Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0494

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 496-512.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0494

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

ZHANG Peng, YE Xinru, LI Hualong, CHEN Yuyuan, SUN Ming^**(), TANG Yuchao^**()

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources，Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding，National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture，Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment，Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education，Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education，School of Landscape Architecture，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China

Received:2025-05-31 Revised:2025-12-05 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-02-12
Contact: SUN Ming, TANG Yuchao

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study，Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’was used as the material，and the headspace adsorption（HSA）method combined with automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography- mass spectrometry（ATD-GC-MS）was utilized to analyze the floral fragrance of‘Lixiang’flowers at bud stage，half-open stage，and peak flowering stage at 14：00，as well as at peak flowering stage at 6：00 and 22：00. The principal component analysis（PCA），hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA）and partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）were employed to construct a discriminant model for the volatile organic compounds（VOCs）and to identify differential VOCs. Finally，the relative odor activity value（ROAV）was calculated to analyze the aroma characteristics. A total of 86 VOCs were detected across different flowering stages and time points，with 39 common to all. At 14：00 during the peak flowering stage，both the highest number of VOC types（68）and the highest emission rate（4 032.57 ng · g^-1 · h^-1）were observed. The 86 VOCs were classified into 4 categories，terpenes exhibited both the highest number and emission levels of VOCs at all sampling points，α-pinene was the most abundant VOC in the fragrance of‘Lixiang’. Using VIP scores and P values，a total of 24 differential volatiles were screened. ROAV analysis identified 4 key characteristic aroma components，ethyl isobutyrate provided the highest odor contribution value，imparting a characteristic fruity fragrance to‘Lixiang’flowers，α-pinene，propyl 2-methylpropanoate and (Z)-β-ocimene imparted resin/pine-like，fruity and terpene fragrance characteristics，respectively.

Key words: Chrysanthemum × morifolium, volatile organic compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, partial least squares discriminant analysis, relative odor activity value

ZHANG Peng, YE Xinru, LI Hualong, CHEN Yuyuan, SUN Ming, TANG Yuchao. Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 496-512.

