Research Progress on Flower Color of Waterlily（Nymphaea）

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0460

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2087-2099.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0460

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Research Progress on Flower Color of Waterlily（Nymphaea）

WU Qian¹, ZHANG Huijin¹, WANG Xiaohan¹^,², ZHAO Wen³, ZHOU Xian¹^,², WANG Liangsheng¹^,²^,^*()

¹Beijing Botanical Garden,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China
²University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
³Heilongjiang Yilan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Yichun,Heilongjiang 153000,China

Received:2021-05-18 Revised:2021-08-28 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-01
Contact: WANG Liangsheng E-mail:wanglsh@ibcas.ac.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the national and international research progress on Nymphaea flower color diversity,pigment composition,relationship between pigment composition and flower color,flavonoids biosynthesis pathway,flower color genetic characteristics,flower color breeding,and discussed the existing problems and prospects in the research of flower color of Nymphaea.

Key words: waterlily, flower color, flavonoid, anthocyanin, breeding

CLC Number:

S682.32

WU Qian, ZHANG Huijin, WANG Xiaohan, ZHAO Wen, ZHOU Xian, WANG Liangsheng. Research Progress on Flower Color of Waterlily（Nymphaea）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2087-2099.

Figures/Tables 4

References 57

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序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
1	花青苷 Antho- cyanin	飞燕草素-3-O-β-吡喃半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;朱满兰,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
2	花青苷 Antho- cyanin	飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
3		飞燕草素-3-O-乙酰-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-acetyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
4		飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;朱满兰等,2012
5		飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranoside)	Zhu et al.,2012
6		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012
7		飞燕草素-3'-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3'-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
8		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
9		飞燕草素-3'-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3'-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
10		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙二酰-鼠李糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-oxalyl-rhamnoside)	Zhu et al.,2012
11		飞燕草素-3-O-鼠李糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
12		飞燕草素-3-O-鼠李糖-5-O-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-5-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012
13		飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖-5-O-乙酰-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-galactoside-5-O-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
14		矢车菊素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Cyanidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	朱满兰等,2012
15		矢车菊素-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷cyanidin 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
16		矢车菊素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Cyanidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
17		矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
18		矢车菊素-3-O-乙酰-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-acetyl-galactosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
19		矢车菊素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-半乳糖)-5-O-鼠李糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-galactopyranoside)-5-O-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
20		矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖-半乳糖-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-galactosyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
21	查尔酮苷Chalcone glycoside	柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-半乳糖苷Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
22		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-葡萄糖苷Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008
23		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
24		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-鼠李糖-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-rhamnosyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
25		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-di-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
26		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
27		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-di-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
28		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-葡萄糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-di-galloyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
29		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-双乙酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-galloyl-di-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
30	黄烷酮 Flavanone	3,7-二羟基黄烷酮 3,7-Dihydroxyflavanone	Hsu et al.,2013
31		柚皮素Naringenin	Agnihotri et al.,2008;Hsu et al.,2013;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
32	黄烷酮苷 Flavanone glycoside	柚皮素-5-O-葡萄糖苷Naringenin 5-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;董柳青,2017
33		柚皮素-7-O-半乳糖苷Naringenin 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
34		柚皮苷Naringin	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
35	黄酮 Flavone	芹菜素Apigenin	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
36		木犀草素Luteolin	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
37		金圣草黄素Chrysoeriol	朱满兰等,2012
38		7-甲基麦黄酮7-Methy tricin	Zhao et al.,2011
39	黄酮苷 Flavone glycoside	木犀草素-3',7-二-O-半乳糖苷Luteolin 3',7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
40		木犀草素-3',7-二-O-葡萄糖苷Luteolin 3',7-di-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
41		木犀草素-8-C-葡萄糖苷Luteolin 8-C-glucoside	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
42		金圣草黄素-7-O-半乳糖苷Chrysoeriol 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
43		金圣草黄素-7-O-葡萄糖苷Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
44	黄酮醇 Flavonol	山奈酚Kaempferol	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018;Acharya et al.,2019
45		3-甲基山奈酚3-Methy kaempferide	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Kizu & Tomimori,2003
46		槲皮素Quercetin	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Rakesh et al.,2009;Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
47		3-甲基槲皮素3-Methy quercetin	Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011
48		异鼠李素Isorhamnetin	朱满兰等,2012
49		杨梅酮Myricetin	刘瑞凝等,2006;Acharya et al.,2019
50	黄酮醇苷 Flavonol glycoside	山奈酚-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;刘瑞凝等,2006;朱满兰等,2012
