An Investigation on Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Five Common Citrus Diseases in Yunnan

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0766

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2685-2700.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0766

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

An Investigation on Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Five Common Citrus Diseases in Yunnan

NIE Ruihan¹, SUN Manli¹, FENG Di¹, SONG Xietian¹, GAO Junyan², GUO Lina², DENG Xiuxin¹, CHAI Lijun¹, XIE Zongzhou¹, YE Junli¹^,^*()

¹ National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops，College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
² Integrated Lemon Experimental and Reseach Station of the Modern Citrus Industrial Technology System in China，Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Ruili，Yunnan 678600，China

Received:2024-04-19 Revised:2024-07-25 Online:2024-12-12 Published:2024-11-26
Contact: YE Junli

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the occurrence and distribution of citrus diseases caused by“Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”（CLas），citrus yellow vein clearing virus（CYVCV），citrus tatter leaf virus （CTLV），citrus exocortis viroid（CEVd）and citrus tristeza virus（CTV）in Yunnan Province. In this study，577 citrus leaf samples were collected from 38 counties of 14 major citrus producing states in Yunnan Province. The pathogens of the above five citrus diseases were detected by nested PCR and RT-PCR，phylogenetic tree was constructed by genetic evolution analysis. The analysis showed that the positive rates of CLas，CYVCV，CTLV，CEVd and CTV were 36.0%，33.6%，15.1%，13.0% and 82.0%，respectively. CLas and CTV occurred in all the detected cities. From the citrus species，sweet orange exhibited the highest detection rates of CYVCV，CLas and CTV，followed by mandarin and lemon. Notably，the detection rate of CTV in lemon（40.0%）was obviously lower than that in mandarin（87.4%）and sweet orange（92.2%）. While the detection rate of CTLV and CEVd in sweet orange was only 5.9% and 4.0%，respectively，and was lower than mandarin and lemon. Based on the correlation analysis，results revealed a negative correlation between CLas occurence and altitude. It was also found that the correlations of CYVCV and CTV，CTLV and CEVd occurs frequently，whereas the correlation of CLas and CEVd was rarely detected，suggesting correlations among citrus diseases. Through genetic evolution analysis，it was found that the introduction and internal spread of pathogens in Yunnan were both important ways for the spread of the pathogens.

Key words: citrus, Huanglong disease, virus disease, detection, distribution, spread

NIE Ruihan, SUN Manli, FENG Di, SONG Xietian, GAO Junyan, GUO Lina, DENG Xiuxin, CHAI Lijun, XIE Zongzhou, YE Junli. An Investigation on Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Five Common Citrus Diseases in Yunnan[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(11): 2685-2700.

