Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Scent in Maxillaria tenuifolia

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0861

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 538-556.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0861

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Scent in Maxillaria tenuifolia

WEI Yonglu, YE Guangying, GAO Jie, JIN Jianpeng, LU Chuqiao, LI Jie, XIE Qie, GOU Yajun, ZHU Genfa(), YANG Fengxi()

Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization，Environmental Horticulture Research Institute，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangzhou 510640，China

Received:2025-09-15 Revised:2025-12-18 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-02-12

Abstract

Abstract:

This study systematically investigated the floral scent composition and metabolic characteristics of four floral organs（sepals，petals，lip，and column）in Maxillaria tenuifolia. Volatile organic compounds from each organ were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS），and transcriptome data were integrated to identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of key aroma constituents. The results revealed significant differences in the variety and relative content of scent compounds among the floral organs. Among the 31 aroma compounds identified in total，the sepals exhibited the highest diversity（30 compounds）and the highest total volatile content（96.55 μg · g^-1 FW）. Based on relative odor activity value（ROAV）analysis，δ-decalactone，massoia lactone，and δ-cadinene were determined as the main contributors to the characteristic aroma，imparting a distinctive scent profile blending coconut and herbal notes. Transcriptome analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes associated with floral scent biosynthesis were predominantly enriched in pathways such as terpenoid，phenylpropanoid，flavonoid，and fatty acid metabolism. By integrating metabolic and transcriptomic data，5 candidate regulatory genes（FAD，HMGR，MYB，TPS，WRKY）were further screened，which are likely to play key roles in the regulatory network of scent biosynthesis in M. tenuifolia.

Key words: Maxillaria tenuifolia, Orchidaceae, floral scent, transcriptional regulation, volatile compounds

WEI Yonglu, YE Guangying, GAO Jie, JIN Jianpeng, LU Chuqiao, LI Jie, XIE Qie, GOU Yajun, ZHU Genfa, YANG Fengxi. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Scent in Maxillaria tenuifolia[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 538-556.

Figures/Tables 15

References 54

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类别 Category	基因名称 Gene name	序列ID Sequence ID	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
结构基因 Structural gene	TPS	Mte34245	CTGCATCGTCAATCCTGTCA	CACTTAAGGACGGAGAGCAC
	HMGR	Mte37089	ATAAAGCTCCTCACCCCCTT	GTCGGAAGCCTGGACTTTAG
	FAD	Mte38831	ATCCTCCATTCCCTGGTTCA	TATAGATTGGGCCGTAGGGG
转录因子 Transcription factor	WRKY	Mte37746	CCCGAAGAGTGATGGTTCTG	TCCAGCTATAGCCGTCATCA
转录因子 Transcription factor	MYB	Mte39919	TTCACCAAAATGTACCGCCA	TGTCACAAATCTCCCCTCCT

类别 Category	基因名称 Gene name	序列ID Sequence ID	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer sequence	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer sequence
结构基因 Structural gene	TPS	Mte34245	CTGCATCGTCAATCCTGTCA	CACTTAAGGACGGAGAGCAC
	HMGR	Mte37089	ATAAAGCTCCTCACCCCCTT	GTCGGAAGCCTGGACTTTAG
	FAD	Mte38831	ATCCTCCATTCCCTGGTTCA	TATAGATTGGGCCGTAGGGG
转录因子 Transcription factor	WRKY	Mte37746	CCCGAAGAGTGATGGTTCTG	TCCAGCTATAGCCGTCATCA
转录因子 Transcription factor	MYB	Mte39919	TTCACCAAAATGTACCGCCA	TGTCACAAATCTCCCCTCCT

样本 Sample	萜类 Terpenoids	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	醇类 Alcohols	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
萼片 Sepal	33.92	16.84	12.43	10.69	5.01	6.3	7.71	7.11
花瓣 Petal	21.03	22.48	9.12	9.90	—	—	17.64	19.85
唇瓣 Lip	31.69	29.32	6.85	0.91	5.96	—	18.09	7.18
合蕊柱 Column	44.36	3.37	10.08	1.53	—	—	23.09	17.57

样本 Sample	萜类 Terpenoids	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	醇类 Alcohols	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
萼片 Sepal	33.92	16.84	12.43	10.69	5.01	6.3	7.71	7.11
花瓣 Petal	21.03	22.48	9.12	9.90	—	—	17.64	19.85
唇瓣 Lip	31.69	29.32	6.85	0.91	5.96	—	18.09	7.18
合蕊柱 Column	44.36	3.37	10.08	1.53	—	—	23.09	17.57

