园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 2133-2154.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0995
李诗1, 兰嘉仪1, 杨廷1, 付稳1, 朱程红1, 杨莎2, 徐昊3, 刘峰2, 熊程3, 邹学校1,2,3, 戴雄泽1,2,3,*()
收稿日期:
2025-03-13
修回日期:
2025-06-03
出版日期:
2025-08-25
发布日期:
2025-08-19
通讯作者:
基金资助:
LI Shi1, LAN Jiayi1, YANG Ting1, FU Wen1, ZHU Chenghong1, YANG Sha2, XU Hao3, LIU Feng2, XIONG Cheng3, ZOU Xuexiao1,2,3, and DAI Xiongze1,2,3,*()
Received:
2025-03-13
Revised:
2025-06-03
Published:
2025-08-25
Online:
2025-08-19
摘要:
综述了对辣椒的主要挥发性物质种类及香味特性、影响因素和5个栽培种香味物质积累特点等。鲜辣椒、干辣椒和辣椒粉的主要挥发性物质有153种,共有的主要挥发性物质有54种,主要是萜类、酯类、醛类、醇类和酮类等物质,吡嗪类和含硫类为辣椒的特异性香味物质。C. annuum、C. frutescens和C. chinense等3个栽培种的挥发性物质种类明显多于C. pubescens,特别是酯类物质明显增多,这可能是品种驯化和培育的结果。未来将进一步明确辣椒品质特异性香味物质、鉴定相关基因、阐明与进化的关系,深度挖掘现有的特异香味种质资源,培育特殊香味的辣椒新品种。
李诗, 兰嘉仪, 杨廷, 付稳, 朱程红, 杨莎, 徐昊, 刘峰, 熊程, 邹学校, 戴雄泽. 辣椒挥发性物质研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(8): 2133-2154.
LI Shi, LAN Jiayi, YANG Ting, FU Wen, ZHU Chenghong, YANG Sha, XU Hao, LIU Feng, XIONG Cheng, ZOU Xuexiao, and DAI Xiongze. Research Advances of Volatiles in Capsicum Species[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 2133-2154.
主要挥发性物质名称 Major VOCs | 鲜辣椒 Fresh pepper | 干辣椒 Dried pepper | 辣椒粉 Pepper powder | 香味 Aroma profile | 参考文献 References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酯类 Carboxylic acid esters(38) | |||||
(Z)-2-甲基丁酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | * | * | 果香 Fruity | Pino et al., |
己酸己酯 Hexyl hexanoate | *** | ** | ** | 果香和青香Fruity-green | Pino et al., |
戊酸己酯 Hexyl pentanoate | *** | * | ** | 苹果香 Apples | Pino et al., |
2-甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | *** | ** | 水果、青香和黑胡椒香 Fruity-green and piperaceous | Simian et al., |
水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate | *** | * | *** | 强烈冬青油香 Intense methyl salicylate-like odor | Buttery et al., |
2-甲基丁酸庚酯 Heptyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | * | 果香 Generic fruity notes | Pino et al., | |
3-甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 3-methylbutanoate | * | ** | 水果香和未成熟水果青香 Fruity-unripe duality | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
丁酸己酯 Hexyl butanoate | *** | * | 苹果或者菠萝的香味 Apples or pineapples | Pino et al., | |
戊酸庚酯 Heptyl pentanoate | ** | * | 苹果香 Apples | Forero et al., | |
亚油酸甲酯 Methyl linoleate | ** | * | 氧化后有不太愉快的气味 Aldehydic off-odor post-oxidation | 张恩让 等, | |
异戊酸己酯 Hexyl isopentanoate | *** | * | 苹果和梨的香 Apples and pears | Pino et al., | |
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactinidiolide | * | *** | 香豆素、麝香 Coumarin-musky,undertones | 熊学斌 等, | |
(Z)-3-甲基丁酸己烯酯 (Z)-Hexenyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 水果香 Crisp fruitiness | Sosa-Moguel et al., | ||
(Z)-丁酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl butanoate | ** | 果香 Fruity | Pino et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香 Fruity | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香 Fruity | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香、甜香味 Fruity-sweet | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2-甲基丙酸3-甲基-2-酯 3-Methyl-2-butyl 2-methylpropionate | ★ | 果香、甜香味 Fruity-sweet | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
2-甲基丁酸戊酯 Pentyl 2-methylbutanoate | ** | 苹果香、热带水果香 Apples,tropical fruit | Pino et al., | ||
