Research Progress on Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1035

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 2936-2967.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1035

Research Progress on Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables

ZHAO Weiling¹, LAI Shangxiang¹^,², GAO Wenzheng², FANG Huihui¹, HUANG Yunshuai¹, LI Zhansheng²^,^**(), ZANG Yunxiang¹^,^**()

¹ College of Horticulture， Zhejiang A & F University，Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Quality Breeding， Hangzhou 311300， China
² Institute of Vegetables and Flowers， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding，Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Beijing 100081， China

Received:2026-01-29 Revised:2026-09-14 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-26
Contact: LI Zhansheng, ZANG Yunxiang

Abstract

Abstract:

Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing secondary metabolites specific to cruciferous plants，primarily classified into aliphatic，aromatic，and indolic types. Their biosynthesis begins with amino acid precursors，proceeds through core structure formation and side-chain modifications，and is regulated by transcription factors such as MYB and bHLH. Upon hydrolysis by myrosinase，GSLs yield biologically active compounds such as isothiocyanates and nitriles，which exhibit anticancer，antimicrobial，and insect-resistant properties. Hydrolysates of aliphatic GSLs（such as sulforaphane）have significant antioxidant and anticancer activities，while indole GSLs are more involved in plant defense and hormone regulation. This metabolic process is influenced by genetic background，environmental factors（e.g.，light， temperature），and plant hormones（e.g.，jasmonic acid，ethylene），etc. Recently，advances in gene editing， metabolic engineering，and artificial intelligence-assisted design have enabled precise modulation of glucosinolates’ content and composition，promoting their applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. This article systematically reviews the progress on GSLs metabolism，regulatory factors，metabolic engineering，industry development，which will provide reference for glucosinolate-related researches and its industrial application in the future.

Key words: cruciferous vegetables, glucosinolates, myrosinase, transcriptional regulation, metabolic engineering, sulforaphane, functional foods

CLC Number:

S 634

ZHAO Weiling, LAI Shangxiang, GAO Wenzheng, FANG Huihui, HUANG Yunshuai, LI Zhansheng, ZANG Yunxiang. Research Progress on Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(10): 2936-2967.

Figures/Tables 5

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硫苷类型 Type of glucosinolates	前体氨基酸 Precursor amino acid	类别 Group	中文名称 Chinese name	俗名 Trivial name	编号 No.	半系统命名 Semisystemic name
脂肪族	Met	C3	2-丙烯基硫苷	Sinigrin	107	2-Propenyl GSL
Aliphatic			3-(甲硫基)丙基硫苷	Glucoiberverin	95	3-(methylthio) propyl GSL
			3-(甲亚砜基)丙基硫苷	Glucoiberin	73	3-(methylsulfinyl) propyl GSL
		C4	4-(甲硫基)丁基硫苷	Glucoerucin	84	4-(methylthio) butyl GSL
			4-(甲硫基)-3-丁烯基硫苷	Glucoraphasatin	83	4-(methylthio)but3-enyl GSL
			4-(甲亚砜基)丁基硫苷	Glucoraphanin	64	4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl GSL
			4-(甲亚砜基)-3-丁烯基硫苷	Glucoraphenin	63	4-(methylsulfinyl) but-3-enyl GSL
			3-丁烯基硫苷	Gluconapin	12	3-butenyl GSL
			(R)-2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷	Progoitrin	24R	(R)-2-hydroxybut3-enyl GSL
			(S)-2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷	Epiprogoitrin	24S	(S)-2-hydroxybut3-enyl GSL
		C5	5-(甲硫基)戊基硫苷	Glucoberteroin	94	5-(methylthio) pentyl GSL
			5-(甲亚砜基)戊基硫苷	Glucoalyssin	72	5-(methylsulfinyl) pentyl GSL
			4-戊烯基硫苷	Glucobrassicanapin	101	4-pentenyl GSL
			2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫苷	Gluconapoleiferin	38S	2-hydroxypent-4enyl GSL
		C6-C10	6-(甲硫基)己基硫苷	Glucolesquerellin	88	6-(methylthio)hexyl GSL
			6-(甲亚砜基)己基硫苷	Glucohesperin	67	6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL
			7-(甲硫基)庚基硫苷		87	7-(methylthio)heptyl GSL
			7-(甲亚砜基)庚基硫苷	Glucoibarin	66	7-(methylsulfinyl)heptyl GSL
			8-(甲硫基)辛基硫苷		92	8-(methylthio)octyl GSL
			8-(甲亚砜基)辛基硫苷	Glucohirsutin	69	8-(methylsulfinyl)octyl GSL
			8-(甲砜基)辛基硫苷		80	8-(methylsulfonyl)octyl GSL
			9-(甲砜基)壬基硫苷		79	9-(methylsulfonyl)nonyl GSL
			10-(甲亚砜基)癸基硫苷	Glucocamelinin	65	10-(methylsulfinyl)decyl GSL
芳香族	Phe/Tyr		苄基硫苷	Glucotropaeolin	11	benzyl GSL
Aromatic			4-羟基苄基硫苷	Sinalbin	23	4-hydroxybenzyl GSL
			2-苯乙基硫苷	Gluconasturtiin	105	2-phenylethyl GSL
			2-羟基-2-苯乙基硫苷	Glucobarbarin	40	2-hydroxy-2phenylethyl GSL
吲哚族Indolic	Trp		3-吲哚甲基硫苷	Glucobrassicin	43	3-indolylmethyl GSL
			4-羟基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷	4-Hydroxygluco-brassicin	28	4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL
			1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷	Neoglucobrassicin	47	1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL
			4-甲氧基吲哚-3-基甲基硫苷	4-Methoxygluco-brassicin	48	4-methoxyindol3-ylmethyl GSL
脂肪族Aliphatic	Ile		1-甲基丙基硫苷	Glucocochlearin	61	1-methylpropyl GSL