挥发性成分分类 Volatile component classification	组分 Component	萼片 Sepal	花瓣 Petal	唇瓣 Lip	合蕊柱 Column
萜类 Terpenoids	α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	0.08 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.02	—	—
	D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene	0.04 ± 0.01	—	—	—
	α-古巴烯 α-Copaene	2.79 ± 0.64	0.53 ± 0.08	1.18 ± 0.22	4.41 ± 0.92
	(E)-石竹烯 (E)-Caryophyllene	18.26 ± 1.44	5.53 ± 0.54	23.13 ± 0.45	21.76 ± 2.00
	δ-杜松烯 δ-Cadinene	1.42 ± 0.15	3.05 ± 0.15	3.16 ± 0.16	13.16 ± 1.8
	石竹烯氧化物 Caryophyllene oxide	0.60 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.05	1.66 ± 0.10	4.83 ± 0.4
	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	0.01 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.06
	月桂烯 Myrcene	0.1 ± 0.00	0.06 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	—
	长叶烯 Longifolene	0.07 ± 0.01	—	—	—
	α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol^*	4.22 ± 0.22	—	—	—
	西柏烯 Cembrene^*	6.32 ± 0.19	10.02 ± 0.65	2.45 ± 0.03	—
酯类 Esters	δ-癸内酯 δ-Decalactone	13.69 ± 0.8	21.71 ± 1.76	21.32 ± 1.19	—
	肉桂酸异丙酯Isopropyl 3-phenylpropenoate^*	0.92 ± 0.01	—	—	2.95 ± 0.13
	马索亚内酯 Massoia lactone^*	1.24 ± 0.1	—	1.69 ± 0.18	—
	戊酸甲酯 Methyl pentanoate^*	0.99 ± 0.12	0.77 ± 0.05	0.75 ± 0.08	0.42 ± 0.06
	香草酸甲酯 Methyl vanillate^*	—	—	5.56 ± 0.17	—
醛类 Aldehydes	壬醛 Nonanal	6.18 ± 0.71	3.91 ± 0.13	6.32 ± 0.18	9.03 ± 0.48
	香兰素 Vanillin^*	6.16 ± 1.07	5.04 ± 0.3	—	—
	(E)-2-庚烯醛 (E)-2-Heptenal^*	0.03 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.05
	2-辛烯醛 2-Octenal^*	0.06 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.03
醇类 Alcohols	香叶基香叶醇 Geranylgeraniol^*	5.08 ± 0.44	0.33 ± 0.04	—	—
	3-羟基-4-甲氧基苄醇 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol^*	4.82 ± 0.45	8.88 ± 0.65	—	—
	4-甲基-1-戊醇 4-Methyl-1-pentanol^*	0.63 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.04	0.8 ± 0.06	1.53 ± 0.04
	(E)-2-辛烯-1-醇 (E)-2-Octen-1-ol^*	0.1 ± 0.02	—	—	—
	1-辛醇 1-Octanol^*	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	—
酮类 Ketones	环十五烷酮 Cyclopentadecanone	5.01 ± 0.88	—	5.96 ± 0.41	—
酸类 Acids	壬酸 Nonanoic acid^*	4.93 ± 0.81	—	—	—
	神经酸 Neric acid^*	1.37 ± 0.12	—	—	—
烷烃类 Alkanes	角鲨烷 Squalane^*	7.71 ± 1.06	17.64 ± 0.56	18.09 ± 0.88	23.09 ± 0.13
其他 Others	4-甲基喹啉1-氧化物 4-Methylquinoline 1-oxide^*	6.95 ± 0.45	19.48 ± 1.08	6.91 ± 0.26	17.57 ± 1.47
	2-甲氧基苯酚 2-Methoxyphenol^*	0.16 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.01	—

Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Floral Scent in Maxillaria tenuifolia