Figures/Tables 10

References 40

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采样地点 Sampling location		样品 Sample		样品数 Number of samples	海拔/m Altitude	经纬度/° Latitude and longitude	引种地 Place of introduction
州、市 City	县 County	样品 Sample		样品数 Number of samples	海拔/m Altitude	经纬度/° Latitude and longitude	引种地 Place of introduction
保山 Baoshan	隆阳Longyang	沃柑，尤力克柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Eureka Lemon		15	608 ~ 690	98.84 ~ 98.88E，24.97 ~ 25.39N	—
保山 Baoshan	昌宁 Channing	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	797 ~ 1 267	99.36 ~ 99.45E，24.47 ~ 24.96N	—
楚雄 Chuxiong	永仁 Yongren	沃柑，椪柑，晚熟椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Late-maturing Ponkan		15	—	—	—
楚雄 Chuxiong	双柏 Shuangbai	晚熟绿柑，冰糖橙 Late-maturing Green Mandarin，Bingtangcheng		15	689 ~ 1 028	101.56 ~ 101.78E，24.23 ~ 24.29N	—
大理 Dali	宾川 Binchuan	沃柑，岩溪晚芦 Orah Mandarin，Yanxi Luwan		15	1 381 ~ 1 690	100.45 ~ 100.55E，25.72 ~ 25.98N	四川，云南Sichuan，Yunnan
	巍山 Weishan	尤力克柠檬，香水柠檬 Eureka Lemon，Perfume Lemon		15	1 316 ~ 1 689	99.96 ~ 100.28E，25.00 ~ 25.28N	四川，广东，云南 Sichuan，Guangdong，Yunnan
	鹤庆 Heqing	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 274 ~ 1 316	100.41 ~ 100.44E，26.20 ~ 26.26N	重庆，云南 Chongqing，Yunnan
	弥渡 Midu	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 627 ~ 1 701	100.46 ~ 100.58E，25.22 ~ 25.36N	四川，云南 Sichuan，Yunnan
	永平 Yongping	沃柑，柳叶橘，茂谷柑，尤力克柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Liuyeju Tangerine，Murcott，Eureka Lemon		15	1 314 ~ 1 404	99.35 ~ 99.38E，25.31 ~ 25.32N	云南 Yunnan
德宏 Dehong	芒市 Mangshi	香水柠檬 Perfume Lemon		15	110 ~ 930	98.02 ~ 98.99E，24.22 ~ 24.83N	—
德宏 Dehong	梁河 Lianghe	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		17	860 ~ 1 550	98.28 ~ 98.30E，24.80 ~ 24.83N	—
迪庆 Diqing	德钦 Deqin	皱皮柑 Zhoupigan Mandarin		5	1 627	99.35E，28.20N	—
红河 Honghe	建水 Jianshui	砂糖橘，沃柑，椪柑，芦柑，温州蜜柑 Shatangju，Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lugan，Satsuma Mandarin		25	1 359 ~ 1 517	101.93 ~ 103.02E，23.52 ~ 24.01N	—
昆明 Kunming	禄劝 Luquan	沃柑，纽荷尔脐橙，红橘 Orah Mandarin，Newhall Navel Orange，Red Tangerine		15	1 409 ~ 1 598	102.50 ~ 102.71E，25.50 ~ 26.23N	—
昆明 Kunming	东川 Dongchuan	香水柠檬，芦柑，纽荷尔脐橙 Perfume Lemon，Lugan，NewhallNavel Orange		15	1 041 ~ 1 512	103.15 ~ 103.39E，25.99 ~ 26.60N	中国台湾，广西，云南 Chinese Taiwan，Guangxi，Yunnan
丽江 Lijiang	永胜 Yongsheng	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		30	1 248 ~ 1 550	100.57 ~ 100.66E，26.24 ~ 26.74N	广东，广西，重庆 Guangdong，Guangxi，Chongqing
丽江 Lijiang	华坪 Huaping	沃柑，香橙，麻柑，椪柑，岩溪晚芦，柳叶橙 Orah Mandarin，Xiangcheng，Magan，Ponkan，Yanxi Wanlu，Liuyecheng Orange		15	1 539 ~ 1 682	101.16 ~ 101.27E，26.54 ~ 26.79N	—
临沧 Lincang	耿马 Gengma	—		5	—	—	—
	凤庆 Fengqing	砂糖橘，明日见，红橘，红美人，沃柑，春见，长叶香橙，香橙，椪柑 Shatangju，Asumi，Red Tangerine，Beni Madonna，Orah Mandarin，Harumi，Changye Xiangcheng，Xiangcheng，Ponkan		15	1 216 ~ 1 526	99.65 ~ 100.06E，24.41 ~ 24.94N	云南，广西 Yunnan，Guangxi
	云县 Yunxian	柳叶橘，椪柑，晚熟绿柑，贡柑，沃柑，砂糖橘，红美人 Liuyeju Tangerine，Ponkan，Late-maturing Green Mandarin，Gonggan，Orah Mandarin，Shatangju，Beni Madonna		15	1 098 ~ 1 263	100.10 ~ 100.18E，24.45 ~ 24.46N	云南，广西 Yunnan，Guangxi
普洱 Puer	景谷 Jinggu	沃柑，红心柚 Orah Mandarin，Red Pomelo		15	999 ~ 1 175	100.35 ~ 100.73E，23.41 ~ 23.68N	云南，广西，重庆 Yunnan，Guangxi，Chongqing
	墨江 Mojiang	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		15	750 ~ 1 588	101.43 ~ 101.52E，23.35 ~ 23.36N	—
	思茅 Simao	椪柑，绿柑，沃柑 Ponkan，Green Mandarin，Orah Mandarin		15	1 156 ~ 1 187	101.29E，22.54 ~ 22.59N	云南 Yunnan
曲靖 Qujing	师宗 Shizong	椪柑，云柠一号 Ponkan，Yunning 1 Lemon		15	836 ~ 1 210	104.14 ~ 104.34E，24.47 ~ 24.61N	—
曲靖 Qujing	罗平 Luoping	沃柑，椪柑，鲁布革柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lubuge Lemon		15	906 ~ 1 250	104.30 ~ 104.49E，24.68 ~ 25.12N	—
文山 Wenshan	西畴 Xichou	千金橘，沃柑，椪柑，芦柑Qianjinju，Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lugan		15	1 088 ~ 1 204	104.57 ~ 104.58E，23.26 ~ 23.30N	广西，云南 Guangxi，Yunnan
	砚山 Yanshan	红美人，沃柑，脆蜜金柑Beni Madonna，Orah Mandarin，Cuimi Kumquat		20	1 088 ~ 1 469	103.71 ~ 103.79E，23.69 ~ 23.81N	广西，云南 Guangxi，Yunnan
	文山 Wenshan	贡柑，沃柑 Gonggan，Orah Mandarin		15	1 098 ~ 1 485	103.90 ~ 104.04E，23.10 ~ 23.56N	浙江，重庆 Zhejiang，Chongqing
	麻栗坡 Malipo	砂糖橘，沃柑，三红蜜柚Shatangju，Orah Mandarin，Sanhong Miyou		25	669 ~ 1 019	104.87 ~ 105.20E，23.19 ~ 23.42N	福建，云南，广西 Fujian，Yunnan，Guangxi
	马关 Maguan	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 385 ~ 1 428	104.31 ~ 104.44E，22.98 ~ 23.04N	—
玉溪 Yuxi	新平 Xinping	沃柑，冰糖橙 Orah Mandarin，Bingtangcheng		15	725 ~ 1 400	101.69 ~ 101.85E，23.78 ~ 24.02N	—
	元江 Yuanjiang	—		15	—	—	—
	华宁 Huaning	兴津蜜柑，大浦蜜柑、宫本，金秋砂糖橘，冰糖橙Okitsu Wase Mandarin，Dapu Satsuma Mandarin，Miyamoto Wase，Jinqiu Shatangju，Bingtangcheng		15	1 106 ~ 1 202	103.01 ~ 103.12E，24.05 ~ 24.26N	重庆，云南 Chongqing，Yunnan
	易门 Yimen		大浦蜜柑，沃柑，金秋砂糖橘 Dapu Satsuma Mandarin，Orah Mandarin，Jinqiu Shatangju	15	1 262 ~ 1 525	102.05 ~ 102.18E，24.50 ~ 24.54N	重庆，湖北 Chongqing，Hubei
	澄江 Chengjiang		沃柑，冰糖橙 Orah Mandarin，Bingtangcheng	15	1 507 ~ 1 603	103.02 ~ 103.06E，24.55 ~ 24.73N	—
	峨山 Eshan		世纪红橘，兴津蜜柑，冰糖橙 Shiji Red Tangerine，Okitsu Wase Mandarin，Bingtangcheng	15	1 134 ~ 1 434	102.18 ~ 102.20E，24.12 ~ 24.27N	湖南，云南 Hunan，Yunnan
昭通 Zhaotong	盐津 Yanjin		—	11	—	—	—
昭通 Zhaotong	永善 Yongshan		沃柑，白橘 Orah Mandarin，White Tangerine	4	398 ~ 1 066	103.51 ~ 103.86E，28.00 ~ 28.27N	—

