Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0070

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 2735-2742.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0070

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Next Articles

Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation

XIE Wenjie¹, CHEN Xiling¹, SHI Guozhao², ZHANG Peng¹, LI Xingang², ZHANG Rui¹(), DUAN Xiaoshan²()

¹College of Horticulture，Northwest A & F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China
²College of Forestry，Northwest A & F University，Yangling，Shaanxi 712100，China

Received:2024-05-11 Revised:2024-10-04 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-13
Contact: ZHANG Rui, DUAN Xiaoshan

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

Key words: jujube, facility cultivation, flower development, nectary, nectar secretion pattern, nectar composition

XIE Wenjie, CHEN Xiling, SHI Guozhao, ZHANG Peng, LI Xingang, ZHANG Rui, DUAN Xiaoshan. Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2735-2742.

Figures/Tables 5

References 35

[1]	Adgaba N, Al-Ghamdi A, Tadesse Y, Getachew A, Awad A M, Ansari M J, Owayss A A, Mohammed S E A, Alqarni A S. 2017. Nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24 (1):180-191. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.05.002 pmid: 28053589
[2]	Adgaba N, Awad A M, Al-Ghamdi A, Alqarni A S, Radloff S. 2012. Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi(L.)Willd(Rhamnaceae):dynamics of secretion and potential for honey production. Journal of Apicultural Science, 56 (2):49-59.
[3]	Alqarni A S. 2015. Honeybee foraging,nectar secretion,and honey potential of wild jujube trees, Ziziphus nummularia. Neotropical Entomology, 44 (3):232-241. doi: 10.1007/s13744-015-0279-4 pmid: 26013267
[4]	Ausín I, Alonso-Blanco C, Martínez-Zapter J M. 2005. Environmental regulation of flowering. The International Journal of Developmental Biology, 49 (5-6):689-705.
[5]	Baker H G, Baker I. 1973. Amino-acids in nectar and their evolutionary significance. Nature,241:543-545.
[6]	Corbet S A, Willmer P G, Beament J W L, Unwin D M, Prŷs-jones O E. 1979. Post-secretory determinants of sugar concentration in nectar. Plant,Cell and Environment, 2 (4):293-308.
[7]	Fan Panpan. 2021. Different cultivation environments and their effects on the growth,fruits and benefits of winter jujube[M. D. Dissertation]. Alaer: Tarim University. (in Chinese)
	范盼盼. 2021. 不同栽培环境及其对冬枣生长结果和效益的影响[硕士论文]. 阿拉尔: 塔里木大学.
[8]	Galliot C, Hoballah M E, Kuhlemeier C, Stuurman J. 2006. Genetics of flower size and nectar volume in Petunia pollination syndromes. Planta, 225 (1):203-212. pmid: 16871396
[9]	Guo Yuxin, Shan Gonghua. 2010. Chinese jujube. Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers. (in Chinese)
	郭裕新, 单公华. 2010. 中国枣. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社.
[10]	Han Yuexin, Sun Chao, Zhang Chuanli, Wang Qian, Zhou Yao, Yu Lixin, Yang Jincheng, Tang Weijie, Lin Liangbin. 2019. Study on the chemical component and content of nectar from different rapeseed cultivars(Brassica napus L.). Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science), 34 (4):571-575. (in Chinese)
	韩月鑫, 孙超, 张传利, 汪骞, 周尧, 于丽欣, 杨进成, 唐伟杰, 林良斌. 2019. 不同油菜品种花蜜化学成分及含量研究. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 34 (4):571-575.
[11]	He Rong, Zhang Qi, Jiang Xi. 2009. Observation on flower-bud morph differentiation and flower structure on jujube. Journal of Tarim University, 21 (1):11-14. (in Chinese)