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挥发性成分 Volatile component	ROAV				CAS号 CAS number	香味描述 Aroma description	香味类型 Odor type
挥发性成分 Volatile component	萼片 Sepal	花瓣 Petal	唇瓣 Lip	合蕊柱 Column	CAS号 CAS number	香味描述 Aroma description	香味类型 Odor type
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene					99-86-5	松木香、柑橘香 Piney，citrusy	木香型 Woody^1,2
D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene					5989-27-5	柑橘味 Citrusy	果香型 Fruity^2,3
α-古巴烯 α-Copaene					138874-68-7	木质香、辛辣香 Woody，spicy	木香型 Woody^1,2
(E)-石竹烯 (E)-Caryophyllene	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	13877-93-5	丁香味、胡椒香 Clove-like，peppery	香料型 Spicy^1,2
δ-杜松烯 δ-Cadinene	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	483-76-1	百里香、草本香 Thyme，Herbal	草药香型 Herbal^1,2
石竹烯氧化物 Caryophyllene oxide	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	17627-43-9	甜香、清新香、木质香 Sweet，fresh，woody	木香型 Woody^1,2
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene					80-56-8	松木香 Piney	木香型 Woody³
月桂烯 Myrcene	≥ 1	0.1 ~ 1.0	≥ 1		123-35-3	草本香、柑橘香 Herbal，citrusy	草药香型 Herbal¹
长叶烯 Longifolene					475-20-7	木质香 Woody	木香型 Woody¹
α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol					515-69-5	花香、甜香 Floral，sweet	花香型 Floral^1,2
西柏烯 Cembrene					1898-13-1	木质香 Woody	木香型 Woody⁴
δ-癸内酯 δ-Decalactone	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1		705-86-2	奶香、椰子香 Creamy，Coconut-like	奶香型 Creamy^1,2
肉桂酸异丙酯 Isopropyl 3- phenylpropenoate					7780-06-5	甜香、花香 Sweet，Floral	花香型 Floral^1,2
马索亚内酯 Massoia lactone	≥ 1		≥ 1		54814-64-1	椰香、甜香 Coconut-like，Sweet	果香型 Fruity¹
戊酸甲酯 Methyl pentanoate	≥1	0.1 ~ 1.0	0.1 ~ 1.0	0.1 ~ 1.0	624-24-8	果香、甜香 Fruity，Sweet	果香型 Fruity^1,2
香草酸甲酯 Methyl vanillate					3943-74-6	甜香、香草香 Sweet，vanilla-like	甜香型 Sweet^1,2
壬醛 Nonanal	≥ 1	0.1 ~ 1.0	≥ 1	≥ 1	124-19-6	柑橘香、脂肪香 Citrusy，waxy	果香型 Fruity^1,2
香兰素 Vanillin					121-33-5	甜香、香草香 Sweet，vanilla-like	甜香型 Sweet²
(E)-2-庚烯醛 (E)-2-Heptenal			0.1 ~ 1.0	0.1 ~ 1.0	18829-55-5	青草香、脂肪香 Green，fatty	清香型 Green^1,2
2-辛烯醛 2-Octenal	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1	2363-89-5	脂肪香、青草香 Fatty，green	清香型 Green^1,2
香叶基香叶醇 Geranylgeraniol					24034-73-9	花香、木质香 Floral，woody	花香型 Floral^1,2
3-羟基-4-甲氧基苄醇 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol					4383-06-6	甜香、香草香 Sweet，vanilla-like	甜香型 Sweet^1,4
4-甲基-1-戊醇 4-Methyl-1-pentanol					626-89-1	果香、甜香 Fruity，sweet	果香型 Fruity²
(E)-2-辛烯-1-醇 (E)-2-Octen-1-ol					18409-17-1	蘑菇香、青草香 Mushroom-like，green	清香型 Green¹
1-辛醇 1-Octanol	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1		111-87-5	脂肪香、柑橘香 Waxy，citrusy	果香型 Fruity^1,2
环十五烷酮 Cyclopentadecanone	≥ 1		≥ 1		502-72-7	麝香 Musky	麝香型 Musky^1,2
壬酸 Nonanoic acid	0.1 ~ 1.0				112-5-0	脂肪香、奶酪香 Fatty，cheesy	脂肪香型 Fatty¹
神经酸 Neric acid					4613-38-1	花香 Floral	花香型 Floral⁵
角鲨烷 Squalane					111-01-3	无味、滋润质感 Odorless， moisturizing texture	无味型 Odorless²
4-甲基喹啉1-氧化物 4-Methylquinoline 1-oxide					4053-40-1	焦香 Burnt	焦香型 Burnt^1,2
2-甲氧基苯酚 2-Methoxyphenol	≥ 1	≥ 1	≥ 1		1990-05-1	烟熏香、甜香 Smoky，sweet	烟熏香型 Smoky^1,2

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