Cultivar	印卡黄色Inka Yellow	YKH	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-4-D

来源Source	类型Type	名称Name	缩写Abb.	花色Color	比色卡RHSCC
北京市园林绿化科学研究院 Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture	自交系 Inbred line	138	138	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-A
		148	148	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		687	687	橘红Orange	ORANGE-N25-A
		V-02	V-02	橘红Orange	YELLOW-2-A
	F₁株系Filial generation strain	951	951	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N24-A
		953	953	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-C
		954	954	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-B
	品种Cultivar	春景 Chunjing	CJ	黄色Yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		橙玉 Chengyu	CY	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		金玉 Jinyu	JY	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-3-A
		美誉Meiyu	MY	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-6-B
华中农业大学 Huazhong Agricultural University	自交系 Inbred line	6155	6155	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		6170	6170	黄色Yellow	ORANGE-N25-C
		6210	6210	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-A
		9906	9906	浅黄Light yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		F1	F1	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F2	F2	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F4	F4	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F8	F8	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		F10	F10	橘黄Orange-yellow	ORANGE-N25-D
		MT	MT	白色White	YELLOW-2-B
		米白 Off-white	MB	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-A
	雄性不育两用系 Male sterile two-type line	GH	GH	橘红Orange	YELLOW-7-A
		S3	S3	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-B
		S5	S5	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-7-B
		S12	S12	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-2-A
		S13	S13	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-7-B
虹越园艺 Hongyue Gardening	品种Cultivar	发现橙色Discovery Orange	FXC	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-12-A
		发现黄色Discovery Yellow	FXH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-14-B
		老印卡黄色Old Inka Yellow	LYKH	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-5-B
塞诺园艺 Sainuo Gardening	品种Cultivar	发现橘色Discovery Orange	FXJ	橘红Orange	YELLOW-ORANGE-23-A
		金盾黄色 Jindun Yellow	JDH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-9-B
		金盾橘色Jindun Orange	JDJ	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-9-B
		贵夫人色素Lady Pigment	GFR	橘红Orange	YELLOW -2-A
		里程碑黄色Milestone Yellow	LCBH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-5-C
世杰种业 Shijie Seeds	品种Cultivar	丰盛黄色Rich Yellow	FSH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-9-A
世杰种业 Shijie Seeds	品种Cultivar	丰盛橘色Rich Orange	FSJ	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-ORANGE-14-B
金秋园艺 Jinqiu Gardening	品种Cultivar	菊花万寿菊Chrysanthemum Marigold	JHWSJ	橘红Orange	YELLOW-3-A
金秋园艺 Jinqiu Gardening	品种Cultivar	菊花型橘色Chrysanthemum Type Orange	JHX	橘红Orange	YELLOW-6-A
泰国Thailand Ameriseed	自交系 Inbred line	MARⅡ	MARⅡ	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-9-A
	品种Cultivar	香草 Vanilla	XC	白色White	YELLOW-2-D
	品种Cultivar	夏威夷Hawaii	XWY	橘红Orange	ORANGE-N25-C
花仙子园艺Flower Fairy Gardening	品种Cultivar	明黄花仙子Yellow Flower Fairy	MHHXZ	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-6-B
花仙子园艺Flower Fairy Gardening	品种Cultivar	食用色素Food Coloring	SYSS	橘黄Orange-yellow	YELLOW-9-A
春和园艺 Chunhe Gardening	品种Cultivar	完美金黄Perfect Yellow	WMJH	黄色Yellow	YELLOW-2-A
春和园艺 Chunhe Gardening	品种Cultivar	印卡黄色Inka Yellow	YKH	浅黄Light yellow	YELLOW-4-D

名称缩写 Abbreviation	L^*	a^*	b^*	色系 Color group	名称缩写 Abbreviation	L^*	a^*	b^*	色系 Color group
MT	84.69	-2.40	12.98	白色White	MB	72.28	-4.62	25.56	黄色Yellow
XC	83.83	-0.69	6.93	白色White	MY	64.95	-2.08	22.19	黄色Yellow
148	73.18	-0.53	34.42	浅黄色Light yellow	S13	70.29	-1.22	29.83	黄色Yellow
954	74.57	-1.25	37.29	浅黄色Light yellow	WMJH	64.65	5.12	27.29	黄色Yellow
9906	74.73	-2.31	35.58	浅黄色Light yellow	YKH	66.09	-1.35	25.79	黄色Yellow
F1	73.39	-0.97	31.60	浅黄色Light yellow	953	64.45	16.43	28.32	橘黄色Orange-yellow
F4	84.65	-3.80	45.91	浅黄色Light yellow	CY	60.98	13.01	22.28	橘黄色Orange-yellow
LCBH	71.02	-1.26	32.55	浅黄色Light yellow	FXJ	62.14	15.20	22.99	橘黄色Orange-yellow
MAR Ⅱ	75.60	-0.86	37.14	浅黄色Light yellow	FSJ	62.39	15.85	24.54	橘黄色Orange-yellow
MHHXZ	72.81	-2.26	31.78	浅黄色Light yellow	FXC	62.28	16.87	24.65	橘黄色Orange-yellow
S3	73.28	-2.16	31.73	浅黄色Light yellow	JDJ	62.67	14.60	25.37	橘黄色Orange-yellow
S12	80.87	-1.70	43.53	浅黄色Light yellow	SYSS	63.33	16.39	26.37	橘黄色Orange-yellow
951	68.51	-1.75	27.73	黄色Yellow	XWY	60.28	16.44	21.00	橘黄色Orange-yellow
6155	64.13	1.96	22.97	黄色Yellow	138	70.18	19.13	37.06	橘色Orange
6170	63.84	5.42	24.91	黄色Yellow	687	66.47	28.25	31.34	橘色Orange
6210	62.50	2.20	22.48	黄色Yellow	F10	67.26	20.25	33.05	橘色Orange
CJ	69.83	0.55	28.73	黄色Yellow	F8	71.57	23.74	39.10	橘色Orange
F2	67.04	-0.62	26.28	黄色Yellow	GFR	65.70	23.72	30.17	橘色Orange
FSH	63.14	0.35	20.97	黄色Yellow	GH	69.15	25.64	35.54	橘色Orange
FXH	66.12	4.91	26.71	黄色Yellow	JHWSJ	65.02	26.90	28.99	橘色Orange
JDH	71.27	-2.48	29.98	黄色Yellow	JHX	68.60	22.73	34.98	橘色Orange
JY	65.51	5.11	25.84	黄色Yellow	S5	70.24	17.28	34.36	橘色Orange
LYKH	67.18	-1.66	26.70	黄色Yellow	V-02	67.95	28.25	34.07	橘色Orange