	贺蓉, 张琦, 姜喜. 2009. 枣花芽形态分化和花器构造的观察. 塔里木大学学报, 21 (1):11-14.
[12]	Li Dengke, Liu Mengjun, Lu Guibin. 2006. Descriptors and data standard for jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Beijing: China Agriculture Press. (in Chinese)
	李登科, 刘孟军, 卢桂宾. 2006. 枣种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
[13]	Li Xingang. 2015. Chinese jujube industry. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. (in Chinese)
	李新岗. 2015. 中国枣产业. 北京: 中国林业出版社.
[14]	Li Yuting, Ren Lihui, Wang Yuan, Zhou Aiying, Yang Wei, Huang Jian. 2023. Photosynthetic characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’under protected cultivation. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 50 (3):647-656. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1139 URL
	李玉婷, 任利慧, 王媛, 周爱英, 杨维, 黄建. 2023. 设施栽培模式下‘冬枣’光合效率限制因子研究. 园艺学报, 50 (3):647-656. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1139 URL
[15]	Li Zhuo, Lü Yingzhong, Wang Haisong, Zhang Yongbing. 2021. Comparison of daily changes of growth and photosynthetic parameters of jujube tree under different cultivation patterns. Journal of Fruit Resources, 2 (1):14-17. (in Chinese)
	李卓, 吕英忠, 王海松, 张拥兵. 2021. 不同栽培模式对枣树生长量及光合参数日变化的影响. 果树资源学报, 2 (1):14-17.
[16]	Li Zuodong, Liu Jingxuan, Huang Shuangquan. 2006. A comparison of several methods used in the field for nectar collection and concentration analysis. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 44 (3):320-326. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/aps050007
	李左栋, 刘静萱, 黄双全. 2006. 传粉生物学中几种花蜜采集和糖浓度测定方法的比较. 植物分类学报, 44 (3):320-326.
[17]	Liu Nannan, Xiao Hanwen, Chen Xinghui, Chi Yunyang, Luo Huolin, Xiong Dongjin, Yang Boyun. 2020. Nectar secretion characteristics and their effects on insect pollination of Goodyera foliosa,a nectar rewarding orchid. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 28 (3):265-270. (in Chinese)
	刘南南, 肖汉文, 陈兴惠, 迟韵阳, 罗火林, 熊冬金, 杨柏云. 2020. 多叶斑叶兰花蜜特征和分泌规律及其对昆虫访花的影响. 热带亚热带植物学报, 28 (3):265-270.
[18]	Lun Hanning, Ye Zhongming, Yang Chunfeng. 2021. Comparison of floral nectar extraction,preservation,and detection methods. Plant Science Journal, 39 (2):201-207. (in Chinese)
	伦菡宁, 叶忠铭, 杨春锋. 2021. 植物花蜜提取、保存与检测分析方法及比较. 植物科学学报, 39 (2):201-207.
[19]	Luo Yingguo, Zhang Rui, Wang Biao, Li Yong, Lei Yaopeng, Ma Huidong. 2015. Overview of honey source plants of jujube in Ningxia and key points in bee colony management. Apiculture of China, 66 (5):46-47. (in Chinese)
	罗应国, 张瑞, 王彪, 李勇, 雷耀鹏, 马惠东. 2015. 宁夏枣树蜜源植物概况及蜂群管理要点. 中国蜂业, 66 (5):46-47.
[20]	Masierowska M L. 2003. Floral nectaries and nectar production in brown mustard(Brassica juncea)and white mustard(Sinapis alba)(Brassicaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 238 (1-4):97-107.
[21]	Meng X W, Li Y, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Li H T, Zhao J, Liu M J. 2020. The regulatory pathways of distinct flowering characteristics in Chinese jujube. Horticulture Research, 7 (1):123. doi: 10.1038/s41438-020-00344-7 pmid: 32821406
[22]	Qu Zezhou, Wang Yonghui. 1993. Chinese fruit trees juiube volumes. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. (in Chinese)
	曲泽洲, 王永蕙. 1993. 中国果树志 · 枣卷. 北京: 中国林业出版社.
[23]	Shen Jinshan, Wu Wenqing, Ma Weihua, Shao Youquan. 2012. Effects of bee pollination and gibberellin on jujube fruit setting and quality. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 40 (12):1308-1310. (in Chinese)
