The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Seedlings Under Salt Stress

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0348

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 423-438.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0348

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Seedlings Under Salt Stress

LI Ao, ZHENG Xu, WU Chengxu, NIE Ruining, JI Xinying, TANG Jiali, ZHANG Junpei^*()

State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding，Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration，Research Institute of Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China

Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2024-11-22 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-02-23
Contact: ZHANG Junpei

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect and regulatory mechanisms of walnut seedlings’ salt tolerance influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF），in this study，Juglans regia‘Wen 185’ seedings were used as experimental material. Pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse where seedlings were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis. The effects of these two AMFs on photosynthetic parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence，stomatal characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，and endogenous hormone levels were analyzed under different NaCl concentrations （0，100，200，and 300 mmol · L^-1）. Under NaCl stress，seedling growth and development were inhibited，photosynthetic performance decreased，and the activities of antioxidant enzymes（SOD，POD，APX）and proline（Pro）content increased. Seedlings inoculated with AMF exhibited significant increases in chlorophyll content，photosynthetic parameters，and levels of endogenous hormones（IAA，ABA，GA₃，ZR），but the effects on the fluorescence intensity of the OJIP curve（I-P） and the efficiency of electron transport（ABS/RC，TR_o/RC，ET_o/RC）were not significant. AMF inoculation reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and malondialdehyde（MDA），mitigated oxidative stress，and improved stomatal width at 100 mmol · L^-1 NaCl. At 300 mmol · L^-1 NaCl，inoculation with F. mosseae enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and Pro content. Principal component analysis showed that AMF mainly improved the salt tolerance of‘Wen 185’walnut seedlings by promoting chlorophyll synthesis，enhancing photosynthetic performance，and increasing POD activity and Pro content，with the inoculation of F. mosseae being more effective.

Key words: walnut, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biochemistry, salt tolerance

LI Ao, ZHENG Xu, WU Chengxu, NIE Ruining, JI Xinying, TANG Jiali, ZHANG Junpei. The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Seedlings Under Salt Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 423-438.

Figures/Tables 12

References 35

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NaCl/ （mmol · L^-1）	AMF接种 AMF inoculation	株高/cm Plant height	地径/mm Ground diameter	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area	叶片含水量/％ Leaf water content
0	NM F.m	14.33 ± 0.98 abc 16.13 ± 0.96 a	5.97 ± 0.19 ab 6.40 ± 0.38 a	329.94 ± 7.41 bc 355.16 ± 8.16 a	73.12 ± 0.64 a 73.03 ± 0.80 a
0	R.i	16.25 ± 1.25 a	6.45 ± 0.61 a	350.28 ± 1.68 a	73.03 ± 0.34 a
100	NM F.m R.i	14.63 ± 1.29 abc 16.08 ± 1.10 a 14.10 ± 1.21 abc	5.70 ± 0.54 ab 6.45 ± 0.27 a 6.03 ± 0.20 ab	319.88 ± 5.52 cd 336.81 ± 4.05 b 319.96 ± 2.35 cd	71.11 ± 0.56 bc 71.97 ± 0.51 ab 71.97 ± 0.47 ab
200	NM F.m R.i	14.25 ± 1.60 abc 14.55 ± 1.43 abc 15.65 ± 0.93 ab	5.16 ± 0.13 b 5.75 ± 0.84 ab 5.48 ± 0.22 ab	289.68 ± 15.94 f 309.98 ± 2.23 de 303.88 ± 5.46 e	70.03 ± 0.26 cd 70.84 ± 0.90 bcd 69.61 ± 1.30 d
300	NM F.m R.i	13.63 ± 0.96 bc 15.13 ± 1.01 abc 13.25 ± 1.15 c	5.84 ± 1.01 ab 5.57 ± 0.41 ab 5.56 ± 0.29 ab	251.24 ± 8.10 h 299.84 ± 4.05 ef 266.31 ± 10.46 g	68.02 ± 1.25 e 70.31 ± 0.49 cd 69.53 ± 0.41 d

