Diversity and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Botrytis cinerea in Ningxia

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0210

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 481-490.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0210

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Diversity and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Botrytis cinerea in Ningxia

LI Xiaoqing, YAN Siyuan, GU Peiwen^*()

College of Agriculture，Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China

Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-12-30 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-02-23
Contact: GU Peiwen

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the population phenotype，genotype diversity，and pathogenicity differences of Botrytis cinerea，the pathogen of grape gray mold in Ningxia，125 strains of B. cinerea were isolated and purified from diseased samples collected from six grape producing areas in Ningxia. By comparing the colony growth rate，spore production，and sclerotial characteristics of various strains，morphological classification was carried out. The population classification was clarified through Bc-hch sequence amplification and enzyme digestion polymorphism analysis. At the same time，Flipper and Boty specific primers were used to identify the transposon genotypes of different strains，and then the pathogenicity of different strains to‘Red Earth’grapes was determined. The results showed that 125 strains can be divided into two categories：hyphal type and fungal nuclear type. Among them，there are 94 hyphal type strains，accounting for 75.2%，including 6 sub phenotypes；There are 31 strains of sclerotic bacteria，accounting for 24.8%，including 5 sub phenotypes. All strains were identified as belonging to Group II through Bc-hch sequence amplification and enzyme digestion polymorphism analysis. The transposon genotypes included Transposa，Boty，and Flipper，with 99 strains of Transposa genotype，accounting for 79%；According to pathogenicity，it is divided into four levels：very strong，strong，moderate，and weak. The highest proportion is very strong，accounting for 37.6%.

Key words: grape, gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, diversity, pathogenicity

LI Xiaoqing, YAN Siyuan, GU Peiwen. Diversity and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Botrytis cinerea in Ningxia[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 481-490.