3-甲基-2-丁酸丁酯 3-Methyl-2-butyl butanoate | ★ | 果香味 Fruit | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
3-甲基丁酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香,桃香味 Fruit,peachs | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
3-甲基丁酸庚酯 Heptyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 水果香 Fruit | Sosa-Moguel et al., | ||
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methylpentanoate | ★ | 果香、异域香味 Fruity,exotic | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
4-甲基-2-戊烯酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl-4- methyl-2-pentenoate | ★ | 水果香或花香 Fruity-floral dichotomy | Pino et al., | ||
8-甲基-6-壬烯酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 8-Methylnon-6-enoate | ★ | 水果香、花香和青香等混合香气 Fruity-floral-green triad | Pino et al., | ||
4-甲基戊酸-4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 4-methylpentanoate | ★ | 肥皂香,淡淡的水果香 Soapy,weak fruity | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
4-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate | ** | 果香,异域香味 Fruity,exotic | Pino et al., | ||
(E)-6-甲基-4-庚烯酯 (E)-6-Methyl-4-heptenoate | ★ | 果香 Fruit | Murakami et al., | ||
γ-丁内酯 γ-Butyrolactone | ★ | 淡淡的焦糖或奶油香 Caramel-cream nuance | 李达 等, | ||
苯甲酸己酯 Hexyl benzoate | ** | 淡淡的、甜美的花香 Subtle floralcy | Pino et al., | ||
己酸异戊酯 Isopentyl hexanoate | ** | 苹果和香蕉香 Apples and bananas | Pino et al., | ||
戊酸乙酯 Ethyl pentanoate | ★ | 苹果或者李子香 Apples or plums | 杜勃峰 等, | ||
乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate | ** | 苹果或者梨香 Apples or pears | Pino et al., | ||
异己酸己酯 Hexyl isohexanoate | ★ | 水果和奶油香 Fruit-cream | Forero et al., | ||
异戊酸异戊酯 Isopentyl isopentanoate | ** | 苹果和梨香 Apples and pears | Pino et al., | ||
邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 Diisobutyl phthalate | ** | 无特殊香味 No distinctive aroma | 熊学斌 等, | ||
乙酸甲酯 Methyl acetate | ** | 芳香 Aromatic complexity | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
(Z)-异戊酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl isopentanoate | *** | 柑橘香 Citrus zest | Pino et al., | ||
酮类 Ketone compounds(13) | |||||
1-戊烯-3-酮 1-Penten-3-one | ** | ** | * | 洋葱等刺激性气味 Alliaceous pungency | Luning et al., |
1-辛烯-3-酮 1-Octen-3-one | * | ** | ** | 蘑菇香、土壤或金属的气味Fungal-mineral axis | Zimmermann & Schieberle, |
2,3-丁二酮 2,3-Butanedione | * | ** | ** | 焦糖味、甜香味 Maillard sweetness | Luning et al., |
2,4-戊二酮 2,3-Pentanedione | ** | ** | * | 果香、甜味、焦糖味 Fruit-sweet-caramel triad | Luning et al., |
2-庚酮 2-Heptanone | *** | *** | * | 香蕉香、奶油或者甜香 Banana,cream or sweet | Buttery et al., |
3-庚烯-2-酮 3-Hepten-2-one | * | ** | * | 奶油和奶酪味 Buttery and cheesy | Pino et al., |
3-戊烯-2-酮 3-Penten-2-one | * | ** | * | 花香、柑橘香 Floral-citrus | Luning et al., |
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | * | *** | 青香、水果香 Green and fruit | Luning et al., | |
1-壬烯-3-酮 1-Nonen-3-one | ** | 强烈的油脂气味 Intense oily odor | 斯波, | ||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | ** | 丁香或草莓香 Clove-like or strawberry | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
2-戊酮 2-Pentanone | ** | 稍微甜香或果香 Slightly sweet or fruity | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
3,5-辛二烯-2-酮 3,5-Octadien-2-one | ** | 水果香和淡淡的花香 Fruity and subtle floral | Korkmaz et al., | ||