Figures/Tables 8

References 46

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挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	RI			挥发物含量/（ng · g^-1 · h^-1）Volatile content（Mean ± SE）
		RI			14：00			6：00	22：00
		参考 Refe rence		计算 Calcula-ted	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage		盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes
葑烯 Fenchene	514-14-7	899	905		—	1.74 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.43	0.33 ± 0.02		—
冰片烯 Bornylene	464-17-5	908	915		6.15 ± 3.15	47.91 ± 17.82	9.14 ± 6.46	2.17 ± 0.15		1.37 ± 0.14
三环萜 Tricyclene	508-32-7	926	923		4.09 ± 1.22	137.06 ± 62.85	110.09 ± 18.15	5.86 ± 0.75		8.46 ± 0.96
α-侧柏烯 α-Thujene	2867-05-2	927	927		11.30 ± 3.68	90.48 ± 67.52	106.40 ± 25.29	13.72 ± 3.83		15.81 ± 1.18
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	939	939		242.90 ± 44.32	1 080.62 ± 141.17	1 297.67 ± 334.26	444.52 ± 68.96		461.22 ± 53.18
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	952	951		44.79 ± 9.75	230.72 ± 74.34	246.62 ± 34.63	67.80 ± 5.43		74.86 ± 9.91
脱氢桧烯 Dehydrosabinene	36262-09-6	955	954		0.70 ± 0.18	3.20 ± 0.74	3.26 ± 0.64	1.41 ± 0.17		1.91 ± 0.29
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	973	973		7.43 ± 0.89	47.97 ± 18.44	97.70 ± 20.63	13.38 ± 3.03		10.94 ± 2.64
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	977	977		7.39 ± 1.75	40.50 ± 15.00	50.38 ± 3.78	10.40 ± 1.57		9.57 ± 2.10
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	989	989		2.73 ± 0.35	12.19 ± 3.46	39.55 ± 11.97	3.96 ± 0.95		4.09 ± 0.65
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	1 006	1 006		0.93 ± 0.27	15.08 ± 10.38	6.41 ± 0.64	1.10 ± 0.18		1.25 ± 0.17
4-蒈烯 4-Carene	29050-33-7	1 011	1 009		—	—	—	0.46 ± 0.07		—
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	1 017	1 017		1.50 ± 0.44	8.30 ± 2.77	18.31 ± 3.90	1.45 ± 0.42		1.16 ± 0.27
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	1 031	1 030		22.65 ± 4.13	74.57 ± 17.6	110.03 ± 13.28	19.55 ± 2.87		37.71 ± 5.75
β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	555-10-2	1 031	1 031		—	—	14.89 ± 2.71	—		—
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	1 033	1 033		0.85 ± 0.21	2.59 ± 0.28	10.78 ± 3.96	0.79 ± 0.18		2.32 ± 1.01
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	1 034	1 036		2.16 ± 0.57	12.77 ± 4.54	15.41 ± 1.81	2.70 ± 0.31		3.43 ± 0.51
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	1 047	1 047		—	—	1.19 ± 0.52	—		—
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	1 059	1 059		2.91 ± 0.62	14.64 ± 4.04	44.19 ± 16.82	3.48 ± 0.86		3.74 ± 0.99
4-侧柏醇 4-Thujanol	546-79-2	1 070	1 070		2.43 ± 1.46	6.74 ± 2.32	36.44 ± 1.75	2.23 ± 0.90		7.90 ± 6.80
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	586-62-9	1 086	1 086		1.21 ± 0.37	7.42 ± 2.77	9.90 ± 1.87	1.16 ± 0.28		1.18 ± 0.21
Filifolone	4613-37-0	1 109	1 100		8.23 ± 3.42	21.60 ± 6.37	139.28 ± 9.59	8.49 ± 2.72		13.06 ± 8.25
反式-菊醇 trans-Chrysanthenol	38043-83-3	1 114	1 114		—	—	28.44 ± 13.35	—		4.83 ± 1.51
(+)-菊油环酮 (+)-Chrysanthenone	473-06-3	1 121	1 121		2.81 ± 1.32	7.25 ± 3.09	52.55 ± 2.30	2.65 ± 0.88		6.60 ± 5.55
龙脑烯醛 α-Campholenal	4501-58-0	1 127	1 127		—	2.13 ± 0.84	14.81 ± 5.24	—		—
别罗勒烯 Alloocimene	3016-19-1	1 140	1 129		0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.91	2.81 ± 0.93	0.62 ± 0.10		0.56 ± 0.03
(-)-反式-松香芹醇(-)-trans-Pinocarveol	547-61-5	1 142	1 142		—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.02		—