51		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
52		山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhao et al.,2011;朱满兰等,2012;Kothari & Durgapal,2014
53		山奈酚-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-( 2''-O-acetyl)-rhamnoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013
54		山奈酚-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl) -rhamnoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013;Wu et al.,2016
55		山奈酚-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl) -rhamnoside	Wu et al.,2016
56		山奈酚-3-O-乙酰-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
57		山奈酚-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
58		山奈酚-3-O-芦丁糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhao et al.,2011;宋敏等,2016
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
59		山奈酚-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-芦丁糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)- rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006
60		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
61		山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
62		山奈酚-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
63		山奈酚-3,7-二-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol 3,7-di-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
64		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
65		山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖-3-O-芦丁糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-glucoside-3-O-rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006
66		山奈酚-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-galactosyl-( 1→2) -rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
67		山奈酚-7-O-没食子酰-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-galloyl-galactosyl-( 1→2) -rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
68		槲皮素-3-O-木糖苷Quercetin 3-O-xyloside	刘瑞凝等,2006
69		槲皮素-3'-O-木糖苷Quercetin 3'-O-xyloside	Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011;Zhu et al.,2012
70		槲皮素-4'-O-木糖苷Quercetin 4'-O-xyloside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991
71		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Quercetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
72		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃半乳糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galactopyranoside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;朱满兰等,2012
73		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷Quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhao et al.,2011;朱满兰等,2012;Kothari & Durgapal,2014;Acharya et al.,2019
74		3-甲基槲皮素-3'-O-木糖苷3-Methylquercetin 3'-O-xyloside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011
75		槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-( 2''-O-acetyl) -rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012
76		槲皮素-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013;Wu et al.,2016
77		槲皮素-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Wu et al.,2016
78		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-鼠李糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
79		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
80		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-葡萄糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
81		槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Quercetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
82		芦丁Rutin	Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
83		槲皮素-7-O-阿拉伯糖苷Quercetin 7-O-arabinoside	朱满兰等,2012
84		槲皮素-7-O-木糖苷Quercetin 7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
85		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖苷Quercetin 7-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
86		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Quercetin 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
87		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-木糖苷 Quercetin 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
88		槲皮素-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Quercetin 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
89		异鼠李素-3-O-木糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
90		异鼠李素-7-O-木糖苷Isorhamnetin 7-O-xyloside	Zhu et al.,2012
91		异鼠李素-3-O-鼠李糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
92		异鼠李素-3-O-半乳糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
93		异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
94		异鼠李素-7-O-半乳糖苷Isorhamnetin 7-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
95		3-甲基杨梅酮-3'-O-β-D-木糖苷Annulatin 3'-O-β-D-xyloside	赵军等,2013
96		杨梅酮-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1998a,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
97		杨梅酮-3'-O-木糖苷Myricetin 3'-O-xyloside	Fossen et al.,1998a;刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhu et al.,2012
98		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 3-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
99		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷Myricetin 3-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;朱满兰等,2012
100		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide	朱满兰等,2012
101		杨梅酮-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(2''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016
102		杨梅酮-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016
103		杨梅酮-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl) -rhamnopyranoside	Wu et al.,2016
104		杨梅酮-3-O-没食子酰-鼠李糖苷myricetin 3-O-galloyl-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
105		杨梅酮-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-丙二酰-吡喃半乳糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-malonyl-galactopyranoside)	Wu et al.,2016
106		杨梅酮-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→6)-吡喃半乳糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl ( 1→6) -galactopyranoside	朱满兰等,2012
107		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-glucuronide	朱满兰等,2012
108		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖-7-O-木糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-glucosyl-7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
109		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-木糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
110		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
111		杨梅酮-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
112		杨梅酮-7-O-木糖苷Myricetin 7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
113		杨梅酮-7-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
114		杨梅酮-7-O-鼠李糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Myricetin 7-O-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
115		万寿菊素-3-O-木糖苷Patuletin 3-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
116		万寿菊素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷Patuletin 3-O-arabinoside	朱满兰等,2012
117		万寿菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷Patuletin 3-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012