3-羟基-4,5-二甲基- 2(5H) -呋喃酮 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)- furanone | ** | 玫瑰、蜂蜜甜味 Rose and honey-like sweetness | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | ||
萜类 Terpenoids(37) | |||||
β-月桂烯(β-麦烯)β-Myrcene | *** | *** | * | 柑橘或者李香Citrus or plum | Luning et al., |
(E)-β-紫罗兰酮 (E)-β-Ionone | *** | *** | * | 水果香,花香Fruity,floral | Zimmermann & Schieberle, |
3-蒈烯 3-Carene | ** | ** | ** | 松木香、甜椒香 Pinewood and bell pepper | Luning et al., |
β-榄香烯 β-Elemene | * | ** | ** | 辛辣茴香 Pungent fennel | Moreno et al., |
γ-雪松烯 γ-Himachalene | ** | ** | * | 香柏香 Cedar | Forero et al., |
(E)-α-紫罗兰酮(E)-α-Ionone | *** | ** | * | 花香 Floral | Pino et al., |
芳樟醇linalool | *** | *** | *** | 柑橘香,果香,花香 Citrus,fruity,floral | Buttery et al., |
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene | *** | ** | * | 草香、花香 Grassy,floral | Buttery et al., |
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene | *** | *** | * | 绿叶或柑橘香 Green leaf or citrus | Wu & Liou, |
柠檬烯limonene | *** | *** | * | 柠檬香、柑橘味 Lemon and citrus | Buttery et al., |
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene | *** | * | * | 清新、类似松树或杜松香 Fresh,pine or juniper-like aroma | Forero et al., |
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene | * | ** | * | 奶香、柑橘香 Milky and citrus | Pino et al., |
β-雪松烯 β-Himachalene | ** | * | *** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Forero et al., |
β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral | ** | *** | 杏仁香、杧果香 Almond and mango | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
藏红花醛 Safranal | ** | * | 甜、草本和花香 Sweet,herbal,and floral | 斯波, | |
反-橙花叔醇 trans-Nerolidol | ** | * | 黑胡椒香、橙花香 Black pepper and orange blossom | 熊学斌 等, | |
(E)-β-法尼烯 (E)-β-Farnesene | ** | * | 轻微甜味、木质或绿叶的香 Subtle sweetness,woody or green leaf | Pino et al., | |
茴香脑 Anethole | * | ** | 甜润的茴香Sweet and fragrant fennel | 熊学斌 等, | |
9-epi-E-石竹烯 9-epi-E-Caryophyllene | ** | * | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | 斯波, | |
α-雪松烯 α-Himachalene | *** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Pino et al., | |
α-荜澄茄烯 α-Cubebene | ** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
α-胡椒烯 α-Copaene | ** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol | ** | ** | 甜美、类似花香或柑橘香 Sweet,floral - like or citrus - like aroma | Pino et al., | |
香桧烯Sabinene | ** | * | 辛辣、带有木质感香Pungent with woody undertones | Forero et al., | |
α-长叶蒎烯α-Longipinene | *** | 木质、土壤香 Woody and earthy | 斯波, | ||
大根香叶烯D Daucol D | ★ | 薄荷香、甜味 Minty and sweet | Pino et al., | ||
β-香茅醇β-Citronellol | ** | 花香或柑橘香Floral or citrus | 斯波, | ||
α-毕橙茄醇(α-角柏醇) α-Cadinol | ** | 木质或土壤香 Woody or earthy | Pino et al., | ||
吉马烯D Germacrene D | *** | 淡淡的土壤香或木质香 Subtle earthy or woody | Pino et al., | ||
茨烯Camphene | ** | 松树或者类似樟脑香 Pine or camphor - like aroma | Forero et al., | ||
α-葎草烯 α-Humulene | *** | 松树或者类似樟脑香 Pine or camphor - like aroma | Pino et al., | ||
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | *** | 烧烤香味 Roasted aroma | Luning et al., | ||
β-荜澄茄烯(β-荜蓝烯)β-Cubebene | *** | 松木香 Pine wood | Pino et al., | ||
δ-杜松烯(δ-角柏烯)δ-Cadinene | *** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Pino et al., | ||
7,8-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮 7,8-Dehydro-β-ionone | ★ | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