D-樟脑 D-Camphor	464-49-3	1 141	1 147		19.26 ± 12.48	51.98 ± 22.27	305.95 ± 10.77	21.36 ± 8.23		43.42 ± 38.83
香芹蒎酮 Pinocarvone	30460-92-5	1 164	1 163		1.07 ± 0.44	2.78 ± 0.47	9.45 ± 3.33	1.43 ± 0.33		3.27 ± 2.47
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	1 172	1 172		0.99 ± 0.52	2.03 ± 0.55	8.30 ± 2.80	1.25 ± 0.14		—
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	1 181	1 181		—	—	0.88 ± 0.42	—		—
马苄烯酮 Verbenone	80-57-9	1 191	1 189		1.00 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 1.29	25.62 ± 2.12	0.93 ± 0.38		—
桃金娘烯醛 Myrtenal	564-94-3	1 195	1 195		-	1.57 ± 0.12	0.68 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.13		3.27 ± 2.20
马鞭草烯酮 Levoverbenone	1196-01-6	1 204	1 208		0.65 ± 0.15	2.59 ± 0.15	6.88 ± 2.25	1.29 ± 0.35		3.32 ± 2.48
(E)-乙酸菊烯酯 (E)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	50764-55-1	1 239	1 231		-	1.20 ± 0.45	61.62 ± 12.55	1.07 ± 0.14		1.53 ± 0.79
(E)-罗勒烯酮 (E)-Ocimenone	33746-72-4	1 239	1 238		1.59 ± 0.90	4.33 ± 2.18	36.38 ± 3.09	1.54 ± 0.54		4.45 ± 3.83
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	1 245	1 244		—	—	0.57 ± 0.30	—		—
(Z)-乙酸菊烯酯 (Z)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	67999-48-8	1 253	1 257		—	1.63 ± 0.68	8.94 ± 0.18	1.30 ± 0.15		—
异胡椒酮 Isopiperitenone	529-01-1	1 271	1 269		2.36 ± 1.54	6.92 ± 3.27	45.51 ± 21.82	2.59 ± 0.92		—
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	1 285	1 285		2.19 ± 1.85	4.56 ± 1.79	22.18 ± 0.27	2.69 ± 1.30		—
胡椒烯酮 Piperitenone	491-09-8	1 342	1 339		—	—	8.30 ± 2.62	—		—
长叶烯 Longifolene	475-20-7	1 414	1 413		0.35 ± 0.02	—	0.92 ± 0.19	—		0.83 ± 0.08
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1 421	1 423		—	—	—	0.71 ± 0.11		—
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	762	764		44.35 ± 12.11	133.29 ± 47.09	218.63 ± 36.57	23.58 ± 5.95		63.82 ± 19.38
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	857	859		7.68 ± 7.39	—	—	0.44 ± 0.03		0.81 ± 0.05
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	867	868		1.79 ± 0.29	—	4.44 ± 0.02	1.56 ± 0.19		2.88 ± 0.12
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	961	961		0.62 ± 0.12	1.36 ± 0.24	1.50 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.14		1.15 ± 0.21
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	993	993		—	—	0.64 ± 0.24	—		—
2-甲基-3-苯基-1- 丙烯 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-propene	3290-53-7	1 014	1 008		—	1.52 ± 0.44	—	—		—
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	1 024	1 024		3.74 ± 1.01	19.35 ± 6.76	38.28 ± 9.02	4.90 ± 0.76		4.71 ± 0.97
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	1 065	1 065		0.40 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.08	1.55 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.00		0.72 ± 0.09
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1 090	1 090		1.34 ± 0.39	7.77 ± 2.76	7.34 ± 1.63	1.82 ± 0.20		1.94 ± 0.52
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	1 185	1 185		0.44 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.53	0.27 ± 0.03		0.59 ± 0.04
5-甲基-2-（丙-1- 烯-2-基）苯酚 8,9-Dehydrothymol	18612-99-2	1 221	1 215		0.66 ± 0.33	1.69 ± 0.58	15.96 ± 1.82	0.65 ± 0.06		—
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	676	685		—	—	—	—		1.95 ± 0.23
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	695	696		11.71 ± 2.05	25.42 ± 6.40	16.42 ± 4.16	7.60 ± 2.48		17.60 ± 3.88