	申晋山, 武文卿, 马卫华, 邵有全. 2012. 蜜蜂授粉与喷施赤霉素对枣树坐果及品质的影响. 山西农业科学, 40 (12):1308-1310.
[24]	Shi Guozhao. 2022. Development and growth model of flowers in Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’[M. D. Dissertation]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University. (in Chinese)
	石国朝. 2022. 冬枣花生长发育模型研究[硕士论文]. 杨陵: 西北农林科技大学.
[25]	Stuurman J, Hoballah M E, Broger L, Moore J, Basten C, Kuhlemeier C. 2004. Dissection of floral pollination syndromes in Petunia. Genetics, 168 (3):1585-1599. doi: 10.1534/genetics.104.031138 pmid: 15579709
[26]	Swanson C A, Shuel R W. 1950. The centrifuge method for measuring nectar yield. Plant Physiol, 25 (3):513-520. doi: 10.1104/pp.25.3.513 pmid: 16654313
[27]	Wang Shizhen. 2019. The reasons of falling flowers of Dongzao jujube and the technical measures to improve fruit-setting rate during flowering. Journal of Fruit Resources,(5):49-51. (in Chinese)
	王世镇. 2019. 冬枣落花原因及提高花期坐果率技术措施. 果树资源学报,(5):49-51.
[28]	Wang Xiaodi, Wang Yingying, Zheng Xiaocui, Song Yang, Zhang Zhendong, Wang Haibo. 2019. Research progress on the effect of artificial supplementary light on the growth and development of facility horticultural crops. Northern Horticulture,(20):117-124. (in Chinese)
	王孝娣, 王莹莹, 郑晓翠, 宋杨, 张震东, 王海波. 2019. 人工补光对设施园艺作物生长发育影响的研究进展. 北方园艺,(20):117-124.
[29]	Zhang Dongxia. 2018. Winter jujube:technology integrated application and effect analysis of bee pollination and pest green control. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 34 (28):124-129. (in Chinese)
	张东霞. 2018. 冬枣蜜蜂授粉与绿色防控技术集成应用及效果分析. 中国农学通报, 34 (28):124-129. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080064
[30]	Zhang Dongxia, Zhang Zhiqiang, Shao Youquan. 2017. A comparative study on pollination efficacy between honeybee pollination and hormone pollination in Winter Jujube orchards conservation areas. Apiculture of China, 68 (10):40-42,44. (in Chinese)
	张东霞, 张智强, 邵有全. 2017. 保护地冬枣蜜蜂授粉与激素授粉效果的比较研究. 中国蜂业, 68 (10):40-42,44.
[31]	Zhang Xiaohan, Liu Linde, Wei Jianhua, Liu Yihong, Liu Zhihao, Kong Xianhai. 2021. Studies on the relationship between stigma and nectary of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. South China Agriculture, 15 (18):1-3. (in Chinese)
	张晓涵, 刘林德, 魏建华, 刘益宏, 刘志浩, 孔宪海. 2021. 酸枣柱头与蜜腺的亚显微形态及访花者活动的相关性试验. 南方农业, 15 (18):1-3.
[32]	Zhang Zhishan, Yang Huaijun, Yin Fujian. 1991. A study on the size,morphology,and ultrastructure observation of jujube nectary. Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology,(2):39-40,49-50. (in Chinese)
	张志善, 杨槐俊, 尹福建. 1991. 枣花蜜盘大小形态及超微结构观察研究. 山西林业科技,(2):39-40,49-50.
[33]	Zheng Furong, Zheng Xudong, Zhe Hongwen. 2003. The nectar secretion of jujube flowers in northern Shaanxi and key aspects of beehive management. Apiculture of China,(2):11. (in Chinese)
	郑富荣, 郑旭东, 折宏文. 2003. 陕北枣花的泌蜜规律和蜂群管理要点. 中国蜂业,(2):11.
[34]	Zhou Jie, Shi Kai, Xia Xiaojian, Zhou Yanhong, Yu Jingquan. 2022. Vegetable cultivation technology in China:a sixty-year review and prospect. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (10):2131-2142. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0858 URL
	周杰, 师恺, 夏晓剑, 周艳虹, 喻景权. 2022. 中国蔬菜栽培科技60年回顾与展望. 园艺学报, 49 (10):2131-2142. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0858 URL
[35]	Zhou J, Suo Z R, Zhao P P, Cheng N, Gao H, Zhao J, Cao W. 2013. Jujube honey from China:physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Journal of Food Science, 78 (3):C387-C394.

