Advances in the Biosynthetic Genes and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Floral Volatile Organic Compounds in Rosa hybrida

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0957

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 481-495.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0957

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Advances in the Biosynthetic Genes and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Floral Volatile Organic Compounds in Rosa hybrida

FU Qi¹^,³, SHANG Junzhong², PEI Wenwen¹, LIU Guoliang¹, JING Weikun¹, ZHANG Hao¹, JIAN Hongying¹, QIU Xianqin¹, TANG Kaixue¹, YAN Huijun¹^,^**()

¹ Flower Research Institute，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Kunming 650205，China
² Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
³ Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao，Shandong 266109，China

Received:2025-10-13 Revised:2025-12-09 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: YAN Huijun

Abstract

Abstract:

Rosa hybrida is one of the most economically valuable species of cut flowers，garden，and potted plants worldwide，with fragrance being a critical trait that enhances its ornamental value. However，during selecting cultivars focused on achieving flower color diversity and extending vase life，floral fragrance has gradually diminished or disappeared in rose. A wide range of scent compounds have been identified in rose germplasm resources，whose biosynthesis is regulated by genetic background，domestication history，and environmental factors. Gene family expansion，allelic diversity，and copy number variation are key determinants of the diversity of rose floral scent compounds. This review systematically summarizes the typical compounds，biosynthetic pathways，regulatory mechanisms，and evolutionary history of scent compounds in roses. Furthermore，the potential applications of integrating pan-genomics with gene editing technologies for directed breeding in roses were discussed. This review is expected to provide a theoretical framework for the targeted regulation of scent traits and the development of new roses cultivars with diverse fragrance profiles.

Key words: rose, floral scent, transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, evolutionary mechanism

FU Qi, SHANG Junzhong, PEI Wenwen, LIU Guoliang, JING Weikun, ZHANG Hao, JIAN Hongying, QIU Xianqin, TANG Kaixue, YAN Huijun. Advances in the Biosynthetic Genes and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Floral Volatile Organic Compounds in Rosa hybrida[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 481-495.

Figures/Tables 4

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分类 Classification	物种名 Species name	主要挥发性成分 Main volatile components	参考文献 Reference
中国古老月季 Chinese old garden roses	月月粉Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’	香叶醇、丁香酚、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、橙花叔醇 Geraniol，eugenol，TMB，nerolidol	晏慧君等,2017
	月月红 Rosa chinensis‘Yue Yue Hong’	3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、香茅醇 DMT，TMB，citronellol	王淑敏等,2006
	大花香水月季Rosa gigantea	3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、芳樟醇、香叶醇 DMT，linalool，geraniol	Zhou et al.,2024
野生蔷薇资源 Wild rose species	野蔷薇Rosa	苯乙醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、橙花醇、乙酸香叶酯、 1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、丁香酚、大根香叶烯、石竹烯 Phenylethanol，geraniol，citronellol，nerol，geranyl acetate，TMB，DMT，eugenol，germacrene，caryophyllene	Song et al.,2020； Feng et al.,2022；焦瑞芳,2022
现代月季 Modern roses	百叶蔷薇Rosa centifolia	2-苯乙醇、榄香醇、丁香酚、香叶酯 2-phenylethanol，elemol，eugenol，geranyl acetate	晏慧君等,2017
现代月季 Modern roses	红双喜Rosa hybrid‘Double Delight’	香叶醇、香茅醇、大根香叶烯D Geraniol，citronellol，germacrene D	Li et al.,2024
食用玫瑰 Edible roses	墨红Rosa chinensis‘Crimson Glory’	香茅醇、香叶醇、乙酸已酯、苯乙醇、月桂烯 Citronellol，geraniol，hexyl acetate，phenylethanol，myrcene	谢丽美,2023
食用玫瑰 Edible roses	滇红Rosa rugosa‘Dian Hong’	香茅醇、香叶醇、苯乙醇、芳樟醇 Citronellol，geraniol，phenylethanol，linalool	王珍珍等,2019