Figures/Tables 11

References 26

[1]	Ding Ting. 2017. Pathogenic differentiation of plant gray mold fungus and study on fungal viruses in strain JXstr36[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	丁亭. 2017. 植物灰霉病菌致病力分化及菌株JXstr36中真菌病毒的研究[博士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[2]	Diolez A, Marches F, Fortini D, Brygoo Y. 1995. Boty,a long terminal repeat retroelement in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61 (1):103-108. doi: 10.1128/aem.61.1.103-108.1995 pmid: 7887592
[3]	Fournier E, Levis C, Fortini D, Leroux P, Giraud T, Brygoo Y. 2003. Characterization of Bc-hch,the Botrytis cinerea homolog of the Neurospora crassahetc vegetative incompatibility locus,and its use as a popμlation maker. Mycologia,95:251-261.
[4]	Giraud T, Fortini D, Levis C, Lamarque C, Leroux P, LoBuglio K, Brygoo Y. 1999. Two sibling species of the Botrytis cinerea complex,transposa and vacuma,are found in sympatry on numerous host plants. Phytopathology, 89 (10):967-973. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.10.967 pmid: 18944743
[5]	Han Yanglin, Li Sisi, Yuan Wenbin, Liu Jiaxun, He Shuilian, Wu Hongzhi. 2021. Identification of pathogenicity and drug resistance of rose gray mold in Yunnan region. Southern Journal of Agriculture, 52 (9):2489-2497. (in Chinese)
	韩洋琳, 李思思, 袁文斌, 刘家讯, 贺水莲, 吴红芝. 2021. 云南地区月季灰霉病菌致病力及抗药性鉴定. 南方农业学报, 52 (9):2489-2497.
[6]	Huang Yan, Zhu Zhengdong, Duan Canxing, Wu Xiaofei, Dong Fangyang. 2014. Genetic diversity of gray grape spore fava bean isolates. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 47 (12):2335-2347. (in Chinese)
	黄燕, 朱振东, 段灿星, 武小菲, 东方阳. 2014. 灰葡萄孢蚕豆分离物的遗传多样性. 中国农业科学, 47 (12):2335-2347. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.12.006
[7]	Isaza L, Zuluaga Y P, Marulanda M L. 2019. Morphological,pathogenic and genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in blackberry cultivations in Colombia. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura,41:6.
[8]	Johnston P R, Hoksbergen K, Park D, Beever R E. 2014. Genetic diversity of Botrytis in New Zealand vineyards and the significance of its seasonal and regional variation. Plant Pathology, 63 (4):888-898.
[9]	Kumari S, Tayal P, Sharma E, Kapoor R. 2014. Analyses of genetic and pathogenic variability among Botrytis cinerea isolates. Microbiological Research, 169 (11):862-872.
[10]	Levis C, Fortini D, Brygoo Y. 1997. Flipper,a mobile Fot1-like transposable element in Botrytis cinerea. Molecular and General Genetics, 254 (6):674-680. pmid: 9202383
[11]	Li Na. 2016. Diversity of Botrytis cinerea in Protected Tomatoes/Strawberries in Hubei Province[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	李娜. 2016. 湖北省保护地番茄/草莓灰霉病菌多样性研究[博士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[12]	Li Xiling, Gao Zhimou, Li Yanmei, Qiu Yan, Liu Xiaoyan, Peng Mei. 2009. Studies on differentiation of pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea isolates from four hosts to strawberry. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 36 (9):1365-1369. (in Chinese)
	李喜玲, 高智谋, 李艳梅, 邱艳, 刘小燕, 彭梅. 2009. 四种寄主来源的灰葡萄孢对草莓的致病力分化研究初报. 园艺学报, 36 (9):1365-1369
[13]	Martinez F, Dubos B, Fermaud M. 2005. The role of saprotrophy and virulence in the population dynamics of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards. Phytopathology, 95 (6):692-700. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0692 pmid: 18943786
[14]	Notte A M, Plaza V, Marambio-Alvarado B, Olivares-Urbina L, Poblete-Morales M, Silva-Moreno E, Castillo L. 2021. Molecular identification and characterization of Botrytis cinerea associated to the endemic flora of semi-desert climate in Chile. Current Research in Microbial Sciences,2:100049.
[15]	Pei Y G, Tao Q J, Zheng X J, Li Y, Sun X F, Li Z F, Qi X B, Xu J, Zhang M, Chen H B, Chang X L. 2019. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Botrytis cinerea population from kiwifruit in Sichuan Province,China. Plant Disease, 103 (4):748-758.
[16]	Samuel S, Veloukas T, Papavasileiou A, Karaoglanidis G S. 2012. Differences in frequency of transposable elements presence in Botrytis cinerea populations from several hosts in Greece. Plant Disease, 96 (9):1286-1290.
[17]	Tanović B, Hrustić J, Mihajlović M, Grahovac M, Delibašić G. 2014. Morphological and molecular characterization. Pesticidii Fitomedicina, 29 (4):237-247.
[18]	Vercesi A, Toffolatti S L, Venturini G. 2014. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea populations associated with treated and untreated cv. Moscato vineyards. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 53 (1):108-123.
[19]	Wang R, Liu K, Chen B W, Ding W L, Li Y. 2022. Genetic and pathogenic variation of Botrytis cinerea,the causal agent of grey mould on Panax ginseng in China. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 44 (5):744-753.
[20]	Wang Zeqiong, Liu Yong, Wang Rongxin, Jiang Ting, Gong Linzhong, Sun Zhonghai, Lü Liang. 2022. Diversity analysis of Botrytis cinerea in the main grape producing areas of Hubei Province. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 53 (4):1049-1056. (in Chinese)
	王泽琼, 刘勇, 王榕馨, 姜婷, 龚林忠, 孙中海, 吕亮. 2022. 湖北省葡萄主产区灰葡萄孢菌多样性分析. 南方农业学报, 53 (4):1049-1056.
[21]	Xiao G L, Zhang Q H, Zeng X G, Chen X Y, Liu S J, Han Y C. 2022. Deciphering the molecular signatures associated with resistance to Botrytis cinerea in strawberry flower by comparative and dynamic transcriptome analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science,13:888939.
[22]	Zhang Chenghua. 2019. Functional study of genes related to melanin synthesis pathway in Botrytis cinerea[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Shanghai: East China Normal University. (in Chinese)
	张成花. 2019. 灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)黑色素合成途径相关基因功能研究[博士论文]. 上海: 华东师范大学.
[23]	Zhang Jia. 2016. Diversity of Botrytis cinerea in the main strawberry production areas of China[Ph. D. Dissertation]. Beijing: China Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	张佳. 2016. 中国草莓主产区灰霉病菌的多样性研究[博士论文]. 北京: 中国农业大学.
[24]	Zhang Y, Li X, Shen F, Xu H, Li Y, Liu D. 2018. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates from grape vineyards in China. Plant Disease, 102 (1):40-48.
[25]	Zhang Yanjie, Xv Huanping, Shen Fengying, Li Xinghong, Li Yaning, Liu Daqun. 2017. Morphological and pathogenic differentiation of grape gray mold fungi in China. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,(11):1740-1755. (in Chinese)
	张艳杰, 许换平, 沈凤英, 李兴红, 李亚宁, 刘大群. 2017. 我国葡萄灰霉病菌形态型和致病力分化. 农业生物技术学报,(11):1740-1755.
[26]	Zhou Mo, Lu Baohui, Liu Liping, Bai Qingrong, Gao Jie. 2020. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Botrytis cinerea population in ginseng. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 39 (3):45-53. (in Chinese)
	周默, 卢宝慧, 刘丽萍, 白庆荣, 高洁. 2020. 人参灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的种群表型和基因型多样性. 华中农业大学学报, 39 (3):45-53.

