‘王林’苹果早期水心病发生过程中的相关生理变化

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0891

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究‘王林’苹果早期水心病发生过程中的细胞膜完整性以及细胞内各糖组分含量和分布，活性氧代谢及渗透调节物质含量的变化，分析山梨醇转运代谢基因MdSDH和MdSOT的表达量变化。结果表明，随着果实生长及环境温度升高，早期水心发生率上升，早期水心发生可能与高温相关。水心发生后，液泡、细胞质、细胞间隙的山梨醇含量高于果糖和葡萄糖含量，液泡膜透性与各细胞器中山梨醇含量显著相关，山梨醇含量始终较高，果糖含量下降显著，液泡膜和细胞膜对不同糖分的透性不同，超氧阴离子和过氧化氢含量较正常组织显著升高（高4.65%和20.83%），POD、SOD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性显著降低，MDA含量和相对电导率显著升高，膜质过氧化水平严重，但液泡膜和细胞膜仍保持一定透性；MdSOT4表达极显著上升，推测其可能对水心组织中的山梨醇转运以及代谢起重要的调节作用。10月气温降低，早期水心症状减轻，进一步说明高温与水心发生相关。

关键词: 苹果, 水心病, 膜透性, 山梨醇, 活性氧, 基因表达

Abstract:

To investigate changes in cell membrane integrity and the content and distribution of intracellular sugar fractions，reactive oxygen species metabolism and osmoregulatory substance content during the development of early watercore disease in‘Orin’apple fruits，and to analyse the changes in the expression of sorbitol transporter metabolism genes MdSDH and MdSOT. The results showed that the incidence of early watercore increased with fruit growth and higher ambient temperatures，and that early watercore may be associated with high temperatures. After the occurrence of watercore，the sorbitol content of vesicles，cytoplasm and intercellular space was higher than that of fructose and glucose；the permeability of vesicle membrane was significantly correlated with the sorbitol content of each organelle，the sorbitol content was always higher，the fructose content was decreased significantly；the permeability of vesicle membrane and cell membrane to different sugars was different；the content of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide was significantly elevated compared with that of the watercore-free tissue（4.65% and 20.83% higher），the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD，SOD and CAT were significantly reduced，MDA content and relative conductivity were significantly increased，and the level of membrane peroxidation was serious，but the vacuole membrane and cell membrane still maintained a certain degree of permeability；the expression of MdSOT4 was significantly increased，and it was speculated that it might be an important regulator of sorbitol transport as well as metabolism in the tissue of the watercore. Early watercore symptoms can disappear with lower temperatures in October，further suggesting that high temperatures are associated with watery heart occurrence.

Key words: apple, watercore disease, membrane permeability, sorbitol, activated oxygen, gene expression

史兴秀, 冯贝贝, 闫鹏, 耿文娟, 朱玛孜拉·沙尔山木汗. ‘王林’苹果早期水心病发生过程中的相关生理变化[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(1): 171-184.

SHI Xingxiu, FENG Beibei, YAN Peng, GENG Wenjuan, Jumazira Sharshanmukhan. Physiological Changes Associated with Early Watercore in‘Orin’Apples[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 171-184.

图/表 9

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基因名称 Gene name	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
MdSDH1	TTGGAGGAAGGCGCGATG	CCTGCTCCCACGACCAAG
MdSDH2	ATCGGGCTGGTTTCCGTG	CGGGCCCGAGAGACTTTG
MdSDH3	CGGGCCCGAGAGACTTTG	AGCAATTGCCGCTTTGGTG
MdSDH4	CCCTGCGGATCTGTGCTT	GGCCCTGCTCCGATGATC
MdSDH5	TTGGAGGAAGGCGCGATG	CCTGCTCCCACGACCAAG
MdSDH6	TTAAAGAAGCCATGATCTCC	CCATTCCTACAAGGCAGAC
MdSOT1	GGCATCGGAGTCGGCTAC	AAGACGTGAGGAAGCCGC
MdSOT2	TCAAGGTCACGGACACGC	AGTTCTTCCGGCCATGGC
MdSOT3	ACCTTCCTCATGTGCGGC	AGACCTCGGCGCTGTAGA
MdSOT4	TCAAGGTCACGGACACGC	TTCTTCCTGCCATGGCGG
MdSOT5	TTGTCGTTGACGGGGCTC	GTCAGGCACAAAACGGCG
MdSOT6	ACCTTCCTCATGTGCGGC	AGACCTCGGCGCTGTAGA
Actin1	GGACAGCGAGGACATTCAGC	CTGACCCATTCCAACCATAACA

