Abstract: The germplasm resources of red-fleshed kiwifruit in China were investigated，and the
genetic diversity and genetic relationship of red-fleshed kiwifruit germplasm were evaluated by fruit traits
and AFLP markers. Fifty-two wild accessions and two cultivars of red-fleshed kiwifruit germplasm
belonged to three Actinidia taxa（A. arguta，A. chinensis and A. deliciosa）were collected，which were
mainly distributed in Hunan，Hubei，Henan，Jiangxi，Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces. The collected
accessions have rich genetic variation in both fruit traits and AFLP markers. AFLP analysis using four
primer combinations gave a total of 259 polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic bands was
90.56%，Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.318，and Shannon’s index was 0.477. Genetic similarity based on
AFLP markers ranged from 0.568 to 0.883，with an average of 0.714. UPGMA cluster and Principal
coordinate analysis separated 54 accessions into four major groups. Accessions of red-fleshed kiwifruit in
A. arguta grouped together，accessions in A. chinensis and A. deliciosa had closely genetic relationship and
would be clustered preferentially related to their geographical origin. A significant though moderate
correlation was observed between AFLP and phenotypic data. Both AFLP markers and phenotypic traits
could be used to characterize red-fleshed kiwifruit germplasm，and would be valuable for germplasm
management and utilization.

Key words: red-fleshed kiwifruit, germplasm resources, fruit traits, AFLP, genetic diversity