NaCl/ （mmol · L^-1）	AMF接种 AMF inoculation	株高/cm Plant height	地径/mm Ground diameter	比叶面积/（cm² · g^-1） Specific leaf area	叶片含水量/％ Leaf water content
0	NM F.m	14.33 ± 0.98 abc 16.13 ± 0.96 a	5.97 ± 0.19 ab 6.40 ± 0.38 a	329.94 ± 7.41 bc 355.16 ± 8.16 a	73.12 ± 0.64 a 73.03 ± 0.80 a
0	R.i	16.25 ± 1.25 a	6.45 ± 0.61 a	350.28 ± 1.68 a	73.03 ± 0.34 a
100	NM F.m R.i	14.63 ± 1.29 abc 16.08 ± 1.10 a 14.10 ± 1.21 abc	5.70 ± 0.54 ab 6.45 ± 0.27 a 6.03 ± 0.20 ab	319.88 ± 5.52 cd 336.81 ± 4.05 b 319.96 ± 2.35 cd	71.11 ± 0.56 bc 71.97 ± 0.51 ab 71.97 ± 0.47 ab
200	NM F.m R.i	14.25 ± 1.60 abc 14.55 ± 1.43 abc 15.65 ± 0.93 ab	5.16 ± 0.13 b 5.75 ± 0.84 ab 5.48 ± 0.22 ab	289.68 ± 15.94 f 309.98 ± 2.23 de 303.88 ± 5.46 e	70.03 ± 0.26 cd 70.84 ± 0.90 bcd 69.61 ± 1.30 d
300	NM F.m R.i	13.63 ± 0.96 bc 15.13 ± 1.01 abc 13.25 ± 1.15 c	5.84 ± 1.01 ab 5.57 ± 0.41 ab 5.56 ± 0.29 ab	251.24 ± 8.10 h 299.84 ± 4.05 ef 266.31 ± 10.46 g	68.02 ± 1.25 e 70.31 ± 0.49 cd 69.53 ± 0.41 d

指标Index	NaCl	AMF	NaCl × AMF
株高Plant height	2.798	2.023	1.68
地径Ground diameter	4.606	0.632	0.641
比叶面积Specific leaf area	143.643^***	34.491^***	3.846^**
叶片含水量Leaf water content	51.562^***	7.503^**	2.819^*
Chl. a	1129.989^***	84.332^***	12.145^***
Chl. b	523.973^***	53.622^***	20.335^***
Chl.（a+b）	988.983^***	80.524^***	14.573^***
P_n	840.754^***	73.736^***	9.115^***
G_s	1156.689^***	109.228^***	4.599^**
T_r	387.678^***	28.262^***	1.289
C_i	64.955^***	1.246	1.799
ABS/RC	7.164^***	1.565	0.965
TR_o/RC	6.997^**	0.836	0.712
ET_o/RC	3.296^*	4.882^*	0.855
DI_o/RC	5.196^**	3.395^*	1.398
F_v/F_m	3.07^*	4.687^*	1.419
PI_ABS	4.531^*	12.736^***	1.294
气孔长度Stomatal length	4.083^*	7.873^**	5.275^***
气孔宽度Stomatal width	12.215^***	6.167^**	1.657
气孔长宽比Stomatal length-width ratio	10.935^***	1.286	0.477
气孔密度Stomatal density	7.546^***	3.536^*	10.528^***
SOD	43.455^***	9.317^***	1.033
POD	114.64^***	1.555	5.271^***
APX	58.359^***	8.236^**	1.729
Pro	347.759^***	23.912^***	3.663^**
H₂O₂	369.106^***	72.425^***	7.615^***
MDA	39.018^***	79.852^***	19.385^***
IAA	6.973^**	196.747^***	5.551^***
ABA	41.951^***	960.551^***	41.726^***
GA₃	44.27^***	585.264^***	35.27^***
ZR	12.673^***	113.775^***	0.956

指标Index	NaCl	AMF	NaCl × AMF
株高Plant height	2.798	2.023	1.68
地径Ground diameter	4.606	0.632	0.641
比叶面积Specific leaf area	143.643^***	34.491^***	3.846^**
叶片含水量Leaf water content	51.562^***	7.503^**	2.819^*
Chl. a	1129.989^***	84.332^***	12.145^***
Chl. b	523.973^***	53.622^***	20.335^***
Chl.（a+b）	988.983^***	80.524^***	14.573^***
P_n	840.754^***	73.736^***	9.115^***
G_s	1156.689^***	109.228^***	4.599^**
T_r	387.678^***	28.262^***	1.289
C_i	64.955^***	1.246	1.799
ABS/RC	7.164^***	1.565	0.965
TR_o/RC	6.997^**	0.836	0.712
ET_o/RC	3.296^*	4.882^*	0.855
DI_o/RC	5.196^**	3.395^*	1.398
F_v/F_m	3.07^*	4.687^*	1.419
PI_ABS	4.531^*	12.736^***	1.294
气孔长度Stomatal length	4.083^*	7.873^**	5.275^***
气孔宽度Stomatal width	12.215^***	6.167^**	1.657
气孔长宽比Stomatal length-width ratio	10.935^***	1.286	0.477
气孔密度Stomatal density	7.546^***	3.536^*	10.528^***
SOD	43.455^***	9.317^***	1.033
POD	114.64^***	1.555	5.271^***
APX	58.359^***	8.236^**	1.729
Pro	347.759^***	23.912^***	3.663^**
H₂O₂	369.106^***	72.425^***	7.615^***
MDA	39.018^***	79.852^***	19.385^***
IAA	6.973^**	196.747^***	5.551^***
ABA	41.951^***	960.551^***	41.726^***
GA₃	44.27^***	585.264^***	35.27^***
ZR	12.673^***	113.775^***	0.956