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	700	702		—	—	—	—		2.44 ± 0.13
乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate	109-60-4	714	714		0.46 ± 0.09	—	—	—		0.80 ± 0.06
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	720	722		—	—	—	—		1.74 ± 0.11
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	734	735		1.44 ± 0.09	—	—	—		—
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	756	756		1.58 ± 0.33	4.70 ± 1.56	7.69 ± 3.59	0.85 ± 0.21		2.86 ± 0.41
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	770	773		2.34 ± 0.32	—	—	1.22 ± 0.12		—
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	776	775		—	3.32 ± 1.36	3.13 ± 0.43	—		1.46 ± 0.34
碳酸二乙酯 Diethyl carbonate	105-58-8	768	785		2.73 ± 0.71	2.99 ± 1.45	13.81 ± 2.33	—		—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	789	792		35.12 ± 14.98	110.51 ± 44.41	177.42 ± 52.44	20.24 ± 2.37		52.85 ± 16.38
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	801	801		0.57 ± 0.12	3.50 ± 0.17	10.12 ± 3.94	0.51 ± 0.01		1.11 ± 0.17
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	807	810		—	1.19 ± 0.03	—	—		—
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	848	848		28.36 ± 16.02	66.50 ± 27.45	133.22 ± 58.34	9.36 ± 0.77		14.62 ± 2.04
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	844	855		15.25 ± 8.06	57.06 ± 25.05	95.50 ± 30.26	7.13 ± 0.50		10.05 ± 0.95
2-甲基戊酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylpentanoate	2177-77-7	867	867		—	3.01 ± 0.11	—	—		—
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	876	877		3.34 ± 0.46	—	—	1.02 ± 0.09		—
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	897	897		1.56 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.03	1.64 ± 0.17	—		—
2-甲基丁酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylbutanoate	37064-20-3	943	946		24.34 ± 3.10	146.34 ± 7.94	236.40 ± 41.65	28.35 ± 4.75		32.05 ± 7.74
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	958	956		0.44 ± 0.04	—	—	—		—
2-乙基己酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylhexanoate	2177-81-3	969	963		—	0.77 ± 0.06	2.57 ± 0.80	0.45 ± 0.01		—
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	1 000	1 001		—	—	0.52 ± 0.20	—		—
2-甲基丁酸异丁酯 Iso-butyl-2-methylbutyrate	2445-67-2	1 002	1 002		—	1.39 ± 0.24	0.64 ± 0.13	—		—
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	1 003	1 003		0.46 ± 0.06	—	0.72 ± 0.15	—		0.75 ± 0.17
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	1 056	1 056		1.09 ± 0.08	—	—	0.47 ± 0.07		—
2-甲基丁酸-2-甲基丁酯 2-Methylbutyl-2- methylbutyrate	2445-78-5	1 103	1 102		0.94 ± 0.53	2.53 ± 0.89	13.97 ± 0.49	1.03 ± 0.33		—
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	1 104	1 104		0.69 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	-	0.86 ± 0.16		2.40 ± 1.26
2-甲基十一烷 2-Methylundecane	7045-71-8	1 165	1 165		0.30 ± 0.04	—	1.41 ± 0.14	—		0.47 ± 0.02
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	1 200	1 200		—	—	0.67 ± 0.15	—		0.46 ± 0.01
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	1 205	1 205		0.50 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.07	12.93 ± 6.28	0.54 ± 0.07		1.05 ± 0.01
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	1 400	1 401		1.03 ± 0.34	1.74 ± 0.47	—	—		0.62 ± 0.17
杂环类 Heterocyclics
苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	95-16-9	1 226	1 226		0.72 ± 0.16	0.98 ± 0.18	3.45 ± 0.93	0.38 ± 0.07		1.31 ± 0.21

挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	RI			挥发物含量/（ng · g^-1 · h^-1）Volatile content（Mean ± SE）
		RI			14：00			6：00	22：00
		参考 Refe rence		计算 Calcula-ted	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage		盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes
葑烯 Fenchene	514-14-7	899	905		—	1.74 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.43	0.33 ± 0.02		—
冰片烯 Bornylene	464-17-5	908	915		6.15 ± 3.15	47.91 ± 17.82	9.14 ± 6.46	2.17 ± 0.15		1.37 ± 0.14
三环萜 Tricyclene	508-32-7	926	923		4.09 ± 1.22	137.06 ± 62.85	110.09 ± 18.15	5.86 ± 0.75		8.46 ± 0.96
α-侧柏烯 α-Thujene	2867-05-2	927	927		11.30 ± 3.68	90.48 ± 67.52	106.40 ± 25.29	13.72 ± 3.83		15.81 ± 1.18
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	939	939		242.90 ± 44.32	1 080.62 ± 141.17	1 297.67 ± 334.26	444.52 ± 68.96		461.22 ± 53.18
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	952	951		44.79 ± 9.75	230.72 ± 74.34	246.62 ± 34.63	67.80 ± 5.43		74.86 ± 9.91
脱氢桧烯 Dehydrosabinene	36262-09-6	955	954		0.70 ± 0.18	3.20 ± 0.74	3.26 ± 0.64	1.41 ± 0.17		1.91 ± 0.29
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	973	973		7.43 ± 0.89	47.97 ± 18.44	97.70 ± 20.63	13.38 ± 3.03		10.94 ± 2.64
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	977	977		7.39 ± 1.75	40.50 ± 15.00	50.38 ± 3.78	10.40 ± 1.57		9.57 ± 2.10
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	989	989		2.73 ± 0.35	12.19 ± 3.46	39.55 ± 11.97	3.96 ± 0.95		4.09 ± 0.65
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	1 006	1 006		0.93 ± 0.27	15.08 ± 10.38	6.41 ± 0.64	1.10 ± 0.18		1.25 ± 0.17
4-蒈烯 4-Carene	29050-33-7	1 011	1 009		—	—	—	0.46 ± 0.07		—
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	1 017	1 017		1.50 ± 0.44	8.30 ± 2.77	18.31 ± 3.90	1.45 ± 0.42		1.16 ± 0.27
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	1 031	1 030		22.65 ± 4.13	74.57 ± 17.6	110.03 ± 13.28	19.55 ± 2.87		37.71 ± 5.75
β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	555-10-2	1 031	1 031		—	—	14.89 ± 2.71	—		—
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	1 033	1 033		0.85 ± 0.21	2.59 ± 0.28	10.78 ± 3.96	0.79 ± 0.18		2.32 ± 1.01
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	1 034	1 036		2.16 ± 0.57	12.77 ± 4.54	15.41 ± 1.81	2.70 ± 0.31		3.43 ± 0.51
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	1 047	1 047		—	—	1.19 ± 0.52	—		—
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	1 059	1 059		2.91 ± 0.62	14.64 ± 4.04	44.19 ± 16.82	3.48 ± 0.86		3.74 ± 0.99
4-侧柏醇 4-Thujanol	546-79-2	1 070	1 070		2.43 ± 1.46	6.74 ± 2.32	36.44 ± 1.75	2.23 ± 0.90		7.90 ± 6.80
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	586-62-9	1 086	1 086		1.21 ± 0.37	7.42 ± 2.77	9.90 ± 1.87	1.16 ± 0.28		1.18 ± 0.21
Filifolone	4613-37-0	1 109	1 100		8.23 ± 3.42	21.60 ± 6.37	139.28 ± 9.59	8.49 ± 2.72		13.06 ± 8.25
反式-菊醇 trans-Chrysanthenol	38043-83-3	1 114	1 114		—	—	28.44 ± 13.35	—		4.83 ± 1.51
(+)-菊油环酮 (+)-Chrysanthenone	473-06-3	1 121	1 121		2.81 ± 1.32	7.25 ± 3.09	52.55 ± 2.30	2.65 ± 0.88		6.60 ± 5.55
龙脑烯醛 α-Campholenal	4501-58-0	1 127	1 127		—	2.13 ± 0.84	14.81 ± 5.24	—		—
别罗勒烯 Alloocimene	3016-19-1	1 140	1 129		0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.91	2.81 ± 0.93	0.62 ± 0.10		0.56 ± 0.03
(-)-反式-松香芹醇(-)-trans-Pinocarveol	547-61-5	1 142	1 142		—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.02		—
D-樟脑 D-Camphor	464-49-3	1 141	1 147		19.26 ± 12.48	51.98 ± 22.27	305.95 ± 10.77	21.36 ± 8.23		43.42 ± 38.83
香芹蒎酮 Pinocarvone	30460-92-5	1 164	1 163		1.07 ± 0.44	2.78 ± 0.47	9.45 ± 3.33	1.43 ± 0.33		3.27 ± 2.47
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	1 172	1 172		0.99 ± 0.52	2.03 ± 0.55	8.30 ± 2.80	1.25 ± 0.14		—
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	1 181	1 181		—	—	0.88 ± 0.42	—		—
马苄烯酮 Verbenone	80-57-9	1 191	1 189		1.00 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 1.29	25.62 ± 2.12	0.93 ± 0.38		—
桃金娘烯醛 Myrtenal	564-94-3	1 195	1 195		-	1.57 ± 0.12	0.68 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.13		3.27 ± 2.20
马鞭草烯酮 Levoverbenone	1196-01-6	1 204	1 208		0.65 ± 0.15	2.59 ± 0.15	6.88 ± 2.25	1.29 ± 0.35		3.32 ± 2.48
(E)-乙酸菊烯酯 (E)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	50764-55-1	1 239	1 231		-	1.20 ± 0.45	61.62 ± 12.55	1.07 ± 0.14		1.53 ± 0.79
(E)-罗勒烯酮 (E)-Ocimenone	33746-72-4	1 239	1 238		1.59 ± 0.90	4.33 ± 2.18	36.38 ± 3.09	1.54 ± 0.54		4.45 ± 3.83
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	1 245	1 244		—	—	0.57 ± 0.30	—		—
(Z)-乙酸菊烯酯 (Z)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	67999-48-8	1 253	1 257		—	1.63 ± 0.68	8.94 ± 0.18	1.30 ± 0.15		—
异胡椒酮 Isopiperitenone	529-01-1	1 271	1 269		2.36 ± 1.54	6.92 ± 3.27	45.51 ± 21.82	2.59 ± 0.92		—
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	1 285	1 285		2.19 ± 1.85	4.56 ± 1.79	22.18 ± 0.27	2.69 ± 1.30		—
胡椒烯酮 Piperitenone	491-09-8	1 342	1 339		—	—	8.30 ± 2.62	—		—
长叶烯 Longifolene	475-20-7	1 414	1 413		0.35 ± 0.02	—	0.92 ± 0.19	—		0.83 ± 0.08
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1 421	1 423		—	—	—	0.71 ± 0.11		—
