Inhibition of Tagetes erecta Straw Powder on the Main Pathogens of Apple Continuous Cropping Obstacle and Its Field Application Effect

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0564

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1518-1534.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0564

• Cultivation Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Inhibition of Tagetes erecta Straw Powder on the Main Pathogens of Apple Continuous Cropping Obstacle and Its Field Application Effect

WANG Xiaofang¹, XIA Qun², LUAN Risheng³, XU Li⁴, YIN Chengmiao⁵, WANG Yanfang⁶, CHEN Xuesen⁵, MAO Zhiquan⁵^,^*(), XIANG Kun¹^,^*()

¹ Shandong Institute of Pomology，Tai’an，Shandong 271000，China
² Shandong Xintai Science and Technology Bureau，Xintai，Shandong 271200，China
³ Yantai Mouping District Fruit Tree Technology Promotion Center，Yantai，Shandong 264100，China
⁴ Rongcheng Yatou Subdistrict Office，Rongcheng，Shandong 264300，China
⁵ State Key laboratory of Crop Biology，College of Horticultural Science and Engineering，Shandong Agruicultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018，China
⁶ College of Chemistry and Material Science，Shandong Agruicultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018，China

Received:2022-11-21 Revised:2023-05-15 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-26
Contact: MAO Zhiquan, XIANG Kun

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the inhibitory effect and field control effect of Tagetes erecta straw powder on the pathogenic fungi related to apple replant disease（ARD），and the inhibitory effect of T. erecta on four Fusarium fungi（F. oxysporum，F. solani，F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides）was studied under indoor conditions. Under field conditions，two-year-old apple saplings（‘Yanfu 3’/M9T337）were used as test materials，and the effects of T. erecta straw powder on the growth of apple saplings and soil micro-ecological environment were studied. Seven treatments were designed as follows：replanted soil（control），methyl bromide fumigation，T. erecta mixed planting，0.5% and 1% T. erecta straw powder，0.5% and 1% corncob powder. The results showed that the volatile components of T. erecta had a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the four Fusarium species. The inhibition rate of mycelial growth was 20%-100% at the concentration of 1.67-33.30 g · L^-1，and the inhibition rate increased with the increase of T. erecta dosage. The hyphae of F. solani treated with T. erecta was inhibited，the growth was messy，thin，the branches increased，short and thin，the hyphae gradually shrunken and collapsed，withered，and the surface was damaged. Under field conditions，the effect of 0.5% T. erecta straw powder treatment was the best in the Fengmaozhai test site，and the effect of 1% T. erecta straw powder treatment in the Wantoucun test site was the best. The plant height，ground diameter，and annual growth of branches of apple saplings were significantly higher than those of the control. The activities of soil enzymes treated with T. erecta were significantly increased；the number of culturable bacteria in the soil increased；the number of fungi decreased；the ratio of bacteria/fungus increased. In the Fengmaozhai test site，the relative abundance of Penicillium of 0.5% T. erecta powder treatment increased the most，which was 59 times that of the control. In Wantoucun test site，the relative abundances of Mortierella，Chaetomium，and Penicillium all increased after treatment，among which Penicillium increased the most，and the relative abundances of Penicillium with 1% T. erecta powder treatment was 125 times that of the control. Principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）showed that there were significant differences in soil fungal community structure of different treatments in Fengmaozhai and Wantoucun test sites. In conclusion，T. erecta straw crushed material can significantly improve soil microbial community structure and replanted soil environment，reduce the harm caused by ARD to apple saplings and promote the growth of apple saplings.

Key words: apple, replant disease, Tagetes erecta, biofumigation, soil microbial community

WANG Xiaofang, XIA Qun, LUAN Risheng, XU Li, YIN Chengmiao, WANG Yanfang, CHEN Xuesen, MAO Zhiquan, XIANG Kun. Inhibition of Tagetes erecta Straw Powder on the Main Pathogens of Apple Continuous Cropping Obstacle and Its Field Application Effect[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(7): 1518-1534.

Figures/Tables 14

References 34

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试验地 Test site	容重/（g · cm^-3） Bulk density	总孔隙度/% Total porosity	pH	有机质/（g · kg^-1） Organic matter	NO₃-N/（mg · kg^-1）	NH₄⁺-N / （mg · kg^-1）	速效磷/ （mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/ （mg · kg^-1） Available K
凤毛寨Fengmaozhai	1.21	50.10	4.75	5.12	33.96	22.23	9.84	21.74
湾头村Wantoucun	1.15	53.03	6.49	7.88	34.59	14.13	7.15	40.26

试验地 Test site	容重/（g · cm^-3） Bulk density	总孔隙度/% Total porosity	pH	有机质/（g · kg^-1） Organic matter	NO₃-N/（mg · kg^-1）	NH₄⁺-N / （mg · kg^-1）	速效磷/ （mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/ （mg · kg^-1） Available K
凤毛寨Fengmaozhai	1.21	50.10	4.75	5.12	33.96	22.23	9.84	21.74
湾头村Wantoucun	1.15	53.03	6.49	7.88	34.59	14.13	7.15	40.26

万寿菊秸秆粉末用量/（g · L^-1） T. erecta powder	尖孢镰孢菌 F. oxysporum	腐皮镰孢菌 F. solani	层出镰孢菌 F. proliferatum	串珠镰孢菌 F. verticillioides
1.67	25.48	30.44	20.51	28.92
3.30	40.13	43.48	37.82	45.18
6.70	54.14	58.39	55.13	57.23
13.30	69.43	72.05	72.44	75.90
26.70	88.54	89.44	88.46	92.17
33.30	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