采样地点 Sampling location		样品 Sample		样品数 Number of samples	海拔/m Altitude	经纬度/° Latitude and longitude	引种地 Place of introduction
州、市 City	县 County	样品 Sample		样品数 Number of samples	海拔/m Altitude	经纬度/° Latitude and longitude	引种地 Place of introduction
保山 Baoshan	隆阳Longyang	沃柑，尤力克柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Eureka Lemon		15	608 ~ 690	98.84 ~ 98.88E，24.97 ~ 25.39N	—
保山 Baoshan	昌宁 Channing	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	797 ~ 1 267	99.36 ~ 99.45E，24.47 ~ 24.96N	—
楚雄 Chuxiong	永仁 Yongren	沃柑，椪柑，晚熟椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Late-maturing Ponkan		15	—	—	—
楚雄 Chuxiong	双柏 Shuangbai	晚熟绿柑，冰糖橙 Late-maturing Green Mandarin，Bingtangcheng		15	689 ~ 1 028	101.56 ~ 101.78E，24.23 ~ 24.29N	—
大理 Dali	宾川 Binchuan	沃柑，岩溪晚芦 Orah Mandarin，Yanxi Luwan		15	1 381 ~ 1 690	100.45 ~ 100.55E，25.72 ~ 25.98N	四川，云南Sichuan，Yunnan
	巍山 Weishan	尤力克柠檬，香水柠檬 Eureka Lemon，Perfume Lemon		15	1 316 ~ 1 689	99.96 ~ 100.28E，25.00 ~ 25.28N	四川，广东，云南 Sichuan，Guangdong，Yunnan
	鹤庆 Heqing	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 274 ~ 1 316	100.41 ~ 100.44E，26.20 ~ 26.26N	重庆，云南 Chongqing，Yunnan
	弥渡 Midu	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 627 ~ 1 701	100.46 ~ 100.58E，25.22 ~ 25.36N	四川，云南 Sichuan，Yunnan
	永平 Yongping	沃柑，柳叶橘，茂谷柑，尤力克柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Liuyeju Tangerine，Murcott，Eureka Lemon		15	1 314 ~ 1 404	99.35 ~ 99.38E，25.31 ~ 25.32N	云南 Yunnan
德宏 Dehong	芒市 Mangshi	香水柠檬 Perfume Lemon		15	110 ~ 930	98.02 ~ 98.99E，24.22 ~ 24.83N	—
德宏 Dehong	梁河 Lianghe	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		17	860 ~ 1 550	98.28 ~ 98.30E，24.80 ~ 24.83N	—
迪庆 Diqing	德钦 Deqin	皱皮柑 Zhoupigan Mandarin		5	1 627	99.35E，28.20N	—
红河 Honghe	建水 Jianshui	砂糖橘，沃柑，椪柑，芦柑，温州蜜柑 Shatangju，Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lugan，Satsuma Mandarin		25	1 359 ~ 1 517	101.93 ~ 103.02E，23.52 ~ 24.01N	—
昆明 Kunming	禄劝 Luquan	沃柑，纽荷尔脐橙，红橘 Orah Mandarin，Newhall Navel Orange，Red Tangerine		15	1 409 ~ 1 598	102.50 ~ 102.71E，25.50 ~ 26.23N	—
昆明 Kunming	东川 Dongchuan	香水柠檬，芦柑，纽荷尔脐橙 Perfume Lemon，Lugan，NewhallNavel Orange		15	1 041 ~ 1 512	103.15 ~ 103.39E，25.99 ~ 26.60N	中国台湾，广西，云南 Chinese Taiwan，Guangxi，Yunnan
丽江 Lijiang	永胜 Yongsheng	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		30	1 248 ~ 1 550	100.57 ~ 100.66E，26.24 ~ 26.74N	广东，广西，重庆 Guangdong，Guangxi，Chongqing
丽江 Lijiang	华坪 Huaping	沃柑，香橙，麻柑，椪柑，岩溪晚芦，柳叶橙 Orah Mandarin，Xiangcheng，Magan，Ponkan，Yanxi Wanlu，Liuyecheng Orange		15	1 539 ~ 1 682	101.16 ~ 101.27E，26.54 ~ 26.79N	—