桉叶脑 1,8-Cineol | ★ | 水果香,花香 Fruity,floral | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
褐藻烯Ectocarpene | ★ | 薄荷香 Peppermint scent | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
醛类 Aldehydes(25) | |||||
5-甲基糠醛 5-Methylfurfural | ** | 焦糖或面包香 Caramel or bread | Korkmaz et al., | ||
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal | * | ** | * | 青香、醛香 Green and aldehydic aromas | Forero et al., |
(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal | *** | ** | * | 果香、绿叶青香 Fruity and green leaf | Buttery et al., |
2-甲基丙醛2-Methyl-propanal | * | *** | * | 焦糖或烘烤面包香 Caramel or toasted bread | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
2-甲基丁醛2-Methylbutanal | ** | *** | ** | 焦糖或烘烤面包香 Caramel or toasted bread | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-Nonenal | *** | * | * | 黄瓜味、木香味 Cucumber,musty | Luning et al., |
3-甲基丁醛3-Methyl butanal | ** | ** | *** | 椒香、坚果香 Peppery and nutty | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde | ** | *** | * | 果香 Fruity | Buttery et al., |
苯乙醛Phenylacetaldehyde | * | *** | * | 强烈的类似杏仁香 Intense almond-like aroma | Buttery et al., |
丁醛Butanal | * | ** | * | 苦杏仁或者新鲜的果皮香 Bitter almond or fresh peel | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
庚醛Heptanal | ** | *** | * | 花朵或新鲜果皮香 Floral or fresh peel | Luning et al., |
癸醛Decanal | * | *** | ** | 脂肪、花果香 Fatty,floral,and fruity | Luning et al., |
己醛Hexanal | *** | *** | *** | 绿叶或者切割草的香气 Green leaf or cut grass | Buttery et al., |
壬醛Nonanal | ** | *** | ** | 柑橘香、玫瑰香 Citrus and rose | Wu & Liou, |
戊醛Pentanal | ** | *** | * | 青果皮香、脂香 Green peel and fatty | Luning et al., |
辛醛Octanal | ** | *** | * | 清新、甜香 Fresh and sweet | Buttery et al., |
十五醛Pentadecanal | *** | * | 肥皂香 Soapy | Pino et al., | |
十四烷醛Tetradecanal | ** | * | 烘烤、坚果般香 Toasted and nutty | Pino et al., | |
(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal | * | ** | 油炸食品或烘烤面包香 Fried food or baked bread | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | |
(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛(E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | *** | ** | 黄瓜香味 Cucumber | Buttery et al., | |
(E)-2-癸烯醛 (E)-2-Decenal | ** | * | 柑橘香 Citrus | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
(E)-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-Octenal | * | ** | 脂香、肉香 Fatty and meaty | 熊学斌 等, | |
丙醛Propanal | ** | * | 切割青草或新鲜的黄瓜香 Cut grass or fresh cucumber | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
(Z)-2-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal | * | *** | 绿叶或黄瓜香 Green leaf or cucumber | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
糠醛(呋喃醛)Furfural | * | *** | ** | 杏仁香或糖类燃烧特殊香 Almond or burnt sugar - like scent | Buttery et al., |
醇类 Hydroxy compounds(14) | |||||
1-戊醇1-Pentanol | ** | * | * | 果香 Fruity | Luning et al., |
1-戊烯-3-醇1-Penten-3-ol | ** | *** | * | 果香 Fruity | Luning et al., |
2-乙基-1-己醇2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | * | ** | * | 甜的、花香或者果香 Sweet,floral,or fruity | Luning et al., |
1-丁醇1-Butanol | * | ** | * | 强烈的香蕉或者李香 Intense banana or plum | Luning et al., |
1-己醇1-Hexanol | *** | *** | * | 水果味、草药味、肉香味 Fruity,herbal,and meaty | Luning et al., |