序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
1	花青苷 Antho- cyanin	飞燕草素-3-O-β-吡喃半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;朱满兰,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
2	花青苷 Antho- cyanin	飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
3		飞燕草素-3-O-乙酰-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-acetyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
4		飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;朱满兰等,2012
5		飞燕草素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranoside)	Zhu et al.,2012
6		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012
7		飞燕草素-3'-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3'-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
8		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
9		飞燕草素-3'-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Delphinidin 3'-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen & Andersen,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016;吴倩,2018
10		飞燕草素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙二酰-鼠李糖苷) Delphinidin 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-oxalyl-rhamnoside)	Zhu et al.,2012
11		飞燕草素-3-O-鼠李糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
12		飞燕草素-3-O-鼠李糖-5-O-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-rhamnosyl-5-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012
13		飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖-5-O-乙酰-半乳糖苷 Delphinidin 3-O-galactoside-5-O-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
14		矢车菊素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Cyanidin 3-O-( 6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	朱满兰等,2012
15		矢车菊素-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷cyanidin 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
16		矢车菊素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-乙酰-β-吡喃半乳糖苷) Cyanidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranoside)	Fossen et al.,1998b;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
17		矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
18		矢车菊素-3-O-乙酰-半乳糖-(1→2)-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-acetyl-galactosyl-(1→2)-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
19		矢车菊素-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-半乳糖)-5-O-鼠李糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-galactopyranoside)-5-O-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
20		矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖-半乳糖-半乳糖苷 Cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-galactosyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
21	查尔酮苷Chalcone glycoside	柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-半乳糖苷Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
22		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-葡萄糖苷Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008
23		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
24		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-鼠李糖-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-rhamnosyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
25		柚皮素查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-半乳糖苷 Chalcononaringenin 2'-O-di-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
26		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
27		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-di-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
28		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-双没食子酰-葡萄糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-di-galloyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
29		2',3',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮-2'-O-没食子酰-双乙酰-半乳糖苷 2',3',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone 2'-O-galloyl-di-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
30	黄烷酮 Flavanone	3,7-二羟基黄烷酮 3,7-Dihydroxyflavanone	Hsu et al.,2013
31		柚皮素Naringenin	Agnihotri et al.,2008;Hsu et al.,2013;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
32	黄烷酮苷 Flavanone glycoside	柚皮素-5-O-葡萄糖苷Naringenin 5-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;董柳青,2017
33		柚皮素-7-O-半乳糖苷Naringenin 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
34		柚皮苷Naringin	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
35	黄酮 Flavone	芹菜素Apigenin	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
36		木犀草素Luteolin	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
37		金圣草黄素Chrysoeriol	朱满兰等,2012
38		7-甲基麦黄酮7-Methy tricin	Zhao et al.,2011
39	黄酮苷 Flavone glycoside	木犀草素-3',7-二-O-半乳糖苷Luteolin 3',7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
40		木犀草素-3',7-二-O-葡萄糖苷Luteolin 3',7-di-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
41		木犀草素-8-C-葡萄糖苷Luteolin 8-C-glucoside	Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
42		金圣草黄素-7-O-半乳糖苷Chrysoeriol 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
43		金圣草黄素-7-O-葡萄糖苷Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
44	黄酮醇 Flavonol	山奈酚Kaempferol	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018;Acharya et al.,2019
45		3-甲基山奈酚3-Methy kaempferide	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Kizu & Tomimori,2003
46		槲皮素Quercetin	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Rakesh et al.,2009;Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
47		3-甲基槲皮素3-Methy quercetin	Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011
48		异鼠李素Isorhamnetin	朱满兰等,2012
49		杨梅酮Myricetin	刘瑞凝等,2006;Acharya et al.,2019
50	黄酮醇苷 Flavonol glycoside	山奈酚-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;刘瑞凝等,2006;朱满兰等,2012
51		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012
52		山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	Kizu & Tomimori,2003;刘瑞凝等,2006;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhao et al.,2011;朱满兰等,2012;Kothari & Durgapal,2014
53		山奈酚-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-( 2''-O-acetyl)-rhamnoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013
54		山奈酚-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl) -rhamnoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013;Wu et al.,2016
55		山奈酚-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-鼠李糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl) -rhamnoside	Wu et al.,2016
56		山奈酚-3-O-乙酰-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-acetyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
57		山奈酚-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
58		山奈酚-3-O-芦丁糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhao et al.,2011;宋敏等,2016
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
59		山奈酚-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-芦丁糖苷) Kaempferol 3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)- rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006