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	762	764		44.35 ± 12.11	133.29 ± 47.09	218.63 ± 36.57	23.58 ± 5.95		63.82 ± 19.38
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	857	859		7.68 ± 7.39	—	—	0.44 ± 0.03		0.81 ± 0.05
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	867	868		1.79 ± 0.29	—	4.44 ± 0.02	1.56 ± 0.19		2.88 ± 0.12
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	961	961		0.62 ± 0.12	1.36 ± 0.24	1.50 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.14		1.15 ± 0.21
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	993	993		—	—	0.64 ± 0.24	—		—
2-甲基-3-苯基-1- 丙烯 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-propene	3290-53-7	1 014	1 008		—	1.52 ± 0.44	—	—		—
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	1 024	1 024		3.74 ± 1.01	19.35 ± 6.76	38.28 ± 9.02	4.90 ± 0.76		4.71 ± 0.97
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	1 065	1 065		0.40 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.08	1.55 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.00		0.72 ± 0.09
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1 090	1 090		1.34 ± 0.39	7.77 ± 2.76	7.34 ± 1.63	1.82 ± 0.20		1.94 ± 0.52
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	1 185	1 185		0.44 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.53	0.27 ± 0.03		0.59 ± 0.04
5-甲基-2-（丙-1- 烯-2-基）苯酚 8,9-Dehydrothymol	18612-99-2	1 221	1 215		0.66 ± 0.33	1.69 ± 0.58	15.96 ± 1.82	0.65 ± 0.06		—
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	676	685		—	—	—	—		1.95 ± 0.23
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	695	696		11.71 ± 2.05	25.42 ± 6.40	16.42 ± 4.16	7.60 ± 2.48		17.60 ± 3.88
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	700	702		—	—	—	—		2.44 ± 0.13
乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate	109-60-4	714	714		0.46 ± 0.09	—	—	—		0.80 ± 0.06
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	720	722		—	—	—	—		1.74 ± 0.11
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	734	735		1.44 ± 0.09	—	—	—		—
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	756	756		1.58 ± 0.33	4.70 ± 1.56	7.69 ± 3.59	0.85 ± 0.21		2.86 ± 0.41
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	770	773		2.34 ± 0.32	—	—	1.22 ± 0.12		—
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	776	775		—	3.32 ± 1.36	3.13 ± 0.43	—		1.46 ± 0.34
碳酸二乙酯 Diethyl carbonate	105-58-8	768	785		2.73 ± 0.71	2.99 ± 1.45	13.81 ± 2.33	—		—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	789	792		35.12 ± 14.98	110.51 ± 44.41	177.42 ± 52.44	20.24 ± 2.37		52.85 ± 16.38
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	801	801		0.57 ± 0.12	3.50 ± 0.17	10.12 ± 3.94	0.51 ± 0.01		1.11 ± 0.17
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	807	810		—	1.19 ± 0.03	—	—		—
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	848	848		28.36 ± 16.02	66.50 ± 27.45	133.22 ± 58.34	9.36 ± 0.77		14.62 ± 2.04
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	844	855		15.25 ± 8.06	57.06 ± 25.05	95.50 ± 30.26	7.13 ± 0.50		10.05 ± 0.95
2-甲基戊酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylpentanoate	2177-77-7	867	867		—	3.01 ± 0.11	—	—		—
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	876	877		3.34 ± 0.46	—	—	1.02 ± 0.09		—
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	897	897		1.56 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.03	1.64 ± 0.17	—		—
2-甲基丁酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylbutanoate	37064-20-3	943	946		24.34 ± 3.10	146.34 ± 7.94	236.40 ± 41.65	28.35 ± 4.75		32.05 ± 7.74
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	958	956		0.44 ± 0.04	—	—	—		—
2-乙基己酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylhexanoate	2177-81-3	969	963		—	0.77 ± 0.06	2.57 ± 0.80	0.45 ± 0.01		—
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	1 000	1 001		—	—	0.52 ± 0.20	—		—
2-甲基丁酸异丁酯 Iso-butyl-2-methylbutyrate	2445-67-2	1 002	1 002		—	1.39 ± 0.24	0.64 ± 0.13	—		—
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	1 003	1 003		0.46 ± 0.06	—	0.72 ± 0.15	—		0.75 ± 0.17
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	1 056	1 056		1.09 ± 0.08	—	—	0.47 ± 0.07		—
2-甲基丁酸-2-甲基丁酯 2-Methylbutyl-2- methylbutyrate	2445-78-5	1 103	1 102		0.94 ± 0.53	2.53 ± 0.89	13.97 ± 0.49	1.03 ± 0.33		—
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	1 104	1 104		0.69 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	-	0.86 ± 0.16		2.40 ± 1.26
2-甲基十一烷 2-Methylundecane	7045-71-8	1 165	1 165		0.30 ± 0.04	—	1.41 ± 0.14	—		0.47 ± 0.02
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	1 200	1 200		—	—	0.67 ± 0.15	—		0.46 ± 0.01
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	1 205	1 205		0.50 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.07	12.93 ± 6.28	0.54 ± 0.07		1.05 ± 0.01
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	1 400	1 401		1.03 ± 0.34	1.74 ± 0.47	—	—		0.62 ± 0.17
杂环类 Heterocyclics
苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	95-16-9	1 226	1 226		0.72 ± 0.16	0.98 ± 0.18	3.45 ± 0.93	0.38 ± 0.07		1.31 ± 0.21