采样地 Sampling site	葡萄品种 Grape variety	菌株编号 Strain number	菌株数 Number of strains
石嘴山贺东庄园 Hedong Chateau，Shizuishan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah and Victoria	HM1 ~ HM21	21
贺兰志辉源石酒庄 Zhihui Yuanshi Chateau，Helan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和西拉 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Syrah	HM22 ~ HM45	24
银川森淼兰月谷酒庄 Senmiao Lan Yue Gu Chateau，Yinchuan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Red Earth and Victoria	HM46 ~ HM69	24
永宁立兰酒庄 Lilan Chateau，Yongning	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah，Red Earth and Victoria	HM70 ~ HM94	25
青铜峡西鸽酒庄 Xige Estate，Qingtongxia	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和红地球 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Red Earth	HM95 ~ HM113	19
红寺堡汇达酒庄 Huida Chateau，Hongsipu	赤霞珠和美乐 Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot	HM114 ~ HM125	12

采样地 Sampling site	葡萄品种 Grape variety	菌株编号 Strain number	菌株数 Number of strains
石嘴山贺东庄园 Hedong Chateau，Shizuishan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah and Victoria	HM1 ~ HM21	21
贺兰志辉源石酒庄 Zhihui Yuanshi Chateau，Helan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和西拉 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Syrah	HM22 ~ HM45	24
银川森淼兰月谷酒庄 Senmiao Lan Yue Gu Chateau，Yinchuan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Red Earth and Victoria	HM46 ~ HM69	24
永宁立兰酒庄 Lilan Chateau，Yongning	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah，Red Earth and Victoria	HM70 ~ HM94	25
青铜峡西鸽酒庄 Xige Estate，Qingtongxia	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和红地球 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Red Earth	HM95 ~ HM113	19
红寺堡汇达酒庄 Huida Chateau，Hongsipu	赤霞珠和美乐 Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot	HM114 ~ HM125	12

目的基因 Target gene	序列 Sequence	片段大小/bp Fragment size
Flipper	F：5′-GCACAAAACCTACAGAAGA-3′；R：5′-ATTCGTTTCTTGGACTGTA-3′	1 842
Boty	F：5′-CCCAATTTATTCAATGTCAGCC-3′；R：5′-GTCCGTCTCCACTATGATTTCTTT-3′	596
Bc-hch	F-262：5′-AAGCCCTTCGATGTCTTGGA-3′；R-520L：5′-ACGGATTCCGAACTAAGTAA-3′	1 171

目的基因 Target gene	序列 Sequence	片段大小/bp Fragment size
Flipper	F：5′-GCACAAAACCTACAGAAGA-3′；R：5′-ATTCGTTTCTTGGACTGTA-3′	1 842
Boty	F：5′-CCCAATTTATTCAATGTCAGCC-3′；R：5′-GTCCGTCTCCACTATGATTTCTTT-3′	596
Bc-hch	F-262：5′-AAGCCCTTCGATGTCTTGGA-3′；R-520L：5′-ACGGATTCCGAACTAAGTAA-3′	1 171

等级 Level	范围/（mm · d^-1） Range	菌株数 Number of isolates	占比/% Ratio
快Fast	15.01 ~ 20.57	26	20.8
中medium	10.01 ~ 15.00	76	60.8
慢slow	5.00 ~ 10.00	23	18.4

Diversity and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Botrytis cinerea in Ningxia

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 26

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

产孢量spore production				产菌核量sclerotium production
等级 Level	范围/（× 10⁹个 · mL^-1）Range	菌株数 Number of isolates	占比/% Ratio	等级 Level	范围/（个 · 皿^-1） Range	菌株数Number of isolates	占比/% Ratio
较少Less	0 ~ 5.21	122	97.6	较少Less	0 ~ 219	123	98.4
多More	5.21 ~ 5.94	3	2.4	多More	358 ~ 425	2	1.6