临沧 Lincang	耿马 Gengma	—		5	—	—	—
	凤庆 Fengqing	砂糖橘，明日见，红橘，红美人，沃柑，春见，长叶香橙，香橙，椪柑 Shatangju，Asumi，Red Tangerine，Beni Madonna，Orah Mandarin，Harumi，Changye Xiangcheng，Xiangcheng，Ponkan		15	1 216 ~ 1 526	99.65 ~ 100.06E，24.41 ~ 24.94N	云南，广西 Yunnan，Guangxi
	云县 Yunxian	柳叶橘，椪柑，晚熟绿柑，贡柑，沃柑，砂糖橘，红美人 Liuyeju Tangerine，Ponkan，Late-maturing Green Mandarin，Gonggan，Orah Mandarin，Shatangju，Beni Madonna		15	1 098 ~ 1 263	100.10 ~ 100.18E，24.45 ~ 24.46N	云南，广西 Yunnan，Guangxi
普洱 Puer	景谷 Jinggu	沃柑，红心柚 Orah Mandarin，Red Pomelo		15	999 ~ 1 175	100.35 ~ 100.73E，23.41 ~ 23.68N	云南，广西，重庆 Yunnan，Guangxi，Chongqing
	墨江 Mojiang	沃柑 Orah Mandarin		15	750 ~ 1 588	101.43 ~ 101.52E，23.35 ~ 23.36N	—
	思茅 Simao	椪柑，绿柑，沃柑 Ponkan，Green Mandarin，Orah Mandarin		15	1 156 ~ 1 187	101.29E，22.54 ~ 22.59N	云南 Yunnan
曲靖 Qujing	师宗 Shizong	椪柑，云柠一号 Ponkan，Yunning 1 Lemon		15	836 ~ 1 210	104.14 ~ 104.34E，24.47 ~ 24.61N	—
曲靖 Qujing	罗平 Luoping	沃柑，椪柑，鲁布革柠檬 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lubuge Lemon		15	906 ~ 1 250	104.30 ~ 104.49E，24.68 ~ 25.12N	—
文山 Wenshan	西畴 Xichou	千金橘，沃柑，椪柑，芦柑Qianjinju，Orah Mandarin，Ponkan，Lugan		15	1 088 ~ 1 204	104.57 ~ 104.58E，23.26 ~ 23.30N	广西，云南 Guangxi，Yunnan
	砚山 Yanshan	红美人，沃柑，脆蜜金柑Beni Madonna，Orah Mandarin，Cuimi Kumquat		20	1 088 ~ 1 469	103.71 ~ 103.79E，23.69 ~ 23.81N	广西，云南 Guangxi，Yunnan
	文山 Wenshan	贡柑，沃柑 Gonggan，Orah Mandarin		15	1 098 ~ 1 485	103.90 ~ 104.04E，23.10 ~ 23.56N	浙江，重庆 Zhejiang，Chongqing
	麻栗坡 Malipo	砂糖橘，沃柑，三红蜜柚Shatangju，Orah Mandarin，Sanhong Miyou		25	669 ~ 1 019	104.87 ~ 105.20E，23.19 ~ 23.42N	福建，云南，广西 Fujian，Yunnan，Guangxi
	马关 Maguan	沃柑，椪柑 Orah Mandarin，Ponkan		15	1 385 ~ 1 428	104.31 ~ 104.44E，22.98 ~ 23.04N	—
玉溪 Yuxi	新平 Xinping	沃柑，冰糖橙 Orah Mandarin，Bingtangcheng		15	725 ~ 1 400	101.69 ~ 101.85E，23.78 ~ 24.02N	—
	元江 Yuanjiang	—		15	—	—	—
	华宁 Huaning	兴津蜜柑，大浦蜜柑、宫本，金秋砂糖橘，冰糖橙Okitsu Wase Mandarin，Dapu Satsuma Mandarin，Miyamoto Wase，Jinqiu Shatangju，Bingtangcheng		15	1 106 ~ 1 202	103.01 ~ 103.12E，24.05 ~ 24.26N	重庆，云南 Chongqing，Yunnan
	易门 Yimen		大浦蜜柑，沃柑，金秋砂糖橘 Dapu Satsuma Mandarin，Orah Mandarin，Jinqiu Shatangju	15	1 262 ~ 1 525	102.05 ~ 102.18E，24.50 ~ 24.54N	重庆，湖北 Chongqing，Hubei
	澄江 Chengjiang		沃柑，冰糖橙 Orah Mandarin，Bingtangcheng	15	1 507 ~ 1 603	103.02 ~ 103.06E，24.55 ~ 24.73N	—
	峨山 Eshan		世纪红橘，兴津蜜柑，冰糖橙 Shiji Red Tangerine，Okitsu Wase Mandarin，Bingtangcheng	15	1 134 ~ 1 434	102.18 ~ 102.20E，24.12 ~ 24.27N	湖南，云南 Hunan，Yunnan
昭通 Zhaotong	盐津 Yanjin		—	11	—	—	—
昭通 Zhaotong	永善 Yongshan		沃柑，白橘 Orah Mandarin，White Tangerine	4	398 ~ 1 066	103.51 ~ 103.86E，28.00 ~ 28.27N	—