万寿菊秸秆粉末用量/（g · L^-1） T. erecta powder	尖孢镰孢菌 F. oxysporum	腐皮镰孢菌 F. solani	层出镰孢菌 F. proliferatum	串珠镰孢菌 F. verticillioides
1.67	25.48	30.44	20.51	28.92
3.30	40.13	43.48	37.82	45.18
6.70	54.14	58.39	55.13	57.23
13.30	69.43	72.05	72.44	75.90
26.70	88.54	89.44	88.46	92.17
33.30	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

菌种 Strain	毒力回归方程 Regression equation of virulence	R²
尖孢镰孢菌F. oxysporum	y = 0.4435x-13.76	0.938
腐皮镰孢菌F. solani	y = 0.4719x-16.81	0.931
层出镰孢菌F. proliferatum	y = 0.4087x-11.34	0.901
串珠镰孢菌F. verticillioides	y = 0.4513x-15.88	0.912

Inhibition of Tagetes erecta Straw Powder on the Main Pathogens of Apple Continuous Cropping Obstacle and Its Field Application Effect

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取样时间（Y-M） Sampling time	取样地点 Sampling area	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	地径/mm Ground diameter	新梢生长量/cm Shoot length
2017-08	凤毛寨 Fengmaozhai	溴甲烷Methyl bromide	1.99 ± 0.14 a	45.65 ± 1.08 a	80.33 ± 4.25 a
		连作土（对照）Replanted soil（Control）	1.71 ± 0.16 b	24.81 ± 1.95 e	55.89 ± 5.00 c
		万寿菊混栽Tagetes erecta mixed planting	1.87 ± 0.09 ab	30.54 ± 0.90 cd	59.78 ± 6.11 c
		0.5%万寿菊秸秆粉末 0.5% Tagetes erecta straw powder	1.98 ± 0.06 a	36.44 ± 1.35 b	68.89 ± 0.51 b
		0.5%玉米芯粉末 0.5% Corncob powder	1.83 ± 0.12 ab	31.76 ± 1.36 cd	55.33 ± 2.34 c
		1%万寿菊秸秆粉末1% Tagetes erecta straw powder	1.92 ± 0.11 ab	32.46 ± 2.17 c	62.00 ± 3.51 c
		1%玉米芯粉末1% Corncob powder	1.91 ± 0.07 ab	28.98 ± 1.66 d	57.33 ± 2.34 c
	湾头村 Wantoucun	溴甲烷Methyl bromide	2.18 ± 0.15 a	49.56 ± 2.46 a	80.11 ± 3.02 ab
		连作土（对照）Replanted soil（Control）	1.84 ± 0.06 c	39.85 ± 1.70 de	58.44 ± 4.00 e
		万寿菊混栽Tagetes erecta mixed planting	2.06 ± 0.18 abc	37.09 ± 1.04 e	73.78 ± 1.07 c
		0.5%万寿菊秸秆粉末0.5%Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.09 ± 0.17 abc	44.45 ± 0.96 bc	74.56 ± 2.22 bc
		0.5%玉米芯粉末0.5% Corncob powder	1.85 ± 0.10 c	41.57 ± 0.62 cd	67.11 ± 6.17 d
		1%万寿菊秸秆粉末1% Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.14 ± 0.19 ab	46.71 ± 1.99 ab	82.33 ± 2.33 a
		1%玉米芯粉末1% Corncob powder	1.89 ± 0.04 bc	40.71 ± 3.03 d	70.22 ± 2.51 cd
2018-08	凤毛寨 Fengmaozhai	溴甲烷Methyl bromide	2.54 ± 0.15 a	47.09 ± 0.60 a	96.00 ± 1.17 a
		连作土（对照）Replanted soil（Control）	1.92 ± 0.06 c	26.17 ± 1.23 e	57.22 ± 3.86 c
		万寿菊混栽Tagetes erecta mixed planting	2.03 ± 0.02 bc	32.68 ± 0.56 cd	58.44 ± 3.35 c
		0.5%万寿菊秸秆粉末0.5% Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.23 ± 0.02 b	37.25 ± 1.10 b	75.00 ± 1.92 b
		0.5%玉米芯粉末0.5% Corncob powder	2.05 ± 0.03 bc	33.31 ± 0.49 cd	55.22 ± 2.78 c
		1%万寿菊秸秆粉末1% Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.11 ± 0.03 bc	35.22 ± 1.34 bc	60.56 ± 2.78 c
		1%玉米芯粉末1% Corncob powder	2.11 ± 0.05 bc	30.58 ± 1.00 d	57.22 ± 3.55 c
	湾头村 Wantoucun	溴甲烷Methyl bromide	2.93 ± 0.04 a	50.28 ± 0.96 a	97.11 ± 3.02 a
		连作土（对照）Replanted soil（Control）	2.55 ± 0.08 b	41.59 ± 0.96 bc	64.33 ± 4.22 d
		万寿菊混栽Tagetes erecta mixed planting	2.72 ± 0.09 ab	38.16 ± 1.78 c	82.22 ± 1.78 bc
		0.5%万寿菊秸秆粉末0.5% Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.75 ± 0.10 ab	46.40 ± 1.37 ab	91.44 ± 1.31 ab
		0.5%玉米芯粉末0.5% Corncob powder	2.74 ± 0.16 ab	45.95 ± 1.96 ab	75.44 ± 9.10 cd
		1%万寿菊秸秆粉末1% Tagetes erecta straw powder	2.90 ± 0.08 ab	49.25 ± 3.19 a	93.00 ± 4.44 ab
		1%玉米芯粉末 1% Corncob powder	2.72 ± 0.15 ab	42.28 ± 1.68 bc	86.00 ± 1.71 abc

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