表型 Phenotype	亚表型 Subtyping	菌落表面特征 Colony surface decoration	孢子 Spore	菌核 Sclerotia	菌株数 Number of isolates	占比/% Ratio	实例（图1） Example（Fig.1）
菌丝型	M1	短Short	−	0	19	15.2	M1
Mycelial	M2	气生的Aerial	+	−	27	21.6	M2
type（M）	M3	菌丝簇Mycelial masses	±	−	26	20.8	M3
	M4	密集似羊毛Thick and woolly	−	−	6	4.8	M4
	M5	密集似羊毛Thick and woolly	+	−	7	5.6	M5
	M6	中间短边缘气生Middle short edge gas generation	+	−	9	7.2	M6
菌核型	S2	很短Rather short	±	较大且环形分布Large，placed irregularly	3	2.4	S2
Karyo type	S3	很短Rather short	±	较大无规则分布Large，placed irregularly	14	11.2	S3
（S）	S4	很短Rather short	−	小而多且分散Numerous small and scattered	8	6.4	S4
	S5	气生菌丝丰富	±	小而多且分散Numerous small and scattered	5	4.0	S5
	S6	很短Rather short	±	小而多且多聚集分布Numerous small and densely clustered distribution	1	0.8	S6

等级 Level	菌株数 Number of isolates	病斑面积范围/mm² Range of lesion area	百分率/% Ratio
很强 Very high	47	204.95 ~ 258.55	37.6
强 High	27	157.97 ~ 204.95	21.6
中等 Moderate	27	114.69 ~ 157.97	21.6
弱 Low	24	46.03 ~ 114.69	19.2

[1]	BI Qingrui, CUI Dongsheng, MA Xinyuan, XUE Yuran, ZHANG Shikui, FAN Guoquan, NIU Yingying. Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Local Pear Cultivars in Xinjiang [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 561-574.
[2]	LUO Sifang, YAN Xiang, XIE Lifang, SUN Jingxian, GUO Zijing, ZHANG Zuming, CHEN Zhaoxing. Development and Application of Insertion-Deletion（InDel）Markers in Gannan wild Fortunella hindsii Based on Whole Genome Re-sequencing Data [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 267-278.
[3]	ZHAO Yulei, LI Shan, LI Chengnan, MA Jinlong, MA Hongyi, YIN Xiao. Proteomics Studies on the Early Stages of Botrytis cinerea Infection in Grapevine Leaves [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 279-291.
[4]	QIAN Jingyang, LU Lili, LI Qin, TANG Yuhan, TAO Jun, ZHAO Daqiu. Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits for Chinese Herbaceous Peony Cultivar Resources [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 349-364.
[5]	ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Pingping, XIE Weijia, XU Feng, PENG Lüchun, SONG Jie, DU Guanghui, LI Shifeng. Genetic Diversity Analysis and SSR Fingerprint Construction of Evergreen Rhododendron Germplasms [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 380-394.
[6]	CHEN Yajuan, JIN Xin, YANG Jiangshan, DAI Zibo, LI Dou, SHAO Zhang. Effects of Fulvic Acid Potassium on Sugar-Acid Metabolism and Aroma Substances in‘Cabernet Gernischt’Grape Berries [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 406-422.
[7]	LI Min, LI Siyu, SHI Zihan, CHEN Shuang, XU Yan, LIU Guotian. Studies on the Efficiency of GRFs/GIFs for Genetic Transformation and Regeneration in Grapevine [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 51-65.
[8]	XIAO Xi’ou, NIE Heng, LIN Wenqiu, WU Caiyu. Development of Whole-Genome SNP Markers of Eggplant [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 88-100.
[9]	QIN Zilu, XU Zhengkang, DAI Xiaogang, CHEN Yingnan. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Collection Construction of Magnolia biondii Germplasm [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1823-1832.
[10]	YANG Jinghui, XU Yuan, XIAO Ting, CHU Shupin, LIU Jixiang, YAO Kebing. Resistance of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Species Complexes from Grape to Azoxystrobin [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1906-1912.
[11]	HAN Bin, LIU Changjiang, YIN Yonggang, SUN Yan, JIA Nan, ZHAO Shengjian, GUO Zijuan, LI Minmin. A New Medium and Late Ripening Table Grape Cultivar‘Jinguang’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1977-1978.
[12]	LIU Miaomiao, YAO Jin, BAO Min, CHU Yanyan, WANG Xiping. Research Progress on the Mechanism of GAs-Induced Seedlessness in Grape [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1610-1622.
[13]	ZHANG Wenjing, XU Dayong, WU Qianlin, YANG Fo, XIN Bingyue, ZENG Xin, LI Feng. Genome Analysis of Bacillus velezensis XDY66，an Antagonist of Tomato Botrytis cinerea [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1413-1425.
[14]	YUAN Na, XU Qinyuan, XU Zhaolong, ZHOU Ling, LIU Xiaoqing, CHEN Xin, DU Jianchang. The Development and Verification of SNP Lquid Chips for Common Bean Based on Targeted Sequencing Technology [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1017-1032.
[15]	MA Zonghuan, LI Yumei, WEI Xiaxia, LI Wenfang, CHEN Baihong, MAO Juan. Analysis of Quality and Aroma Components of‘Merlot’Grape from Different Areas in Hexi Corridor [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1083-1098.