Isolation and Identification of a Lytic Bacteriophage Infecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0866

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 2349-2359.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0866

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Isolation and Identification of a Lytic Bacteriophage Infecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

XIAO Xiao, DING Liang, CONG Yu(), XU Xuling, QIAO Huan, HE Silong, XU Wenjian, XU Tianshun

Phagelux（Nanjing）Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211100, China

Received:2021-05-14 Revised:2021-09-17 Published:2022-01-04
Contact: CONG Yu E-mail:congy@phagelux.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Samples were first collected from nine regions in China. A total of 17 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri（Xac）strains were isolated and identified by single colony morphology,specific PCR primers and 16S rDNA sequencing step by step. Then,the standard Xac strain ACCC 03526 was selected as the host bacteria. One strain of Xac virulent phage named Xac-P9 was isolated from the sewage of Nanjing using a double-layered plating procedure. The morphological size of Xac-P9 was observed by transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The head of Xac-P9 had a diameter of about 58 nm,suggesting that it belongs to the Podoviridae,Caudovirales. The biological characteristics of Xac-P9,such as lysis spectrum,optimal multiplicity of infection（MOI）,one-step growth curve,thermal stability,pH stability,UV sensitivity and rate of bactericidal action,were determined. The lysis rate of Xac-P9 against 17 Xac strains of different origins was 100%. The highest phage titer was 6.6 × 10⁹ PFU · mL^-1 when the MOI was 0.001. The latency,burst time and burst size were 20 min,60 min and 132,respectively. Xac-P9 was tolerant at 40-60 ℃ and active in the pH range of 3 to 13. The tested phage was not sensitive to UV light;and Xac-P9 killed 90% of the host bacteria ACCC 03526 at 30 min and all host bacteria at 150 min.

Key words: citrus, citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, bacteriophage, isolation, identification, biological properties

CLC Number:

S666

XIAO Xiao, DING Liang, CONG Yu, XU Xuling, QIAO Huan, HE Silong, XU Wenjian, XU Tianshun. Isolation and Identification of a Lytic Bacteriophage Infecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2349-2359.

Figures/Tables 11

References 17

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采样时间 Sampling time		地理来源 Geographical origin		菌株编号 Strain No.	采集部位 Sampling organ	柑橘品种 Citrus variety
2017	10-24	广西Guangxi	武鸣Wuming	Xac-1	叶片Leaf	沃柑Orah
				Xac-2	果实Fruit	沃柑Orah
	10-26		崇左Chongzuo	Xac-3	叶片Leaf	茂谷柑Murcott
				Xac-4	果实Fruit	茂谷柑Murcott
	10-29		鹿寨Luzhai	Xac-5	叶片Leaf	马水橘Mashui orange
				Xac-6	果实Fruit	马水橘Mashui orange
	11-02		河池Hechi	Xac-7	叶片Leaf	砂糖橘Shatangju
				Xac-8	果实Fruit	砂糖橘Shatangju
2018	10-17	湖南Hunan	永州Yongzhou	Xac-9	叶片Leaf	椪柑Ponkan
				Xac-10	果实Fruit	椪柑Ponkan
	10-20		麻阳Mayang	Xac-11	叶片Leaf	纽荷尔Newhall
				Xac-12	果实Fruit	纽荷尔Newhall
	10-23		靖州Jingzhou	Xac-13	叶片Leaf	血橙Blood orange
				Xac-14	果实Fruit	血橙Blood orange
	10-28	浙江Zhejiang	苍南Cangnan	Xac-15	叶片Leaf	柚 Pomelo
		浙江Zhejiang		Xac-16	果实Fruit	柚 Pomelo
	11-02	江西Jiangxi	赣州Ganzhou	Xac-17	叶片Leaf	脐橙Navel orange