挥发物 Volatile	14：00			6：00	22：00
挥发物 Volatile	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes	403.38 ± 57.03 （67.30%）	1 950.33 ± 349.96 （76.43%）	3 009.34 ± 366.35 （74.63%）	645.30 ± 98.46 （84.94%）	732.06 ± 118.04 （76.63%）
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids	61.02 ± 10.87 （10.18%）	166.51 ± 56.36 （6.53%）	291.01 ± 45.75 （7.22%）	34.44 ± 5.58 （4.53%）	76.62 ± 20.18 （8.02%）
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	134.23 ± 28.04 （22.40%）	433.93 ± 95.93 （17.01%）	728.77 ± 168.37 （18.07%）	79.63 ± 7.39 （10.48%）	145.31 ± 16.88 （15.21%）
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.72 ± 0.16 （0.12%）	0.98 ± 0.18 （0.04%）	3.45 ± 0.93 （0.09%）	0.38 ± 0.07 （0.05%）	1.31 ± 0.21 （0.14%）
总计 Total	599.35 ± 89.86 （100.00%）	2 551.75 ± 499.11 （100.00%）	4 032.57 ± 475.88 （100.00%）	759.75 ± 105.96 （100.00%）	955.29 ± 87.78 （100.00%）

挥发物 Volatile	14：00			6：00	22：00
挥发物 Volatile	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes	403.38 ± 57.03 （67.30%）	1 950.33 ± 349.96 （76.43%）	3 009.34 ± 366.35 （74.63%）	645.30 ± 98.46 （84.94%）	732.06 ± 118.04 （76.63%）
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids	61.02 ± 10.87 （10.18%）	166.51 ± 56.36 （6.53%）	291.01 ± 45.75 （7.22%）	34.44 ± 5.58 （4.53%）	76.62 ± 20.18 （8.02%）
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	134.23 ± 28.04 （22.40%）	433.93 ± 95.93 （17.01%）	728.77 ± 168.37 （18.07%）	79.63 ± 7.39 （10.48%）	145.31 ± 16.88 （15.21%）
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.72 ± 0.16 （0.12%）	0.98 ± 0.18 （0.04%）	3.45 ± 0.93 （0.09%）	0.38 ± 0.07 （0.05%）	1.31 ± 0.21 （0.14%）
总计 Total	599.35 ± 89.86 （100.00%）	2 551.75 ± 499.11 （100.00%）	4 032.57 ± 475.88 （100.00%）	759.75 ± 105.96 （100.00%）	955.29 ± 87.78 （100.00%）

挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	气味阈值/ （mg · m^-3） Odor thresholds	ROAV					气味描述 Odor descriptions
			14：00			6：00	22：00
			花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	0.1	16.935	25.298	18.566	57.628	17.724	树脂、松树 Resin、pine
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	28	0.011	0.019	0.013	0.031	0.010	萜类 Terpene
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	2	0.026	0.056	0.070	0.087	0.021	萜类 Terpene
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	0.18	0.286	0.527	0.400	0.749	0.204	萜类 Terpene
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	0.1125	0.169	0.254	0.503	0.457	0.140	天竺葵、胡萝卜 Geranium，carrot
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	3.4	0.002	0.010	0.003	0.004	0.001	萜类、莳萝 Terpene，dill
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	7.9	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.001	萜类 Terpene
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	0.21	0.752	0.831	0.750	1.207	0.690	柑橘 Citrus
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	2	0.003	0.003	0.008	0.005	0.004	桉树 Eucalyptus
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	0.01	1.508	2.990	2.204	3.500	1.319	萜类 Terpene
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	0.0187	—	—	0.091	—	—	萜类 Terpene
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	55	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	汽油 Petrol
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	0.052	0.132	0.092	0.228	0.312	—	泥土、发霉 Earthy，moldy
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	0.59	—	—	0.002	—	—	泥土、发霉 Earthy，moldy
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	0.03	—	—	0.027	—	—	薄荷、香菜 Mint，caraway
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	0.44	0.035	0.024	0.072	0.079	—	松树 Pine
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1.5	—	—	—	0.006	—	发霉 Moldy
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	0.00011	100.000	100.000	100.000	100.000	100.000	果香 Fruity
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	0.038	0.430	—	—	0.416	—	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	4.97	—	0.002	0.001	—	0.001	果香 Fruity
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	0.28	—	0.010	—	—	—	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	6.334	0.031	0.025	0.030	0.019	0.009	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	0.011	9.664	12.145	12.422	8.400	3.511	果香 Fruity
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	0.4685	0.050	—	—	0.028	—	香蕉、果香 Banana，fruity
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	0.058	0.188	0.048	0.041	—	—	果香 Fruity
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	0.0094	0.324	—	—	—	—	果香 Fruity
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	0.035	0.216	—	—	0.176	—	果香 Fruity
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	0.3	1.031	1.040	1.043	1.019	0.818	化学品 Chemical
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	0.026	2.059	—	—	0.219	0.119	—
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	0.25	0.050	—	0.025	0.081	0.044	—
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	0.55	0.008	0.006	0.004	0.015	0.008	苦杏仁、杏仁 Bitter almond，marzipan
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	0.59	—	—	0.002	—	—	塑料 Plastic
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	7.2	0.004	0.006	0.008	0.009	0.003	柑橘、汽油 Citrus，petrol
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	0.025	0.113	0.073	0.088	0.298	0.110	苦杏仁、橡胶 Bitter almond，rubber
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1.6625	0.006	0.011	0.006	0.014	0.004	萜类 Terpene
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	0.45	0.007	0.004	0.008	0.008	0.005	焦油、烟雾 Tar，smoky
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	3.4	—	—	—	—	0.002	—
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	1.5	0.054	0.040	0.016	0.066	0.045	—
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	2.7	—	—	—	—	0.003	烷烃 Alkane
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	0.6	—	—	—	—	0.011	—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	5	0.049	0.052	0.051	0.052	0.041	汽油 Gasoline
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	3.6	—	—	< 0.001	—	—	烷烃 Alkane
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	0.77	—	—	0.001	—	0.002	烷烃 Alkane
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	5	0.001	0.001	—	—	< 0.001	烷烃 Alkane
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	0.23	0.017	0.036	0.063	0.029	0.019	青草 Grassy
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	0.17	0.019	—	0.006	—	0.017	柑橘、青草 Citrus，grassy
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	0.0031	1.549	0.867	—	3.593	2.979	柑橘、肥皂 Citrus，soapy
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	0.0026	1.337	0.555	7.116	2.715	1.551	柑橘、肥皂 Citrus，soapy
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	0.0061	1.645	—	—	—	—	麦芽糖 Malty

Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

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