物候期 Phenological period	记载标准 Record standard
萌芽期 Sprouting stage	5%以上的芽开放 More than 5% of buds are open
花蕾期 Budding stage	叶腋间明显可见绿色的花蕾 Green flower buds are visible between the leaf axils
初花期 Early-flowering stage	枣吊中部25%零级花开放 25% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
盛花期 Peak-flowering stage	枣吊中部50%零级花开放 50% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
终花期 Final-flowering stage	枣吊中部90%零级花脱落 90% of the zero-grade flowers fall off in the middle of the bearing shoots
花结束期 End of flowering stage	95%的花脱落 95% of the flowers fall off

物候期 Phenological period	记载标准 Record standard
萌芽期 Sprouting stage	5%以上的芽开放 More than 5% of buds are open
花蕾期 Budding stage	叶腋间明显可见绿色的花蕾 Green flower buds are visible between the leaf axils
初花期 Early-flowering stage	枣吊中部25%零级花开放 25% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
盛花期 Peak-flowering stage	枣吊中部50%零级花开放 50% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
终花期 Final-flowering stage	枣吊中部90%零级花脱落 90% of the zero-grade flowers fall off in the middle of the bearing shoots
花结束期 End of flowering stage	95%的花脱落 95% of the flowers fall off

栽培模式 Cultivation	萌芽期 Germination stage	花蕾期 Budding stage	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full-bloom stage	终花期 Final flowering stage
露地栽培Open field cultivation	04-16	05-11（26 d）	06-06（52 d）	06-19（65 d）	07-12（88 d）
设施栽培Facility cultivation	03-29	04-07（10 d）	05-16（49 d）	06-06（70 d）	06-20（84 d）

栽培模式 Cultivation	萌芽期 Germination stage	花蕾期 Budding stage	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full-bloom stage	终花期 Final flowering stage
露地栽培Open field cultivation	04-16	05-11（26 d）	06-06（52 d）	06-19（65 d）	07-12（88 d）
设施栽培Facility cultivation	03-29	04-07（10 d）	05-16（49 d）	06-06（70 d）	06-20（84 d）

栽培模式 Cultivation	日期/（M-D） Date	花数 Flower count	单朵花蜜量/mg Nectar weight per single flower	花蜜总量/mg Total honey weight
露地栽培 Open field cultivation	06-19	36	0.222	8.000
	06-21	117	0.308	36.000
	06-29	148	0.297	44.000
设施栽培 Facility cultivation	04-26	41	1.756	72.000
	05-11	43	0.977	42.000
	05-19	23	0.957	22.000

Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 35

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

栽培模式 Cultivation	单朵花蜜量/mg Nectar weight per single flower	蔗糖/（mg · mL^-1） Sucrose	果糖/（mg · mL^-1） Fructose	葡萄糖/（mg · mL^-1） Glucose
露地栽培Open field cultivation	0.276	0.132 ± 0.007	0.066 ± 0.012	0.011 ± 0.001
设施栽培Facility cultivation	1.230^*	3.056 ± 0.056^*	0.374 ± 0.005^*	0.028 ± 0.004^*