基因名称 Gene name	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
MdSDH1	TTGGAGGAAGGCGCGATG	CCTGCTCCCACGACCAAG
MdSDH2	ATCGGGCTGGTTTCCGTG	CGGGCCCGAGAGACTTTG
MdSDH3	CGGGCCCGAGAGACTTTG	AGCAATTGCCGCTTTGGTG
MdSDH4	CCCTGCGGATCTGTGCTT	GGCCCTGCTCCGATGATC
MdSDH5	TTGGAGGAAGGCGCGATG	CCTGCTCCCACGACCAAG
MdSDH6	TTAAAGAAGCCATGATCTCC	CCATTCCTACAAGGCAGAC
MdSOT1	GGCATCGGAGTCGGCTAC	AAGACGTGAGGAAGCCGC
MdSOT2	TCAAGGTCACGGACACGC	AGTTCTTCCGGCCATGGC
MdSOT3	ACCTTCCTCATGTGCGGC	AGACCTCGGCGCTGTAGA
MdSOT4	TCAAGGTCACGGACACGC	TTCTTCCTGCCATGGCGG
MdSOT5	TTGTCGTTGACGGGGCTC	GTCAGGCACAAAACGGCG
MdSOT6	ACCTTCCTCATGTGCGGC	AGACCTCGGCGCTGTAGA
Actin1	GGACAGCGAGGACATTCAGC	CTGACCCATTCCAACCATAACA

样品 Sample	液泡膜 Tonoplast （mg · g^-1 · min^-1）
样品 Sample	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	山梨醇 Sorbitol
水心前 Before watercore	-0.0188 ± 0.014 a	-0.01627 ± 0.012 a	6.3 × 10^-5± 5.77 × 10^-5 b
水心 Watercore	0.0054 ± 0.009 a	0.00180 ± 0.0037 a	0.01386 ± 0.0026 a
样品 Sample	细胞膜 Plasma membrane （mg · g^-1 · min^-1）
样品 Sample	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	山梨醇 Sorbitol
水心前 Before watercore	0.0082 ± 0.0064 a	0.0267 ± 0.01137 a	-7.33 × 10^-5± 3.06 × 10^-5 b
水心 Watercore	-0.0013 ± 0.0237 a	0.01113 ± 0.0097 a	0.0032 ± 0.0008 a

样品 Sample	液泡膜 Tonoplast （mg · g^-1 · min^-1）
样品 Sample	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	山梨醇 Sorbitol
水心前 Before watercore	-0.0188 ± 0.014 a	-0.01627 ± 0.012 a	6.3 × 10^-5± 5.77 × 10^-5 b
水心 Watercore	0.0054 ± 0.009 a	0.00180 ± 0.0037 a	0.01386 ± 0.0026 a
样品 Sample	细胞膜 Plasma membrane （mg · g^-1 · min^-1）
样品 Sample	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	山梨醇 Sorbitol
水心前 Before watercore	0.0082 ± 0.0064 a	0.0267 ± 0.01137 a	-7.33 × 10^-5± 3.06 × 10^-5 b
水心 Watercore	-0.0013 ± 0.0237 a	0.01113 ± 0.0097 a	0.0032 ± 0.0008 a

样品Sample	组织 Tissue	液泡 Vacuole	细胞质Cytoplasm	细胞间隙 Free space	整个组织 Whole tissue	液泡膜Tonoplast
水心前 Before watercore	细胞质Cytoplasm	1.000^**
	细胞间隙Free space	0.999^*	0.999^*
	整个组织Whole tissue	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^*
	液泡膜Tonoplast	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000^*	1.000**
	细胞膜Plasma membrane	-0.198	-0.198	-0.163	-0.188	-0.189
水心 Watercore	细胞质Cytoplasm	-0.276
	细胞间隙Free space	-0.833	-0.302
	整个组织Whole tissue	-0.870	0.714	0.452
	液泡膜Tonoplast	-0.853	-0.267	0.999^*	0.484
	细胞膜Plasma membrane	-0.926	0.619	0.562	0.992	0.592