名称缩写 Abbreviation	L^*	a^*	b^*	色系 Color group	名称缩写 Abbreviation	L^*	a^*	b^*	色系 Color group
MT	84.69	-2.40	12.98	白色White	MB	72.28	-4.62	25.56	黄色Yellow
XC	83.83	-0.69	6.93	白色White	MY	64.95	-2.08	22.19	黄色Yellow
148	73.18	-0.53	34.42	浅黄色Light yellow	S13	70.29	-1.22	29.83	黄色Yellow
954	74.57	-1.25	37.29	浅黄色Light yellow	WMJH	64.65	5.12	27.29	黄色Yellow
9906	74.73	-2.31	35.58	浅黄色Light yellow	YKH	66.09	-1.35	25.79	黄色Yellow
F1	73.39	-0.97	31.60	浅黄色Light yellow	953	64.45	16.43	28.32	橘黄色Orange-yellow
F4	84.65	-3.80	45.91	浅黄色Light yellow	CY	60.98	13.01	22.28	橘黄色Orange-yellow
LCBH	71.02	-1.26	32.55	浅黄色Light yellow	FXJ	62.14	15.20	22.99	橘黄色Orange-yellow
MAR Ⅱ	75.60	-0.86	37.14	浅黄色Light yellow	FSJ	62.39	15.85	24.54	橘黄色Orange-yellow
MHHXZ	72.81	-2.26	31.78	浅黄色Light yellow	FXC	62.28	16.87	24.65	橘黄色Orange-yellow
S3	73.28	-2.16	31.73	浅黄色Light yellow	JDJ	62.67	14.60	25.37	橘黄色Orange-yellow
S12	80.87	-1.70	43.53	浅黄色Light yellow	SYSS	63.33	16.39	26.37	橘黄色Orange-yellow
951	68.51	-1.75	27.73	黄色Yellow	XWY	60.28	16.44	21.00	橘黄色Orange-yellow
6155	64.13	1.96	22.97	黄色Yellow	138	70.18	19.13	37.06	橘色Orange
6170	63.84	5.42	24.91	黄色Yellow	687	66.47	28.25	31.34	橘色Orange
6210	62.50	2.20	22.48	黄色Yellow	F10	67.26	20.25	33.05	橘色Orange
CJ	69.83	0.55	28.73	黄色Yellow	F8	71.57	23.74	39.10	橘色Orange
F2	67.04	-0.62	26.28	黄色Yellow	GFR	65.70	23.72	30.17	橘色Orange
FSH	63.14	0.35	20.97	黄色Yellow	GH	69.15	25.64	35.54	橘色Orange
FXH	66.12	4.91	26.71	黄色Yellow	JHWSJ	65.02	26.90	28.99	橘色Orange
JDH	71.27	-2.48	29.98	黄色Yellow	JHX	68.60	22.73	34.98	橘色Orange
JY	65.51	5.11	25.84	黄色Yellow	S5	70.24	17.28	34.36	橘色Orange
LYKH	67.18	-1.66	26.70	黄色Yellow	V-02	67.95	28.25	34.07	橘色Orange

色系 Color group	品种数量 Cultivar number	百分比/% Percentage	L^*	a^*	b^*
白色White	2	4.34	83.83 ~ 84.69	-2.40 ~-0.69	6.93 ~ 12.98
浅黄色Light yellow	10	21.74	71.02 ~ 84.65	-3.80 ~-0.53	32.55 ~ 45.91
黄色Yellow	16	34.78	63.84 ~ 72.28	-4.62 ~ 5.42	20.97 ~ 29.98
橘黄色Orange-yellow	8	17.39	60.28 ~ 64.45	13.01 ~ 16.87	21.00 ~ 28.32
橘色Orange	10	21.74	65.02 ~ 71.57	17.28 ~ 28.25	28.99 ~ 39.10

The Quantitative Classification of Flower Color Phenotype and Genetic Study for Population Flower Color in Marigold

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