硫苷类型 Type of glucosinolates	前体氨基酸 Precursor amino acid	类别 Group	中文名称 Chinese name	俗名 Trivial name	编号 No.	半系统命名 Semisystemic name
脂肪族	Met	C3	2-丙烯基硫苷	Sinigrin	107	2-Propenyl GSL
Aliphatic			3-(甲硫基)丙基硫苷	Glucoiberverin	95	3-(methylthio) propyl GSL
			3-(甲亚砜基)丙基硫苷	Glucoiberin	73	3-(methylsulfinyl) propyl GSL
		C4	4-(甲硫基)丁基硫苷	Glucoerucin	84	4-(methylthio) butyl GSL
			4-(甲硫基)-3-丁烯基硫苷	Glucoraphasatin	83	4-(methylthio)but3-enyl GSL
			4-(甲亚砜基)丁基硫苷	Glucoraphanin	64	4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl GSL
			4-(甲亚砜基)-3-丁烯基硫苷	Glucoraphenin	63	4-(methylsulfinyl) but-3-enyl GSL
			3-丁烯基硫苷	Gluconapin	12	3-butenyl GSL
			(R)-2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷	Progoitrin	24R	(R)-2-hydroxybut3-enyl GSL
			(S)-2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷	Epiprogoitrin	24S	(S)-2-hydroxybut3-enyl GSL
		C5	5-(甲硫基)戊基硫苷	Glucoberteroin	94	5-(methylthio) pentyl GSL
			5-(甲亚砜基)戊基硫苷	Glucoalyssin	72	5-(methylsulfinyl) pentyl GSL
			4-戊烯基硫苷	Glucobrassicanapin	101	4-pentenyl GSL
			2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫苷	Gluconapoleiferin	38S	2-hydroxypent-4enyl GSL
		C6-C10	6-(甲硫基)己基硫苷	Glucolesquerellin	88	6-(methylthio)hexyl GSL
			6-(甲亚砜基)己基硫苷	Glucohesperin	67	6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL
			7-(甲硫基)庚基硫苷		87	7-(methylthio)heptyl GSL
			7-(甲亚砜基)庚基硫苷	Glucoibarin	66	7-(methylsulfinyl)heptyl GSL
			8-(甲硫基)辛基硫苷		92	8-(methylthio)octyl GSL
			8-(甲亚砜基)辛基硫苷	Glucohirsutin	69	8-(methylsulfinyl)octyl GSL
			8-(甲砜基)辛基硫苷		80	8-(methylsulfonyl)octyl GSL
			9-(甲砜基)壬基硫苷		79	9-(methylsulfonyl)nonyl GSL
			10-(甲亚砜基)癸基硫苷	Glucocamelinin	65	10-(methylsulfinyl)decyl GSL
芳香族	Phe/Tyr		苄基硫苷	Glucotropaeolin	11	benzyl GSL
Aromatic			4-羟基苄基硫苷	Sinalbin	23	4-hydroxybenzyl GSL
			2-苯乙基硫苷	Gluconasturtiin	105	2-phenylethyl GSL
			2-羟基-2-苯乙基硫苷	Glucobarbarin	40	2-hydroxy-2phenylethyl GSL
吲哚族Indolic	Trp		3-吲哚甲基硫苷	Glucobrassicin	43	3-indolylmethyl GSL
			4-羟基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷	4-Hydroxygluco-brassicin	28	4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL
			1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷	Neoglucobrassicin	47	1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL
			4-甲氧基吲哚-3-基甲基硫苷	4-Methoxygluco-brassicin	48	4-methoxyindol3-ylmethyl GSL
脂肪族Aliphatic	Ile		1-甲基丙基硫苷	Glucocochlearin	61	1-methylpropyl GSL

Research Progress on Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables

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