1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol | ** | * | ** | 蘑菇味、青香Mushroom and green | Luning et al., |
3-甲基-1-丁醇3-Methyl-1-butanol | * | ** | * | 脂香味 Fatty | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
己醇Hexanol | ** | * | * | 绿叶或者切割草的香气 Green leaf or cut grass aroma | Wu & Liou, |
苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol | * | *** | 微弱芳香 Faint aromatic notes | 张恩让 等, | |
3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol | ** | ** | 脂香味 Fatty | Liu et al., | |
(Z)-3-己烯醇 (Z)-3-Hexenol | *** | * | 草味、生菜味、黄瓜味 Grass,lettuce,and cucumber | Luning et al., | |
4-甲基-1-戊醇 4-Methyl-1-pentanol | * | ** | 果香、青香、可可香 Fruity,green,and cocoa | Bogusz et al, | |
3,3-二甲基环己醇3,3-Dimethylcyclohexanol | ** | 木香、草药香 Costus root and herbal fragrance | Pino et al., | ||
(E)-2-己烯醇 (E)-2-Hexenol | *** | 杏仁味、水果味、辛辣 Almond,fruity,and pungent | Wu & Liou, | ||
吡嗪类 Pyrazines(8) | |||||
2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪2-Methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine | *** | * | *** | 烤香、坚果香、爆米花香Toasted,nutty,and popcorn-like aromas | Buttery et al., |
2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine | *** | * | * | 青草或者绿豆荚香 Green grass or green bean pod | Luning et al., |
2-甲基吡嗪2-Methylpyrazine | * | ** | 坚果香、烤香、土壤香Nutty,toasted,and earthy | 斯波, | |
2,6-二甲基吡嗪2,6-Dimethylpyrazine | *** | * | 烘焙面包或者烤坚果香 Baked bread or roasted nut | 李达, | |
3-异丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ** | 红椒辛香,清香,泥土味 Paprika,green,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Secbutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ★ | 青草香,泥土味Green,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
6,7-二氢-2-甲基-5(H) -环戊二烯吡嗪6,7-Dihydro-2- methyl-5H-cyclopentapyrazine | ** | 明显的草味 Pronounced grassy notes | 斯波, | ||
3-异丙基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ★ | 豌豆味,泥土味 Peasy,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
酸类 Acids(4) | |||||
3-甲基丁酸3-Methylbutanoic acid | * | ** | 强烈、类似汗臭不愉快气味Intense,unpleasant sweaty odor | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
乙酸Acetic acid | ** | * | 酸味、类似醋味 Sour,vinegar-like odor | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
2-甲基丙酸2-Methylpropionic acid | ** | ** | 较弱、略带酸味 Weak,slightly sour notes | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid | *** | * | 蜡味 Waxy | Pino et al., | |
其他 Others(14) | |||||
对二甲苯p-Xylene | ** | ** | ** | 油漆或塑料气味 Paint or plastic | Wu & Liou, |
二甲基三硫醚Dimethyltrisulphide | * | ** | * | 洋葱和煮熟的番茄味 Onion and boiled tomato | Luning et al., |
2-戊基呋喃2-Pentylfuran | *** | ** | * | 绿豆味、黄油味 Green bean and buttery | Buttery et al., |
二甲基二硫醚Dimethyldisulphide | * | ** | 烂鸡蛋气味 Rotten egg | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
1-甲基吡咯1-Methylpyrrole | ** | * | 草本、烟熏、木质混合气味 Herbal,smoky,and woody blend | Korkmaz et al., | |
2-甲基呋喃2-Methylfuran | ** | * | 焦糖或者果壳香 Caramel or husk | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
愈创木酚Guaiacol | * | * | 熟食香味,烟熏味 Cooked,smoky | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | |
3-羟基吡啶3-Hydroxypyridine | ** | 焦苦味 Burnt and bitter | 斯波, | ||
2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline | ** | 烘焙面包或熟谷物香 Baked bread or cooked grain | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | ||