采样时间 Sampling time		地理来源 Geographical origin		菌株编号 Strain No.	采集部位 Sampling organ	柑橘品种 Citrus variety
2017	10-24	广西Guangxi	武鸣Wuming	Xac-1	叶片Leaf	沃柑Orah
				Xac-2	果实Fruit	沃柑Orah
	10-26		崇左Chongzuo	Xac-3	叶片Leaf	茂谷柑Murcott
				Xac-4	果实Fruit	茂谷柑Murcott
	10-29		鹿寨Luzhai	Xac-5	叶片Leaf	马水橘Mashui orange
				Xac-6	果实Fruit	马水橘Mashui orange
	11-02		河池Hechi	Xac-7	叶片Leaf	砂糖橘Shatangju
				Xac-8	果实Fruit	砂糖橘Shatangju
2018	10-17	湖南Hunan	永州Yongzhou	Xac-9	叶片Leaf	椪柑Ponkan
				Xac-10	果实Fruit	椪柑Ponkan
	10-20		麻阳Mayang	Xac-11	叶片Leaf	纽荷尔Newhall
				Xac-12	果实Fruit	纽荷尔Newhall
	10-23		靖州Jingzhou	Xac-13	叶片Leaf	血橙Blood orange
				Xac-14	果实Fruit	血橙Blood orange
	10-28	浙江Zhejiang	苍南Cangnan	Xac-15	叶片Leaf	柚 Pomelo
		浙江Zhejiang		Xac-16	果实Fruit	柚 Pomelo
	11-02	江西Jiangxi	赣州Ganzhou	Xac-17	叶片Leaf	脐橙Navel orange

菌株名称 Strain name	菌株编号 Strain No.	裂解结果 Lysis result
地毯草黄单胞菌柑橘致病变种 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri	Xac-1	+++
	Xac-2	+++
	Xac-3	+++
	Xac-4	+++
	Xac-5	+++
	Xac-6	+++
	Xac-7	+++
	Xac-8	+++
	Xac-9	+++
	Xac-10	+++
	Xac-11	+++
	Xac-12	+++
	Xac-13	+++
	Xac-14	+++
	Xac-15	+++
	Xac-16	+++
	Xac-17	+++
大肠埃希菌Escherichia coli	GIM 1.573	-
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	GIM 1.784	-
短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	GIM 1.801	-
苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis	GIM 1.150	-
棕色固氮菌Azotobacter vinelandii	GIM 1.802	-

菌株名称 Strain name	菌株编号 Strain No.	裂解结果 Lysis result
地毯草黄单胞菌柑橘致病变种 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri	Xac-1	+++
	Xac-2	+++
	Xac-3	+++
	Xac-4	+++
	Xac-5	+++
	Xac-6	+++
	Xac-7	+++
	Xac-8	+++
	Xac-9	+++
	Xac-10	+++
	Xac-11	+++
	Xac-12	+++
	Xac-13	+++
	Xac-14	+++
	Xac-15	+++
	Xac-16	+++
	Xac-17	+++
大肠埃希菌Escherichia coli	GIM 1.573	-
枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis	GIM 1.784	-
短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus	GIM 1.801	-
苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis	GIM 1.150	-
棕色固氮菌Azotobacter vinelandii	GIM 1.802	-

感染复数 MOI	Xac-P9 噬菌体数（PFU） Number of Xac-P9 phages	宿主菌数（CFU） Number of bacteria	Xac-P9效价（PFU · mL^-1） Titer of Xac-P9
1 000	1.0 × 10⁹	1.0 × 10⁶	1.2 × 10⁶
100	1.0 × 10⁸	1.0 × 10⁶	3.8 × 10⁶
10	1.0 × 10⁷	1.0 × 10⁶	1.2 × 10⁷
1	1.0 × 10⁶	1.0 × 10⁶	3.9 × 10⁸
0.1	1.0 × 10⁵	1.0 × 10⁶	4.5 × 10⁸
0.01	1.0 × 10⁴	1.0 × 10⁶	7.8 × 10⁸
0.001	1.0 × 10³	1.0 × 10⁶	6.6 × 10⁹
0.0001	1.0 × 10²	1.0 × 10⁶	4.1 × 10⁹

Isolation and Identification of a Lytic Bacteriophage Infecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

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