Varietal Differences and Transcriptome Analyses of Low Potassium Tolerance in Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0874

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 110-130.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0874

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Varietal Differences and Transcriptome Analyses of Low Potassium Tolerance in Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars

YANG Kexin¹^,³, TANG Chaoyue¹^,², YANG Shuhua¹, JIA Ruidong¹, KOU Yaping¹, GE Hong¹^,^**(), ZHAO Xin¹^,^**()

¹ State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding， Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops（North China），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Institute of Vegetables and Flowers，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China
² Sanya National Academy of Southern propagation， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Sanya， Hainan 572024， China
³ China Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Kuancheng Manzu Autonomous County， Chengde， Hebei 067600， China

Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-26
Contact: GE Hong, ZHAO Xin

Abstract

Abstract:

The seedling phenotypes and nutrient indexes of four cut chrysanthemum cultivars with significantly different low potassium tolerance characteristics were determined，screened out the potassium utilization efficiency genotype‘Mangguo’and the potassium utilization inefficiency genotype‘Momoka’，and performed low potassium-treated transcriptome analyses on two cultivars. The results showed that‘Mangguo’had significantly higher relative total root length，relative stem diameter，and underground fresh weight compared to the other three cultivars，with the highest comprehensive index of low potassium tolerance. In contrast，‘Momoka’exhibited the lowest relative traits under low potassium treatment，and the aboveground phenotypes were more affected by low potassium stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that leaf differential genes were mostly up-regulated and root differential genes were mostly down-regulated in‘Mangguo’and‘Momoka’under low potassium treatment. According to KEGG analysis，the pathways uniquely enriched between the root groups of the two cultivars under low potassium stress included five pathways such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis，and four pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway-plant were uniquely enriched between the leaf groups. Seven potassium channel proteins and seven potassium transporter proteins were identified，of which four AKT genes showed significantly different expression patterns in‘Mangguo’and‘Momoka’. Differential expression of other genes related to nutrient transport，reactive oxygen species，and phytohormones in the two cultivars was also identified in this experiment. In summary，the low potassium tolerant cultivar‘Mangguo’can increase its resistance under low potassium treatment by regulating its own potassium channel activity as well as a cultivar of hormone syntheses and enzyme activities.

Key words: cut chrysanthemum, low potassium treatment, potassium utilization efficiency, potassium channel, transcriptome

YANG Kexin, TANG Chaoyue, YANG Shuhua, JIA Ruidong, KOU Yaping, GE Hong, ZHAO Xin. Varietal Differences and Transcriptome Analyses of Low Potassium Tolerance in Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 110-130.

Figures/Tables 15

References 69

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0.1 mmol · L^-1 K⁺		2.5 mmol · L^-1 K⁺
营养液成分 Nutrient solution composition	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	营养液成分 Nutrient solution composition	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration
Ca（NO₃）2 ∙ 4H₂O	945.000	Ca（NO₃）2 ∙ 4H₂O	945.000
KNO₃	10.000	KNO₃	253.000
NH₄⁺	236.000	NH₄⁺	140.000
NH₄H₂PO₄	115.000	NH₄H₂PO₄	120.000
MgSO₄	241.000	MgSO₄	241.000
H₃BO₃	6.200	H₃BO₃	6.200
CoCl₂∙ 5H₂O	0.025	CoCl₂∙ 5H₂O	0.025
CuSO₄∙ 5H₂O	0.025	CuSO₄∙ 5H₂O	0.025
FeNaEDTA	36.700	FeNaEDTA	36.700
MnSO₄∙ H₂O	16.900	MnSO₄∙ H₂O	16.900
Na₂MoO₄∙ 2H₂O	0.250	Na₂MoO₄∙ 2H₂O	0.250
KI	0.830	KI	0.830
ZnSO₄∙ 7H₂O	8.600	ZnSO₄∙ 7H₂O	8.600