3-甲基吲哚 3-Methylindole | ** | 强烈、不太愉快气味 Intense,unpleasant odor | Mazida et al., | ||
2-戊基-噻吩2-Pentyl-thiophene | ★ | 霉味 Musty | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
二甲基茴香醚(二甲醚)Dimethylanisole | ★ | 霉味,木香味 Musty,woody | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2-庚硫醇2-Heptanethiol | ** | 红椒辛香,清香,焦油味 Paprika,green,kerosene | Simian et al., | ||
2-乙基呋喃2-Ethylfuran | ** | 焦香味 Burnt | Wu & Liou, |
表1 辣椒果实中的主要挥发性物质
Table 1 Major volatile compounds in Capsicum species
主要挥发性物质名称 Major VOCs | 鲜辣椒 Fresh pepper | 干辣椒 Dried pepper | 辣椒粉 Pepper powder | 香味 Aroma profile | 参考文献 References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
酯类 Carboxylic acid esters(38) | |||||
(Z)-2-甲基丁酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | * | * | 果香 Fruity | Pino et al., |
己酸己酯 Hexyl hexanoate | *** | ** | ** | 果香和青香Fruity-green | Pino et al., |
戊酸己酯 Hexyl pentanoate | *** | * | ** | 苹果香 Apples | Pino et al., |
2-甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | *** | ** | 水果、青香和黑胡椒香 Fruity-green and piperaceous | Simian et al., |
水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate | *** | * | *** | 强烈冬青油香 Intense methyl salicylate-like odor | Buttery et al., |
2-甲基丁酸庚酯 Heptyl 2-methylbutanoate | *** | * | 果香 Generic fruity notes | Pino et al., | |
3-甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 3-methylbutanoate | * | ** | 水果香和未成熟水果青香 Fruity-unripe duality | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
丁酸己酯 Hexyl butanoate | *** | * | 苹果或者菠萝的香味 Apples or pineapples | Pino et al., | |
戊酸庚酯 Heptyl pentanoate | ** | * | 苹果香 Apples | Forero et al., | |
亚油酸甲酯 Methyl linoleate | ** | * | 氧化后有不太愉快的气味 Aldehydic off-odor post-oxidation | 张恩让 等, | |
异戊酸己酯 Hexyl isopentanoate | *** | * | 苹果和梨的香 Apples and pears | Pino et al., | |
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactinidiolide | * | *** | 香豆素、麝香 Coumarin-musky,undertones | 熊学斌 等, | |
(Z)-3-甲基丁酸己烯酯 (Z)-Hexenyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 水果香 Crisp fruitiness | Sosa-Moguel et al., | ||
(Z)-丁酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl butanoate | ** | 果香 Fruity | Pino et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸己酯 Hexyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香 Fruity | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香 Fruity | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
2/3甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香、甜香味 Fruity-sweet | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2-甲基丙酸3-甲基-2-酯 3-Methyl-2-butyl 2-methylpropionate | ★ | 果香、甜香味 Fruity-sweet | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
2-甲基丁酸戊酯 Pentyl 2-methylbutanoate | ** | 苹果香、热带水果香 Apples,tropical fruit | Pino et al., | ||
3-甲基-2-丁酸丁酯 3-Methyl-2-butyl butanoate | ★ | 果香味 Fruit | Kollmannsberger et al., | ||
3-甲基丁酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 果香,桃香味 Fruit,peachs | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
3-甲基丁酸庚酯 Heptyl 3-methylbutanoate | ★ | 水果香 Fruit | Sosa-Moguel et al., | ||
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methylpentanoate | ★ | 果香、异域香味 Fruity,exotic | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
4-甲基-2-戊烯酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl-4- methyl-2-pentenoate | ★ | 水果香或花香 Fruity-floral dichotomy | Pino et al., | ||
