Effects and Functional Mechanism of Melatonin on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Stress

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0642

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 1697-1710.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0642

• Cultivation Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects and Functional Mechanism of Melatonin on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Stress

SUN Zhijuan², LIU Wenjie¹, ZHENG Xiaodong¹, XI Xiangli¹, MA Changqing¹, LIU Xiaoli¹, WANG Caihong¹, TIAN Yike¹^,^**()

¹ Laboratory of Fruit Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology，College of Horticulture，Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao，Shandong 266109，China
² College of Life Sciences，Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao，Shandong 266109，China

Received:2023-05-29 Revised:2023-07-10 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-23
Contact: TIAN Yike

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of exogenous melatonin on the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings under saline-alkali stress and its mechanism，M. hupehensis seedlings with 94% apomixis rate were selected as test materials. The control group was irrigated with Hoagland’s nutrient solution（groupⅠ）;The saline-alkali treatment group was irrigated with nutrient solution containing 100 mmol · L^-1 NaHCO₃︰NaCl = 1︰1（groupⅡ）. The group Ⅲ was added with 0.1 mmol · L^-1 melatonin on the basis of groupⅡ. The fresh weight，dry weight，chlorophyll content，photosynthetic rate，mineral element content，antioxidant enzyme activity，osmotic substance content，organic acid content，endogenous hormone content and saline-alkali related gene expression were detected after saline-alkali stress and exogenous melatonin treatment for 15 days. The results showed that application of 0.1 mmol · L^-1 melatonin could significantly enhance the tolerance of M. hupehensis to saline-alkali stress. At first，exogenous melatonin treatment could significantly reduce the wilting rate，and effectively improve the biomass and photosynthesis of M. hupehensis seedlings under salt-alkali stress. Meanwhile，it also increased the content of soluble sugar，soluble protein and proline in seedlings so as to alleviate osmotic stress. In addition，melatonin increased intracellular organic acid content and the expression of AHA family genes to enhanced the saline-alkali tolerance of plants. Moreover，exogenous MT could regulate the expression of Na⁺ transporter genes（MhCHX15 and MhSOS1）and K⁺ transporter genes（MhSKOR，MhNHX1，MhNHX2 and MhNHX4），and enhance the ratio of K⁺/Na⁺ in cytoplasm to maintain ion homeostasis. Melatonin could enhance the activities of POD and CAT and regulate the expressions of antioxidase genes（MhGPX6，MhpoxN1 and MhPER65）to alleviate oxidative damage under saline-alkali stress. Furthermore，exogenous MT could cooperate with gibberellin，auxin，cytokinin and methyl jasmonate responding to saline-alkali stress. In conclusion，exogenous 0.1 mmol · L^-1 melatonin alleviated the damage of saline-alkali stress on M. hupehensis seedlings by regulating ion balance，osmotic substances，antioxidant enzyme activities and coordinating with other endogenous hormones.

Key words: apple, Malus hupehensis, saline-alkali stress, melatonin, high pH stress, osmotic equilibrium, oxidative damage

SUN Zhijuan, LIU Wenjie, ZHENG Xiaodong, XI Xiangli, MA Changqing, LIU Xiaoli, WANG Caihong, TIAN Yike. Effects and Functional Mechanism of Melatonin on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(8): 1697-1710.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Primer sequences for qRT-PCR

基因名称 Gene name	上游引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
MhSKOR	CATCCTGACAACTGGTGGTATCG	AATGCCATTTGCCAATAACCT
MhNHX1	TTCTGCGTGAACTTTAGACCCT	AAGACTGAGATTTCCTTTCAAGC
MhNHX2	CCACATTGATTCCAGTATTGCTT	CTCTTGAACTCTCCGTCACATTG
MhNHX4	ACGAAACTCCTTTACTATACAGCCT	TGATACCACAGATAAGTGAGCATAG
MhCHX15	AGATTATCCGTATCCTCTAAGTCTGG	TGGTTCGGCCTATCGTGAAA
MhSOS1	TACACTGTCGCTCTGCTCATCC	CCAGTCGTAAGGGAAAGTGAGC
MhGPX6	TTCCGAGAGTAAATCAATCCACG	AGGCAAACTCTACAATCTCGTCA
MhpoxN1	GCTCCTCCAAATCATTGTTACTG	AAGAAGGACAGAAGCATCACAA C
MhPER65	GGCATTCTATTCCCATTCCCTT	GAGTTGGAAGCGATGAGGAGG
MhAHA1	CCAGAGAAAACAAAAGAGAGTC	TTCACATTCACACCGAGATTG
MhAHA2	AAAGTGTGAAGAAAGAGAAAATGC	AGTTCATTTGCTTGACATTCTTT
MhAHA8	GGTCAAAAGTGTGTTGGTAAGCA	AAACCAAAATCCTCCAACAGC
MhActin	CTTCAATGTGCCTGCCATGTAT	AATTTCCCGTTCAGCAGTAGTG

Fig. 1 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on phenotypes of Malus hupehensis plants under（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 2 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on wilting rate and biomass of Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress Different lowercase letters represent significant differcences（P < 0.05）. The same below.

Fig. 3 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic indexes of Malus hupehensis leaves under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 4 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on the content of mineral elements in Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 5 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on reactive oxygen content and antioxidant enzyme activities of Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 6 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on osmotic substance content of Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 7 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on organic acid content of Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 8 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on hormone content in Malus hupehensis plants under saline-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress

Fig. 9 Effects of exogenous melatonin（MT）on gene expression of salt-alkali（NaCl + NaHCO3）stress response in Malus hupehensis plants

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Effects and Functional Mechanism of Melatonin on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Stress

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