0.1 mmol · L^-1 K⁺		2.5 mmol · L^-1 K⁺
营养液成分 Nutrient solution composition	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration	营养液成分 Nutrient solution composition	浓度/（mg · L^-1） Concentration
Ca（NO₃）2 ∙ 4H₂O	945.000	Ca（NO₃）2 ∙ 4H₂O	945.000
KNO₃	10.000	KNO₃	253.000
NH₄⁺	236.000	NH₄⁺	140.000
NH₄H₂PO₄	115.000	NH₄H₂PO₄	120.000
MgSO₄	241.000	MgSO₄	241.000
H₃BO₃	6.200	H₃BO₃	6.200
CoCl₂∙ 5H₂O	0.025	CoCl₂∙ 5H₂O	0.025
CuSO₄∙ 5H₂O	0.025	CuSO₄∙ 5H₂O	0.025
FeNaEDTA	36.700	FeNaEDTA	36.700
MnSO₄∙ H₂O	16.900	MnSO₄∙ H₂O	16.900
Na₂MoO₄∙ 2H₂O	0.250	Na₂MoO₄∙ 2H₂O	0.250
KI	0.830	KI	0.830
ZnSO₄∙ 7H₂O	8.600	ZnSO₄∙ 7H₂O	8.600

性状Trait	低钾胁迫敏感度不同品种 Varieties with different sensitivities to potassium deficiency stress
性状Trait	摩摩卡Momoka	紫妍Ziyan	凯文白Kaiwenbai	芒果Mangguo
相对株高Relative height	0.70 ± 0.012 b	0.83 ± 0.057 a	0.93 ± 0.030 a	0.88 ± 0.008 a
相对茎粗Relative stem diameter	0.86 ± 0.053 b	0.93 ± 0.021 a	0.93 ± 0.004 a	1.00 ± 0.090 a
相对总根长Relative root length	0.70 ± 0.084 a	0.70 ± 0.059 a	0.74 ± 0.019 a	0.85 ± 0.072 a
相对根平均直径Relative mean root diameter	0.65 ± 0.057 a	0.55 ± 0.012 a	0.58 ± 0.029 a	0.80 ± 0.004 a
相对地上鲜质量Relative aboveground fresh weight	0.54 ± 0.019 c	0.72 ± 0.142 b	0.86 ± 0.073 a	0.83 ± 0.007 ab
相对地下鲜质量Relative underground fresh weight	0.55 ± 0.057 b	0.47 ± 0.035 b	0.67 ± 0.029 b	1.12 ± 0.004 a
相对地上干质量Relative aboveground dry weight	0.69 ± 0.049 c	0.95 ± 0.181 b	1.16 ± 0.131 a	0.98 ± 0.020 b
相对地下干质量Relative underground dry weight	0.54 ± 0.054 c	0.75 ± 0.093 bc	0.80 ± 0.025 ab	0.92 ± 0.018 a

性状Trait	低钾胁迫敏感度不同品种 Varieties with different sensitivities to potassium deficiency stress
性状Trait	摩摩卡Momoka	紫妍Ziyan	凯文白Kaiwenbai	芒果Mangguo
相对株高Relative height	0.70 ± 0.012 b	0.83 ± 0.057 a	0.93 ± 0.030 a	0.88 ± 0.008 a
相对茎粗Relative stem diameter	0.86 ± 0.053 b	0.93 ± 0.021 a	0.93 ± 0.004 a	1.00 ± 0.090 a
相对总根长Relative root length	0.70 ± 0.084 a	0.70 ± 0.059 a	0.74 ± 0.019 a	0.85 ± 0.072 a
相对根平均直径Relative mean root diameter	0.65 ± 0.057 a	0.55 ± 0.012 a	0.58 ± 0.029 a	0.80 ± 0.004 a
相对地上鲜质量Relative aboveground fresh weight	0.54 ± 0.019 c	0.72 ± 0.142 b	0.86 ± 0.073 a	0.83 ± 0.007 ab
相对地下鲜质量Relative underground fresh weight	0.55 ± 0.057 b	0.47 ± 0.035 b	0.67 ± 0.029 b	1.12 ± 0.004 a
相对地上干质量Relative aboveground dry weight	0.69 ± 0.049 c	0.95 ± 0.181 b	1.16 ± 0.131 a	0.98 ± 0.020 b
相对地下干质量Relative underground dry weight	0.54 ± 0.054 c	0.75 ± 0.093 bc	0.80 ± 0.025 ab	0.92 ± 0.018 a