8-甲基-6-壬烯酸4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 8-Methylnon-6-enoate | ★ | 水果香、花香和青香等混合香气 Fruity-floral-green triad | Pino et al., | ||
4-甲基戊酸-4-甲基戊酯 4-Methylpentyl 4-methylpentanoate | ★ | 肥皂香,淡淡的水果香 Soapy,weak fruity | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
4-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate | ** | 果香,异域香味 Fruity,exotic | Pino et al., | ||
(E)-6-甲基-4-庚烯酯 (E)-6-Methyl-4-heptenoate | ★ | 果香 Fruit | Murakami et al., | ||
γ-丁内酯 γ-Butyrolactone | ★ | 淡淡的焦糖或奶油香 Caramel-cream nuance | 李达 等, | ||
苯甲酸己酯 Hexyl benzoate | ** | 淡淡的、甜美的花香 Subtle floralcy | Pino et al., | ||
己酸异戊酯 Isopentyl hexanoate | ** | 苹果和香蕉香 Apples and bananas | Pino et al., | ||
戊酸乙酯 Ethyl pentanoate | ★ | 苹果或者李子香 Apples or plums | 杜勃峰 等, | ||
乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate | ** | 苹果或者梨香 Apples or pears | Pino et al., | ||
异己酸己酯 Hexyl isohexanoate | ★ | 水果和奶油香 Fruit-cream | Forero et al., | ||
异戊酸异戊酯 Isopentyl isopentanoate | ** | 苹果和梨香 Apples and pears | Pino et al., | ||
邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯 Diisobutyl phthalate | ** | 无特殊香味 No distinctive aroma | 熊学斌 等, | ||
乙酸甲酯 Methyl acetate | ** | 芳香 Aromatic complexity | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
(Z)-异戊酸3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl isopentanoate | *** | 柑橘香 Citrus zest | Pino et al., | ||
酮类 Ketone compounds(13) | |||||
1-戊烯-3-酮 1-Penten-3-one | ** | ** | * | 洋葱等刺激性气味 Alliaceous pungency | Luning et al., |
1-辛烯-3-酮 1-Octen-3-one | * | ** | ** | 蘑菇香、土壤或金属的气味Fungal-mineral axis | Zimmermann & Schieberle, |
2,3-丁二酮 2,3-Butanedione | * | ** | ** | 焦糖味、甜香味 Maillard sweetness | Luning et al., |
2,4-戊二酮 2,3-Pentanedione | ** | ** | * | 果香、甜味、焦糖味 Fruit-sweet-caramel triad | Luning et al., |
2-庚酮 2-Heptanone | *** | *** | * | 香蕉香、奶油或者甜香 Banana,cream or sweet | Buttery et al., |
3-庚烯-2-酮 3-Hepten-2-one | * | ** | * | 奶油和奶酪味 Buttery and cheesy | Pino et al., |
3-戊烯-2-酮 3-Penten-2-one | * | ** | * | 花香、柑橘香 Floral-citrus | Luning et al., |
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | * | *** | 青香、水果香 Green and fruit | Luning et al., | |
1-壬烯-3-酮 1-Nonen-3-one | ** | 强烈的油脂气味 Intense oily odor | 斯波, | ||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | ** | 丁香或草莓香 Clove-like or strawberry | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
2-戊酮 2-Pentanone | ** | 稍微甜香或果香 Slightly sweet or fruity | Van Ruth & Roozen, | ||
3,5-辛二烯-2-酮 3,5-Octadien-2-one | ** | 水果香和淡淡的花香 Fruity and subtle floral | Korkmaz et al., | ||
3-羟基-4,5-二甲基- 2(5H) -呋喃酮 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)- furanone | ** | 玫瑰、蜂蜜甜味 Rose and honey-like sweetness | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | ||
萜类 Terpenoids(37) | |||||
β-月桂烯(β-麦烯)β-Myrcene | *** | *** | * | 柑橘或者李香Citrus or plum | Luning et al., |
(E)-β-紫罗兰酮 (E)-β-Ionone | *** | *** | * | 水果香,花香Fruity,floral | Zimmermann & Schieberle, |
3-蒈烯 3-Carene | ** | ** | ** | 松木香、甜椒香 Pinewood and bell pepper | Luning et al., |
β-榄香烯 β-Elemene | * | ** | ** | 辛辣茴香 Pungent fennel | Moreno et al., |
γ-雪松烯 γ-Himachalene | ** | ** | * | 香柏香 Cedar | Forero et al., |
(E)-α-紫罗兰酮(E)-α-Ionone | *** | ** | * | 花香 Floral | Pino et al., |
芳樟醇linalool | *** | *** | *** | 柑橘香,果香,花香 Citrus,fruity,floral | Buttery et al., |