60		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
61		山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
62		山奈酚-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Kaempferol 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
63		山奈酚-3,7-二-O-葡萄糖苷Kaempferol 3,7-di-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
64		山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
65		山奈酚-7-O-葡萄糖-3-O-芦丁糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-glucoside-3-O-rutinoside	刘瑞凝等,2006
66		山奈酚-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-galactosyl-( 1→2) -rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
67		山奈酚-7-O-没食子酰-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Kaempferol 7-O-galloyl-galactosyl-( 1→2) -rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
68		槲皮素-3-O-木糖苷Quercetin 3-O-xyloside	刘瑞凝等,2006
69		槲皮素-3'-O-木糖苷Quercetin 3'-O-xyloside	Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011;Zhu et al.,2012
70		槲皮素-4'-O-木糖苷Quercetin 4'-O-xyloside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991
71		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Quercetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
72		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃半乳糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galactopyranoside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;朱满兰等,2012
73		槲皮素-3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷Quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhao et al.,2011;朱满兰等,2012;Kothari & Durgapal,2014;Acharya et al.,2019
74		3-甲基槲皮素-3'-O-木糖苷3-Methylquercetin 3'-O-xyloside	Jambor & Skrzypczak,1991;Fossen et al.,1998a;Kizu & Tomimori,2003;Zhao et al.,2011
75		槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-( 2''-O-acetyl) -rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012
76		槲皮素-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Hsu et al.,2013;Wu et al.,2016
77		槲皮素-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Quercetin 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Wu et al.,2016
78		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-鼠李糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
79		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-半乳糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
80		槲皮素-3-O-没食子酰-葡萄糖苷Quercetin 3-O-galloyl-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
81		槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Quercetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
82		芦丁Rutin	Zhao et al.,2011;Cudalbeanu et al.,2018
83		槲皮素-7-O-阿拉伯糖苷Quercetin 7-O-arabinoside	朱满兰等,2012
84		槲皮素-7-O-木糖苷Quercetin 7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
85		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖苷Quercetin 7-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
86		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Quercetin 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
87		槲皮素-7-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-木糖苷 Quercetin 7-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
88		槲皮素-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Quercetin 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
89		异鼠李素-3-O-木糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
90		异鼠李素-7-O-木糖苷Isorhamnetin 7-O-xyloside	Zhu et al.,2012
91		异鼠李素-3-O-鼠李糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
92		异鼠李素-3-O-半乳糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
93		异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	朱满兰等,2012
94		异鼠李素-7-O-半乳糖苷Isorhamnetin 7-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012
序号 No．	类型 Type	化合物Compound	参考文献Reference
95		3-甲基杨梅酮-3'-O-β-D-木糖苷Annulatin 3'-O-β-D-xyloside	赵军等,2013
96		杨梅酮-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷Myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1998a,1999;Agnihotri et al.,2008;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
97		杨梅酮-3'-O-木糖苷Myricetin 3'-O-xyloside	Fossen et al.,1998a;刘瑞凝等,2006;Zhu et al.,2012
98		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 3-O-galactoside	Zhu et al.,2012;朱满兰等,2012;Wu et al.,2016
99		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷Myricetin 3-O-glucoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;朱满兰等,2012
100		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷Myricetin 3-O-glucuronide	朱满兰等,2012
101		杨梅酮-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(2''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Fossen et al.,1999;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016
102		杨梅酮-3-O-(3''-O-乙酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(3''-O-acetyl)-rhamnopyranoside	Agnihotri et al.,2008;Zhu et al.,2012;Wu et al.,2016
103		杨梅酮-3-O-(3''-O-丙二酰-吡喃鼠李糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-(3''-O-malonyl) -rhamnopyranoside	Wu et al.,2016
104		杨梅酮-3-O-没食子酰-鼠李糖苷myricetin 3-O-galloyl-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
105		杨梅酮-3-O-(2''-O-没食子酰-6''-O-丙二酰-吡喃半乳糖苷) Myricetin 3-O-( 2''-O-galloyl-6''-O-malonyl-galactopyranoside)	Wu et al.,2016
106		杨梅酮-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→6)-吡喃半乳糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl ( 1→6) -galactopyranoside	朱满兰等,2012
107		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-glucuronide	朱满兰等,2012
108		杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖-7-O-木糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-glucosyl-7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
109		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-7-O-木糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
110		杨梅酮-3-O-半乳糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Myricetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	朱满兰等,2012
111		杨梅酮-3,7-二-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 3,7-di-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
112		杨梅酮-7-O-木糖苷Myricetin 7-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
113		杨梅酮-7-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 7-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012
114		杨梅酮-7-O-鼠李糖-(1→2)-鼠李糖苷 Myricetin 7-O-rhamnosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside	Zhu et al.,2012
115		万寿菊素-3-O-木糖苷Patuletin 3-O-xyloside	朱满兰等,2012
116		万寿菊素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷Patuletin 3-O-arabinoside	朱满兰等,2012
117		万寿菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷Patuletin 3-O-galactoside	朱满兰等,2012

Research Progress on Flower Color of Waterlily（Nymphaea）

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生态型Eco-type	登录年份Registration year					合计Total
生态型Eco-type	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	合计Total
耐寒型Hardy	1	0	8	5	2	16
热带型Tropical	10	16	20	14	12	72
跨亚属Intersubgeneric	1	3	6	4	3	17
合计Total	12	19	34	23	17	105

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