性状Trait	摩摩卡 Momoka	芒果 Mangguo
相对地上部钾含量Relative shoot potassium content	0.32 ± 0.01 b	0.41 ± 0 a
相对根部钾含量Relative root potassium content	8.05 ± 0.41 a	1.18 ± 0.01 b
相对地上部钾累积量Relative shoot potassium accumulation	0.22 ± 0.03 b	0.40 ± 0.01 a
相对根部钾累积量Relative root potassium accumulation	4.43 ± 1.26 a	1.08 ± 0.22 b
相对地上部钾素利用率Relative shoot potassium utilization rate	3.14 ± 0.12 a	2.44 ± 0.03 b
相对根部钾素利用率Relative root potassium utilization rate	0.12 ± 0.01 b	0.85 ± 0.01 a

Varietal Differences and Transcriptome Analyses of Low Potassium Tolerance in Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars

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编号 ID	差异倍数（log₂fc）Variance multiplier				描述 Description	标志 Symbol
编号 ID	M_HR vs. M_LR	A_HR vs. A_LR	M_HL vs. M_LL	A_HL vs. A_LL	描述 Description	标志 Symbol
Unigene0004899	3.20	2.32	-1.74	-	钾转运蛋白Potassium transporter	HAK5
Unigene0000573	1.11	1.34	-	-	钾通道，电压依赖性，EAG/ELK/ERG，瞬时受体电位通道 Potassium channel，voltage-dependent，EAG/ELK/ERG，Transient receptor potential channel	AKT1
Unigene0083644	-	-1.32	-	1.14	K⁺转运蛋白1 K⁺ transporter 1	AKT1
Unigene0089510	1.09	1.09	-	1.08	钾通道，电压依赖性，EAG/ELK/ERG，瞬时受体电位通道 Potassium channel，voltage-dependent，EAG/ELK/ERG，Transient receptor potential channel	AKT1
Unigene0029619	-9.60	-14.57	-1.46	4.54	蛋白激酶 Protein kinase	AKT3
Unigene0088233	-9.91	-12.02	-	-	蛋白激酶 Protein kinase	AKT1
Unigene0061927	4.61	2.72	-	-	钾离子转运蛋白HKT6 Cation transporter HKT6	HKT1
Unigene0067717	-1.05	-1.11	-	-	高亲和力 K⁺转运蛋白1 High-affinity K⁺transporter 1	HKT6
Unigene0069625	-	-	1.25	-	双孔钾通道5 Two-pore potassium channel 5	TPK5
Unigene0045437	1.24	-	-1.45	-	EF-手结构域对，钾通道结构域蛋白 EF-hand domain pair，Potassium channel domain protein	TPK1
Unigene0093310	1.57	-	-	-	硫胺素焦磷酸激酶3 Thiamine pyrophosphokinase 3	TPK1
Unigene0005531	-1.01	-1.74	-	-	谷胱甘肽调控的钾外流系统蛋白KefB Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system protein KefB	KEA2
Unigene0042129	-13.87	-7.89	-3.33	-3.33	钠钾氢离子反向转运蛋白 Na⁺/K⁺/H⁺ antiporter 9	NHX5
Unigene0080270	1.54	-	-	-	液泡钠氢共转运蛋白 Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter protein	NHX2
Unigene0043899	-13.22	-8.37	-	-	未命名的蛋白质产物 Unnamed protein product	CPA1

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