兰属植物资源与育种研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0943

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了兰属植物资源、育种研究现状及主要观赏性状改良的分子研究。中国是兰属植物的分布中心，在全球83个种中占有57个种，经过2 500多年的驯化形成了大量的传统品种。迄今为止，兰属植物的育种仍以传统的杂交育种为主，在RHS上登录的兰属植物杂交种已超过17 000个，经农业农村部授权的兰属植物新品种有43个。基因工程育种是兰属植物未来育种的重点方向，已通过转录组、基因组等挖掘出一批与主要观赏性状相关的结构基因和转录因子，部分基因还进行了功能验证，为兰属植物从传统育种转向分子育种奠定基础。

关键词: 兰属, 种质资源, 育种途径, 性状改良

Abstract:

This paper reviews the achievements of Cymbidium germplasm resources，breeding and the molecular research of main ornamental traits. Germplasm resources are the basis for the breeding of Cymbidium. China is the distribution center of this genus with 57 species out of 83 species in the world，and have been formed a large number of traditional varieties which domesticated since 2 500 years ago. To date，the breeding method is still focused on traditional hybridization. There are more than 17 000 Cymbidium hybrids registered on RHS，and 43 new Cymbidium cultivars authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. More importantly，Genetic engineering breeding will be the key direction of Cymbidium breeding in the future. A batch of structural genes and transcription factors involved in the main ornamental traits have been unearthed through transcriptome and genome and some of them have been functionally verified，which layed the foundation for the transformation of Cymbidium from traditional breeding to molecular breeding.

Key words: Cymbidium, germplasm resources, breeding approach, character improvement

中图分类号:

S682.31

徐婉, 林雅君, 赵荘, 周庄. 兰属植物资源与育种研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(12): 2722-2742.

XU Wan, LIN Yajun, ZHAO Zhuang, ZHOU Zhuang. Advances in Genetic Resources and Breeding Research of Cymbidium[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(12): 2722-2742.

图/表 4

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编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
1	C. acuminatum	WCSP	0	0	0
2	C. aliciae	WCSP	0	0	0
3	C. aloifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	23	32
4	C. atrolabium	WCSP	0	0	0
5	C. atropurpureum^a	FOC & WCSP	2	5	7
6	C. banaense	WCSP	0	0	0
7	C. baoshanense^a	FOC & WCSP	1	0	1
8	C. bicolor	WCSP	4	9	13
9	C. bicolor subsp. bicolor	WCSP	/	/	/
10	C. bicolor subsp. pubescens	WCSP	/	/	/
11	C. biflorens^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
12	C. borneense	WCSP	0	0	0
13	C. brevifolium^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
14	C. canaliculatum	WCSP	9	66	75
15	C. changningense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
16	C. chloranthum	WCSP	3	4	7
17	C. cochleare^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	1	1
18	C. codonanthum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
19	C. concinnum^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
20	C. crassifolium^a	WCSP	1	1	2
21	C. cyperifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	3	4
22	C. cyperifolium subsp. cyperifolium^a	WCSP	/	/	/
23	C. cyperifolium subsp. indochinense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
24	C. cyperifolium var. szechuanicum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	/	/	/
25	C. daweishanense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
26	C. dayanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	6	32	38
27	C. dayanum var. angustifolium	WCSP	/	/	/
28	C. dayanum var. dayanum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
29	C. defoliatum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
30	C. devonianum^a	FOC & WCSP	24	204	228
31	C. dianlan^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
32	C. eburneum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	33	33	66
33	C. elegans^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	14	13	27
34	C. elegans var. elegans^a	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
35	C. elegans var. lushuiense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
36	C. elongatum	WCSP	0	0	0
37	C. ensifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	51	32	83
38	C. erythraeum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	26	26	52
39	C. erythraeum var. erythraeum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
40	C. erythraeum var. falvum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
41	C. erythrostylum	WCSP	44	53	97
42	C. faberi^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	8	4	12
43	C. finlaysonianum^a	WCSP	6	16	22
44	C. floribundum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	172	115	287
45	C. formosanum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
46	C. gaoligongense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
47	C. goeringii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	67	27	94
48	C. haematodes^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
49	C. hartinahianum	WCSP	0	0	0
50	C. hookerianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	20	36	56
编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
51	C. induratifolium	WCSP	0	0	0
52	C. insigne^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	62	70	132
53	C. iridioides^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	15	33
54	C. jiangchengense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
55	C. kanran^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	10	22
56	C. lancifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	7	16
57	C. lii^a,b	WCSP	7	37	44
58	C. longipes	WCSP	0	0	0
59	C. lowianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	94	79	173
60	C. lowianum var. ailaoense^a,b	WCSP	/	/	/
61	C. lowianum var. kalawense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
62	C. lowianum var. lowianum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
63	C. macrorhizon^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
64	C. madidum	WCSP	41	44	85
65	C. maguanense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
66	C. mastersii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	36	54
67	C. micranthum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
68	C. munronianum	WCSP	4	3	7
69	C. nanulum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	0	2
70	C. omeiense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
71	C. parishii	WCSP	31	22	53
72	C. puerense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
73	C. qiubeiense^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	4	6
74	C. rectum	WCSP	1	3	4
75	C. recurvatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
76	C. repens	WCSP	0	0	0
77	C. roseum	WCSP	1	3	4
78	C. sanderae	WCSP	36	44	80
79	C. schroederi^a	FOC & WCSP	3	7	10
80	C. seidenfadenii	WCSP	4	11	15
81	C. serratum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	3	3
82	C. shidianense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
83	C. sichuanicum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
84	C. sigmoideum	WCSP	0	0	0
85	C. sinense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	78	48	126
86	C. suave	WCSP	7	33	40
87	C. suavissimum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	4	2	6
88	C. tamphianum	WCSP	0	0	0
89	C. teretipetiolatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
90	C. tigrinum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	16	37	53
91	C. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	4	16
92	C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
93	C. tortisepalum var. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
94	C. tracyanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	37	96	133
95	C. viride	WCSP	0	0	0
96	C. wadae	WCSP	9	2	11
97	C. wenshanense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	4	5
98	C. whiteae	WCSP	0	0	0
99	C. wilsonii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	1	2
100	C. xichouense^a,b	Xu et al.，2021	0	0	0