病原 Pathogens	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	产物长度/bp The amplified product length	参考文献 Reference
CLas 一轮 First round of CLas	F：GCGCGTATGCAATACGAGCGGCA R：GCCTCGCGACTTCGCAACCCAT	60	1 169	雷平等,2020
CLas 二轮 Second round of CLas	F：RGGGAAAGATTTTATTGGAG R：GAAAATAYCATCTCTGATATCGT	58	750
CYVCV	F：TACCGCAGCTATCCATTTCC R：GCAGAAATCCCGAACCACTA	56	614	马志敏等,2021
CTLV	F：AGAGTGGACAAACTCTAGAC R：CCCTCTCAGCTAGAATTGAA	58	614	Magome et al.,1997；Osvaldo et al.,2003
CEVd	F：CCGGGGATCCCTGAAGGACTT R：GGAAACCTGGAGGAAGTCGAG	58	371	Gross et al.,1982
CTV	F：GGACAAACTTTNNTTTCTGTGAACCTTTC R：GATGAAGTGGTGTTCACGGAGAACTC	56	888	韩健,2008

病原 Pathogens	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	产物长度/bp The amplified product length	参考文献 Reference
CLas 一轮 First round of CLas	F：GCGCGTATGCAATACGAGCGGCA R：GCCTCGCGACTTCGCAACCCAT	60	1 169	雷平等,2020
CLas 二轮 Second round of CLas	F：RGGGAAAGATTTTATTGGAG R：GAAAATAYCATCTCTGATATCGT	58	750
CYVCV	F：TACCGCAGCTATCCATTTCC R：GCAGAAATCCCGAACCACTA	56	614	马志敏等,2021
CTLV	F：AGAGTGGACAAACTCTAGAC R：CCCTCTCAGCTAGAATTGAA	58	614	Magome et al.,1997；Osvaldo et al.,2003
CEVd	F：CCGGGGATCCCTGAAGGACTT R：GGAAACCTGGAGGAAGTCGAG	58	371	Gross et al.,1982
CTV	F：GGACAAACTTTNNTTTCTGTGAACCTTTC R：GATGAAGTGGTGTTCACGGAGAACTC	56	888	韩健,2008