The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Seedlings Under Salt Stress

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[2]	ZHANG Songyan, DIE Pengxiang, SONG Mengting, LI Zhijian, ZHOU Jian. Effect of Overexpression of Robinia pseudoacacia RpACBP3 Gene on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Nicotiana tabacum [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2155-2167.
[3]	XIA Hongyi, LIU Qiao, PENG Jiaqing, WU Wei, GONG Linzhong. Effects of f-Shaped Tree Shape on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality in‘Shine Muscat’Grapevines with Rain-Shelter Cultivation [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 560-570.
[4]	XU Qin, WANG Jiaying, ZHANG Mannan, XIAO Zhihao, ZHENG Hankai, LU Yong'en, WANG Taotao, ZHANG Yuyang, ZHANG Junhong, YE Zhibiao, YE Jie. Identification of Genetic Loci and Molecular Marker Development of Salt Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(2): 239-252.
[5]	YANG Jiangshan, CHEN Yajuan, DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang, JIN Xin, WANG Yuhang, WANG Chunheng. Effects of Potassium Fulvic Acid on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2843-2856.
[6]	LU Jianzeng, ZHOU Liyan, HUANG Xinyi, WU Fengzhi, GAO Danmei. Effects of Carbon Pool Strength on Plant Growth and Potassium Uptake of Tomato Intercropped with Potato-Onion [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2620-2632.
[7]	CHEN Xin, WU Xiaolong, LIU Shengrui, HU Xianchun, LIU Chunyan. Effects of AMF on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Gene Expressions of Tea Plants Under Drought Stress [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2358-2370.
[8]	ZHANG Chen, LI Mengjie, YANG Xiaoxue, WANG Meiyun, XIAO Dong, WANG Jianjun, HOU Xilin, HU Jun, LIU Tongkun. The Creation and Study on Characteristics of New Material of Autotetraploid Purple Tsai-tai [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(7): 1419-1428.
[9]	LIU Hui, HUANG Ting, TAO Jianping, ZHANG Jiaqi, ZHANG Rongrong, SONG Liuxia, ZHAO Tongmin, YOU Xiong, XIONG Aisheng. Analysis of Circadian Clock Genes SlLNK1，SlEID1，and SlELF3 Response to Photoperiod in Tomato [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(10): 2079-2090.
[10]	XING Wenxi, WANG Zeliang, WU Ningzi, LI Pijun, and WANG Jing. An Improved Walnut Cultivar‘Yanyuanzao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S1): 33-34.
[11]	SONG Fang, LI Zixuan, WANG Ce, WANG Zhijing, HE Ligang, JIANG Yingchun, WU Liming, BAI Fuxi. Cloning and Function Analysis of Mycorrhizal Signaling Receptor Protein Lysin Motif Receptor-like Kinases 2 Gene（LYK2）in Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 281-292.
[12]	YANG Ni, WAN Qiwen, LI Yimin, HAN Miaohua, TENG Ruimin, LIU Jiexia, ZHUANG Jing. Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Gene Expression of Key Enzymes Under Salt Stress in Tea Plant [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(2): 378-394.
[13]	WANG Cuixiang, LIANG Yan, HAN Chuanming, SUN Chao, MENG Xiaoye, TAN Shuling, ZHANG Yanxing, CHEN Aichang, and CUI Peng. A New Juglans regia Cultivar‘Lumian 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(S2): 2801-2802.
[14]	YU Shangqi, ZHANG Rui, GUO Zhongzhong, SONG Yan, FU Jiazhi, WU Pengyu, MA Zhihao. Dynamic Changes of Auxin and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Walnut Endocarp During Hardening [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(3): 487-504.
[15]	XU Haifeng, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Shigang, XIANG Kun, ZHANG Meiyong, XU Ying, WANG Guifang. Change of Fatty Acid During Storage Period of‘Qiuxiang’Walnut Based on Metabolomics Analysis [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(11): 2161-2170.