编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
1	C. acuminatum	WCSP	0	0	0
2	C. aliciae	WCSP	0	0	0
3	C. aloifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	23	32
4	C. atrolabium	WCSP	0	0	0
5	C. atropurpureum^a	FOC & WCSP	2	5	7
6	C. banaense	WCSP	0	0	0
7	C. baoshanense^a	FOC & WCSP	1	0	1
8	C. bicolor	WCSP	4	9	13
9	C. bicolor subsp. bicolor	WCSP	/	/	/
10	C. bicolor subsp. pubescens	WCSP	/	/	/
11	C. biflorens^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
12	C. borneense	WCSP	0	0	0
13	C. brevifolium^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
14	C. canaliculatum	WCSP	9	66	75
15	C. changningense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
16	C. chloranthum	WCSP	3	4	7
17	C. cochleare^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	1	1
18	C. codonanthum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
19	C. concinnum^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
20	C. crassifolium^a	WCSP	1	1	2
21	C. cyperifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	3	4
22	C. cyperifolium subsp. cyperifolium^a	WCSP	/	/	/
23	C. cyperifolium subsp. indochinense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
24	C. cyperifolium var. szechuanicum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	/	/	/
25	C. daweishanense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
26	C. dayanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	6	32	38
27	C. dayanum var. angustifolium	WCSP	/	/	/
28	C. dayanum var. dayanum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
29	C. defoliatum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
30	C. devonianum^a	FOC & WCSP	24	204	228
31	C. dianlan^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
32	C. eburneum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	33	33	66
33	C. elegans^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	14	13	27
34	C. elegans var. elegans^a	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
35	C. elegans var. lushuiense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
36	C. elongatum	WCSP	0	0	0
37	C. ensifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	51	32	83
38	C. erythraeum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	26	26	52
39	C. erythraeum var. erythraeum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
40	C. erythraeum var. falvum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
41	C. erythrostylum	WCSP	44	53	97
42	C. faberi^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	8	4	12
43	C. finlaysonianum^a	WCSP	6	16	22
44	C. floribundum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	172	115	287
45	C. formosanum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
46	C. gaoligongense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
47	C. goeringii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	67	27	94
48	C. haematodes^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
49	C. hartinahianum	WCSP	0	0	0
50	C. hookerianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	20	36	56
编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
51	C. induratifolium	WCSP	0	0	0
52	C. insigne^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	62	70	132
53	C. iridioides^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	15	33
54	C. jiangchengense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
55	C. kanran^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	10	22
56	C. lancifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	7	16
57	C. lii^a,b	WCSP	7	37	44
58	C. longipes	WCSP	0	0	0
59	C. lowianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	94	79	173
60	C. lowianum var. ailaoense^a,b	WCSP	/	/	/
61	C. lowianum var. kalawense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
62	C. lowianum var. lowianum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
63	C. macrorhizon^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
64	C. madidum	WCSP	41	44	85
65	C. maguanense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
66	C. mastersii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	36	54
67	C. micranthum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
68	C. munronianum	WCSP	4	3	7
69	C. nanulum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	0	2
70	C. omeiense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
71	C. parishii	WCSP	31	22	53
72	C. puerense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
73	C. qiubeiense^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	4	6
74	C. rectum	WCSP	1	3	4
75	C. recurvatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
76	C. repens	WCSP	0	0	0
77	C. roseum	WCSP	1	3	4
78	C. sanderae	WCSP	36	44	80
79	C. schroederi^a	FOC & WCSP	3	7	10
80	C. seidenfadenii	WCSP	4	11	15
81	C. serratum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	3	3
82	C. shidianense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
83	C. sichuanicum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
84	C. sigmoideum	WCSP	0	0	0
85	C. sinense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	78	48	126
86	C. suave	WCSP	7	33	40
87	C. suavissimum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	4	2	6
88	C. tamphianum	WCSP	0	0	0
89	C. teretipetiolatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
90	C. tigrinum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	16	37	53
91	C. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	4	16
92	C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
93	C. tortisepalum var. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
94	C. tracyanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	37	96	133
95	C. viride	WCSP	0	0	0
96	C. wadae	WCSP	9	2	11
97	C. wenshanense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	4	5
98	C. whiteae	WCSP	0	0	0
99	C. wilsonii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	1	2
100	C. xichouense^a,b	Xu et al.，2021	0	0	0