品种 Species	样品数量 Number of samples	检出率/% Detection rate
品种 Species	样品数量 Number of samples	CLas	CYVCV	CTLV	CEVd	CTV	CTV强毒 Highly toxic of CTV
沃柑Orah Mandarin	200	37.0	33.0	15.0	20.0	83.0	78.5
椪柑Ponkan	46	34.8	32.6	19.6	10.9	95.6	93.5
晚熟椪柑Late-maturing Ponkan	1	0	100.0	0	0	100.0	100.0
绿柑Green Mandarin	5	20.0	0	40.0	0	100.0	100.0
晚熟绿柑Late-maturing Green Mandarin	6	66.7	83.3	33.3	16.7	100.0	100.0
芦柑Lugan	11	18.2	90.9	0	0	90.9	72.7
岩溪晚芦Yanxi Wanlu	6	0	0	0	0	100.0	100.0
麻柑Magan	1	0	0	0	0	100.0	100.0
茂谷柑Murcott	2	0	0	0	0	50.0	50.0
春见Harumi	1	0	100.0	100.0	0	100.0	100.0
贡柑Gonggan	9	33.3	77.8	11.1	0	100.0	100.0
温州蜜柑Satsuma Mandarin	5	0	40.0	0	0	80.0	60.0
柳叶橘Liuyeju Tangerine	5	20.0	0	40.0	20.0	100.0	100.0
砂糖橘Shatangju	12	58.3	58.3	8.3	0	75.0	66.7
金秋砂糖橘Jinqiu Shatangju	2	50.0	50.0	0	0	100.0	100.0
红橘Red Tangerine	5	60.0	40.0	0	0	80.0	60.0
大浦蜜柑Dapu Satsuma Mandarin	13	38.5	23.1	0	0	100.0	76.9
兴津蜜柑Okitsu Wase Mandarin	10	20.0	10.0	0	0	80.0	60.0
世纪红橘Shiji Red Tangerine	5	20.0	40.0	20.0	0	100.0	100.0
千金橘Qianjinju	7	100.0	28.6	0	0	100.0	28.6
白橘White Tangerine	2	50.0	0	0	0	100.0	100.0
宫本Miyamoto Wase	3	33.3	66.7	0	0	100.0	33.3
明日见Asumi	1	0	100.0	100.0	0	100.0	100.0
红美人Beni Madonna	8	37.5	12.5	75.0	12.5	100.0	100.0
皱皮柑Zhoupigan Mandarin	5	40.0	0	0	0	100.0	100.0
冰糖橙Bingtangcheng	34	47.1	64.7	8.8	2.9	85.3	82.4
柳叶橙Liuyecheng Orange	1	0	0	0	0	100.0	100.0
纽荷尔脐橙Newhall Navel Orange	14	28.6	71.4	0	0	71.4	71.4
香橙Xiangcheng	2	0	50.0	50.0	0	100.0	100.0
长叶香橙Changye Xiangcheng	1	0	100.0	0	0	100.0	100.0
香水柠檬Perfume Lemon	20	0	25.0	0	0	25.0	25.0
尤力克柠檬Eureka Lemon	25	12.0	12.0	20.0	56.0	48.0	20.0
鲁布革柠檬Lubuge Lemon	5	80.0	0	20.0	60.0	100.0	100.0
云柠一号Yuning 1 Lemon	10	50.0	10.0	0	0	10.0	0
红心柚Red Pomelo	5	0	0	40.0	0	100.0	0
三红蜜柚Sanhong Miyou	5	100.0	0	80.0	0	20.0	0
脆蜜金柑Cuimi Kumquat	10	100.0	0	0	0	70.0	70.0
未知品种Unknown species	74	36.5	29.7	20.3	12.2	91.9	63.5
总计Sum	577	36.0	33.6	15.1	13.0	82.0	71.1