[1]	ZHAO Jiaying, ZENG Zhouting, CEN Xinying, SHI Jiaoqi, LI Xiaoxian, SHEN Xiaoxia, YU Zhenming. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of CCO Gene Family in Dendrobium officinale During Flower Development [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2075-2088.
[2]	LIU Xinyue, ZHAI Zhaoci, TAO Jialin, FENG Kun, CAI Xiaoteng, LIU Zhiguo, LIU Mengjun. Effects of Different Defoliants on Defoliation and Nutrient Reflux of ‘Dongzao’Jujube [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2120-2130.
[3]	GUO Qunyan, LIU Caixian, YU Qiuxiu, ZHANG Hua, ZHENG Meiting. Studies on the Physiological Indexes and Endogenous Hormones Variation During Flower Development in Michelia crassipes [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1881-1890.
[4]	TIAN Ge, LIU Jianting, GAO Chuancai, ZHAO Xuehui, FAN Yongxin, LI Sen, ZHANG Hanxiao, CHEN Xiude, LI Ling, LI Dongmei. Effects of UV-B on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Greenhouse Nectarine Leaves [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1332-1344.
[5]	ZHAO Ruoyu, GUO Xiaoxue, ZHU Wenhui, LI Ruimei, ZHAO Jiaxue, DU Dan, DAI Li, LIU Zhiguo, WANG Lixin, LIU Mengjun. Induction and Cultivation of 77 Jujube Cultivars Pulp Callus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 903-914.
[6]	TANG Haixia, PEI Guangying, ZHANG Qiong, WANG Zhongtang. Location and Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci in Chinese Jujube Fruit [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(4): 754-764.
[7]	TIAN Mingkang, XU Zhixiang, LIU Xiuqun, SUI Shunzhao, LI Mingyang, LI Zhineng. Identification of the AP2 Subfamily Transcription Factors in Chimonanthus praecox and the Functional Study of CpAP2-L11 [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 382-396.
[8]	YANG Zhi, ZHANG Chuanjiang, YANG Xinfang, DONG Mengyi, WANG Zhenlei, YAN Fenfen, WU Cuiyun, WANG Jiurui, LIU Mengjun, LIN Minjuan. Analysis of Fruit Genetic Tendency and Mixed Inheritance in Hybrid Progeny of Jujube and Wild Jujube [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 36-52.
[9]	WANG Jianxin, and MA Tingjun. A New Jujube Cultivar‘Jiayou 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 55-56.
[10]	ZHANG Yuping, WU Yang, LU Dongye, YAO Yanwu, and PAN Qinghua. A New Jujube Cultivar‘Ping’an Huluzao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 57-58.
[11]	WANG Xiaoling, QIU Xiaojing, LIU Shuyi, LI Zhihui, LI Xumao, MAO Yongmin, and SHEN Lianying. A New Kernel Used Sour Jujube Cultivar‘Liyuan Zhenzhu 4’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 59-60.
[12]	WANG Xiaoling, QIU Xiaojing, LI Xumao, LIU Shuyi, LI Zhihui, MAO Yongmin, and SHEN Lianying. ‘Liyuan Zhenzhu 8’，A New Sour Jujube Cultivar [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 61-62.
[13]	WANG Xiaoling, QIU Xiaojing, LI Zhihui, LIU Shuyi, LI Xumao, MAO Yongmin, and SHEN Lianying. A New Sour Jujube Cultivar‘Liyuan Zhenzhu 10’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 63-64.
[14]	WANG Xiaoling, QIU Xiaojing, LI Zhihui, LIU Shuyi, LI Xumao, MAO Yongmin, and SHEN Lianying. A New Sour Jujube Cultivar‘Liyuan Zhenzhu 14’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S2): 65-66.
[15]	ZHOU Junyong, LU Lijuan, SUN Jun, MA Fuli, LIU Mao, ZHU Shufang, and SUN Qibao, . A New Mid-late Ripening Table Cultivar of Chinese Jujube‘Gaowangzao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S1): 35-36.