分类 Classification	物种名 Species name	主要挥发性成分 Main volatile components	参考文献 Reference
中国古老月季 Chinese old garden roses	月月粉Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’	香叶醇、丁香酚、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、橙花叔醇 Geraniol，eugenol，TMB，nerolidol	晏慧君等,2017
	月月红 Rosa chinensis‘Yue Yue Hong’	3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、香茅醇 DMT，TMB，citronellol	王淑敏等,2006
	大花香水月季Rosa gigantea	3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、芳樟醇、香叶醇 DMT，linalool，geraniol	Zhou et al.,2024
野生蔷薇资源 Wild rose species	野蔷薇Rosa	苯乙醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、橙花醇、乙酸香叶酯、 1,3,5-三甲氧基苯、3,5-二甲氧基甲苯、丁香酚、大根香叶烯、石竹烯 Phenylethanol，geraniol，citronellol，nerol，geranyl acetate，TMB，DMT，eugenol，germacrene，caryophyllene	Song et al.,2020； Feng et al.,2022；焦瑞芳,2022
现代月季 Modern roses	百叶蔷薇Rosa centifolia	2-苯乙醇、榄香醇、丁香酚、香叶酯 2-phenylethanol，elemol，eugenol，geranyl acetate	晏慧君等,2017
现代月季 Modern roses	红双喜Rosa hybrid‘Double Delight’	香叶醇、香茅醇、大根香叶烯D Geraniol，citronellol，germacrene D	Li et al.,2024
食用玫瑰 Edible roses	墨红Rosa chinensis‘Crimson Glory’	香茅醇、香叶醇、乙酸已酯、苯乙醇、月桂烯 Citronellol，geraniol，hexyl acetate，phenylethanol，myrcene	谢丽美,2023
食用玫瑰 Edible roses	滇红Rosa rugosa‘Dian Hong’	香茅醇、香叶醇、苯乙醇、芳樟醇 Citronellol，geraniol，phenylethanol，linalool	王珍珍等,2019

TPS 亚家族 Terpene synthase subfamilies	关键成员 Key members	定位 Localization	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
TPS-a	RhTPS30	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成δ-杜松烯 Catalyze FPP to produce δ-cadinene	Guterman et al.,2002；Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS26	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化GPP和FPP，主要生成β-石竹烯 Catalyze GPP and FPP to produce β-caryophyllene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS47	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成大根香叶烯D Catalyze FPP to produce germacrene D	Li et al., 2024
	RhTPS39	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化GPP生成β-月桂烯 Catalyzed GPP to produce β-myrcene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS32 RhTPS32S	质体 Plastid	催化FPP生成β-荜澄茄烯、β-榄香烯等倍半萜 Catalyze FPP to produceβ-cubebene，β-elemene	Li et al.,2024
TPS-b	RhTPS16	质体 Plastid	催化GPP生成β-罗勒烯 Catalyze GPP to produce β-ocimene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS18 RhTPS18L	质体 Plastid	催化FPP生成α-法尼烯 Catalyze FPP to produce α-farnesene	Li et al.,2024
TPS-g	RhTPS20	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成橙花叔醇 Catalyze FPP to produce nerolidol	Magnard et al.,2018； Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS21	质体 Plastid	催化GPP生成芳樟醇 Catalyze GPP to produce linalool	Magnard et al.,2018 Li et al.,2024

TPS 亚家族 Terpene synthase subfamilies	关键成员 Key members	定位 Localization	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
TPS-a	RhTPS30	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成δ-杜松烯 Catalyze FPP to produce δ-cadinene	Guterman et al.,2002；Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS26	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化GPP和FPP，主要生成β-石竹烯 Catalyze GPP and FPP to produce β-caryophyllene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS47	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成大根香叶烯D Catalyze FPP to produce germacrene D	Li et al., 2024
	RhTPS39	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化GPP生成β-月桂烯 Catalyzed GPP to produce β-myrcene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS32 RhTPS32S	质体 Plastid	催化FPP生成β-荜澄茄烯、β-榄香烯等倍半萜 Catalyze FPP to produceβ-cubebene，β-elemene	Li et al.,2024
TPS-b	RhTPS16	质体 Plastid	催化GPP生成β-罗勒烯 Catalyze GPP to produce β-ocimene	Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS18 RhTPS18L	质体 Plastid	催化FPP生成α-法尼烯 Catalyze FPP to produce α-farnesene	Li et al.,2024
TPS-g	RhTPS20	细胞质 Cytoplasm	催化FPP生成橙花叔醇 Catalyze FPP to produce nerolidol	Magnard et al.,2018； Li et al.,2024
	RhTPS21	质体 Plastid	催化GPP生成芳樟醇 Catalyze GPP to produce linalool	Magnard et al.,2018 Li et al.,2024

Advances in the Biosynthetic Genes and Evolutionary Mechanisms of Floral Volatile Organic Compounds in Rosa hybrida

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