An Investigation on Occurrence and Distribution Patterns of Five Common Citrus Diseases in Yunnan

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县 County	CLas	CYVCV	CTLV	CEVd	CTV
隆阳 Longyang	46.7	26.7	0	0	100.0
昌宁 Changning	46.6	33.3	20.0	26.7	100.0
永仁 Yongren	46.7	53.3	13.3	13.3	100.0
双柏 Shuangbai	93.3	100.0	13.3	6.7	100.0
宾川 Binchuan	6.7	26.7	20.0	20.0	80.0
巍山 Weishan	0	0	26.7	60.00	6.7
鹤庆 Heqing	33.3	0	80.0	46.7	93.3
弥渡 Midu	6.7	26.7	20.0	33.3	80.0
永平 Yongping	13.3	0	33.3	66.7	66.7
芒市 Mangshi	0	0	0	0	0
梁河 Lianghe	9.1	41.2	5.9	5.9	100.0
德钦 Deqin	40.0	0	0	0	100.0
建水 Jianshui	4.0	48.0	0	0	72.0
禄劝 Luquan	66.7	46.7	0	0	53.3
东川 Dongchuan	6.7	100.0	0	0	100.0
永胜 Yongsheng	13.3	20.0	3.3	33.3	26.7
华坪 Huaping	20.0	53.3	26.7	20.0	100.0
耿马 Gengma	100.0	20.0	0	0	100.0
凤庆 Fengqing	13.3	33.3	20.0	0	86.7
云县 Yunxian	0	26.7	33.3	13.3	100.0
景谷 Jinggu	53.3	20.0	13.3	0	100.0
墨江 Mojiang	40.0	0	0	0	100.0
思茅 Simao	33.3	0	13.3	0	100.0
师宗 Shizong	40.0	33.3	0	0	40.0
罗平 Luoping	53.3	6.7	6.7	26.7	100.0
西畴 Xichou	86.7	53.3	6.7	0	100.0
砚山 Yanshan	90.0	0	25.0	0	70.0
文山 Wenshan	60.0	93.3	6.7	0	86.7
麻栗坡 Malipo	100.0	16.0	32.0	0	72.0
马关 Maguan	40.0	100.0	20.0	40.0	93.3
新平 Xinping	6.7	80.0	0	0	73.3
元江 Yuanjiang	20.0	13.3	20.0	26.7	100.0
华宁 Huaning	6.7	53.3	6.7	6.7	86.7
易门 Yimen	46.7	20.0	0	0	100.0
澄江 Chengjiang	46.7	46.7	6.7	0	86.7
峨山 Eshan	53.3	13.3	13.3	0	93.3
盐津 Yanjin	18.2	36.4	81.8	27.3	100.0
永善 Yongshan	50.0	25.0	0	0	100.0

病原间 Between pathogens	χ²	df	P
CLas，CYVCV	0.14376	1	0.7045713
CLas，CTLV	1.688151	1	0.1938448
CLas，CEVd	11.29764	1	0.0007760561^***
CLas，CTV	1.533776	1	0.2155466
CYVCV，CTLV	1.67242	1	0.1959348
CYVCV，CEVd	1.868716	1	0.1716222
CYVCV，CTV	25.36161	1	4.75284 × 10^-7***
CTLV，CEVd	112.7414	1	2.458304 × 10^-26***
CTLV，CTV	4.088978	1	0.04316374^*
CEVd，CTV	4.357722	1	0.03684153^*