序号 No.	省 Province	资源库 Germplasm resource center	保存植物 Genus	种或品种/个 Species or cultivars	保存数/份 Number	核心区面积/hm² Area of core zone	批次 Batch
1	福建 Fujian	福建省连城县连城兰花股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Fujian Liancheng Orchid Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	250	/	26.67	1
2	广东 Guangdong	广东省汕头市澄海区广东远东国兰股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Yuandong Guolan Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	1 380	/	1.33	1
3	广东 Guangdong	广东省广州市白云区广东省农业科学院国家蝴蝶兰、墨兰种质资源库 National Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium sinense Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	蝴蝶兰属、兰属等 Phalaenopsis，Cymbidium	/	1 264	93.44	1
4	云南 Yunnan	云南省昆明市盘龙区云南野生兰收藏基地有限公司国家兰属种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Yunnan Wild Orchid Collection Base Co.，Ltd	兰属 Cymbidium	580	/	10.00	1
5	江苏 Jiangsu	江苏省扬州市农业科学研究院国家春兰、蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences	兰属 Cymbidium	/	622	/	2
6	湖南 Hunan	湖南省园艺研究所国家蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Hunan Horticultural research institute	兰属 Cymbidium	/	1 000	/	2

序号 No.	省 Province	资源库 Germplasm resource center	保存植物 Genus	种或品种/个 Species or cultivars	保存数/份 Number	核心区面积/hm² Area of core zone	批次 Batch
1	福建 Fujian	福建省连城县连城兰花股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Fujian Liancheng Orchid Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	250	/	26.67	1
2	广东 Guangdong	广东省汕头市澄海区广东远东国兰股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Yuandong Guolan Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	1 380	/	1.33	1
3	广东 Guangdong	广东省广州市白云区广东省农业科学院国家蝴蝶兰、墨兰种质资源库 National Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium sinense Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	蝴蝶兰属、兰属等 Phalaenopsis，Cymbidium	/	1 264	93.44	1
4	云南 Yunnan	云南省昆明市盘龙区云南野生兰收藏基地有限公司国家兰属种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Yunnan Wild Orchid Collection Base Co.，Ltd	兰属 Cymbidium	580	/	10.00	1
5	江苏 Jiangsu	江苏省扬州市农业科学研究院国家春兰、蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences	兰属 Cymbidium	/	622	/	2
6	湖南 Hunan	湖南省园艺研究所国家蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Hunan Horticultural research institute	兰属 Cymbidium	/	1 000	/	2

编号No.	属名Genus	作为母本Seed parent	作为父本Pollen parent	总数Total
1	豹斑兰属Ansellia	2	5	7
2	双柄兰属Bifrenaria	1	0	1
3	厚叶石斛属Bolbidium	0	1	1
4	龙须兰属Catasetum	0	2	2
5	龙须克劳兰属Clowesetum	0	1	1
6	蕙皓兰属Cymphiella	2	0	2
7	美冠兰属Eulophia	1	0	1
8	拟美冠兰属Eulophiella	0	1	1
9	斑被兰属Grammatophyllum	9	32	41
10	鸽兰属Peristeria	0	1	1
11	鹤顶兰属Phaius	2	1	3
12	豹皮兰属Promenaea	1	0	1
13	轭瓣兰属Zygopetalum	1	1	2