[1]	REN Siyuan, CHEN Sen, LONG Zhijian, WANG Boya, TANG Dengguo, WANG Zhengqian, YANG Bin, HU Shanglian, and CAO Ying, . Nitrogen Allocation Characteristics and Expression of Related Genes During Corm-Forming Stage of Amorphophallus konjac [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2019-2030.
[2]	DONG Liting, QU Rongrong, PANG Shuwei, MO Kaiqin, CHEN Shuang, SHANG Lanyue, and ZOU Xiuping. Expression Characteristics and Function Analysis of CsMEKK1-1 Gene in Response to Huanglongbing in Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2168-2182.
[3]	LIU Yu, ZHANG Min, TAN Jie, HUANG Shuping, ZHANG Hongyuan, WANG Benqi, WANG Junliang, CHEN Huilan, and CHEN Xia, . Progress in the Study of Glycosidealkaloids and Their Biological Activities in Solanaceae Vegetable [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2207-2218.
[4]	ZHANG Wenlong, WAN Runchu, ZHENG Ni, CHEN Yan, LAI Hengxin, YU Xin, QIAN Chun, and CAO Li, . ‘Yangguang 1’–a New Monoembryonic Sterile Line of Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 2221-2222.
[5]	LIU Chenglong, FAN Xudong, REN Fang, ZHANG Zunping, HU Guojun, and DONG Yafeng. Detection Methods of Apple Tree Viruses [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1580-1594.
[6]	DU Meixia, PANG Shuwei, DONG Liting, MO Kaiqin, HOU Mengyuan, WANG Shuai, and ZOU Xiuping. Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions Between Candidatus Liberibacter and Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(7): 1623-1638.
[7]	CAO Huixiang, LUO Xin, LIU Wanrong, GUAN Shuping, WANG Tingting, WU Xiaomeng, GUO Wenwu, XIE Kaidong. Evaluation of Fruit Segmental Membrane Development and Mastication in Two Citrus Triploids [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(6): 1179-1188.
[8]	ZHOU Huizhen, ZHANG Jia, HU Junhua, LI Baixue, CAO Li, YU Xin, WANG Fusheng, ZOU Xiuping, ZHOU Yan. The Role of BAG1 in the Infection of Citrus with Alternaria Brown Spot [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 956-970.
[9]	PENG Aihong, ZHANG Jingyun, CHEN Zhiyi, SU Juan, HE Yongrui, YAO Lixiao. Effects of Overexpression of CsEXPA8 on Growth and Canker Disease Resistance in‘Wanjincheng’Orange [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 971-981.
[10]	YOU Ping, YANG Jin, ZHOU Jun, HUANG Aijun, BAO Minli, and YI Long, . Genetic Diversity Analysis of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Based on Different Types of Prophage [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 727-736.
[11]	XIONG Zhiwei, LI Zhilong, YIN Hui, and GAO Yuxia, . Pan-Genome Analysis of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Causing Huanglongbing of Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 737-747.
[12]	YI Qian, ZHANG Manman, WANG Xiaoli, FENG Jipeng, ZHU Shiping, WANG Fusheng, ZHAO Xiaochun. CclSAUR49 Affects Growth and Limonoids Metabolism in Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 479-494.
[13]	SUN Quan, HE Zhengchen, YE Junli, WEI Ranran, YIN Yingzi, CHAI Lijun, XIE Zongzhou, XU Qiang, XU Juan, GUO Wenwu, CHENG Yunjiang, DENG Xiuxin. Storage with Climacteric Fruits Improves Color and Quality of Citrus Fruit [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 601-615.
[14]	SUN Yuchao, LI Shouhao, XIA Xiubo, YANG Wei, LI Minzan, ZHANG Huanchun. Detecting Tomato Fruit Ripeness and Appearance Quality Based on Improved YOLOv5s [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(2): 396-410.
[15]	WU Zhuoqun, CHEN Pengxu, CHEN Siyi, ZHANG Fuqiong, FANG Hong, ZHU Jian, XIE Zongzhou, LI Chunlong, LIU Jihong. Differences in Occurrence of Fruit Sunburn Between Satsuma Mandarin and Ponkan Tangerine and Possible Mechanisms [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2743-2757.