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene | *** | ** | * | 草香、花香 Grassy,floral | Buttery et al., |
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene | *** | *** | * | 绿叶或柑橘香 Green leaf or citrus | Wu & Liou, |
柠檬烯limonene | *** | *** | * | 柠檬香、柑橘味 Lemon and citrus | Buttery et al., |
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene | *** | * | * | 清新、类似松树或杜松香 Fresh,pine or juniper-like aroma | Forero et al., |
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene | * | ** | * | 奶香、柑橘香 Milky and citrus | Pino et al., |
β-雪松烯 β-Himachalene | ** | * | *** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Forero et al., |
β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral | ** | *** | 杏仁香、杧果香 Almond and mango | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
藏红花醛 Safranal | ** | * | 甜、草本和花香 Sweet,herbal,and floral | 斯波, | |
反-橙花叔醇 trans-Nerolidol | ** | * | 黑胡椒香、橙花香 Black pepper and orange blossom | 熊学斌 等, | |
(E)-β-法尼烯 (E)-β-Farnesene | ** | * | 轻微甜味、木质或绿叶的香 Subtle sweetness,woody or green leaf | Pino et al., | |
茴香脑 Anethole | * | ** | 甜润的茴香Sweet and fragrant fennel | 熊学斌 等, | |
9-epi-E-石竹烯 9-epi-E-Caryophyllene | ** | * | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | 斯波, | |
α-雪松烯 α-Himachalene | *** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Pino et al., | |
α-荜澄茄烯 α-Cubebene | ** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
α-胡椒烯 α-Copaene | ** | ** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Kollmannsberger et al., | |
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol | ** | ** | 甜美、类似花香或柑橘香 Sweet,floral - like or citrus - like aroma | Pino et al., | |
香桧烯Sabinene | ** | * | 辛辣、带有木质感香Pungent with woody undertones | Forero et al., | |
α-长叶蒎烯α-Longipinene | *** | 木质、土壤香 Woody and earthy | 斯波, | ||
大根香叶烯D Daucol D | ★ | 薄荷香、甜味 Minty and sweet | Pino et al., | ||
β-香茅醇β-Citronellol | ** | 花香或柑橘香Floral or citrus | 斯波, | ||
α-毕橙茄醇(α-角柏醇) α-Cadinol | ** | 木质或土壤香 Woody or earthy | Pino et al., | ||
吉马烯D Germacrene D | *** | 淡淡的土壤香或木质香 Subtle earthy or woody | Pino et al., | ||
茨烯Camphene | ** | 松树或者类似樟脑香 Pine or camphor - like aroma | Forero et al., | ||
α-葎草烯 α-Humulene | *** | 松树或者类似樟脑香 Pine or camphor - like aroma | Pino et al., | ||
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene | *** | 烧烤香味 Roasted aroma | Luning et al., | ||
β-荜澄茄烯(β-荜蓝烯)β-Cubebene | *** | 松木香 Pine wood | Pino et al., | ||
δ-杜松烯(δ-角柏烯)δ-Cadinene | *** | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Pino et al., | ||
7,8-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮 7,8-Dehydro-β-ionone | ★ | 木质香、辛辣味 Woody and pungent | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
桉叶脑 1,8-Cineol | ★ | 水果香,花香 Fruity,floral | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
褐藻烯Ectocarpene | ★ | 薄荷香 Peppermint scent | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
醛类 Aldehydes(25) | |||||
5-甲基糠醛 5-Methylfurfural | ** | 焦糖或面包香 Caramel or bread | Korkmaz et al., | ||
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal | * | ** | * | 青香、醛香 Green and aldehydic aromas | Forero et al., |
(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal | *** | ** | * | 果香、绿叶青香 Fruity and green leaf | Buttery et al., |
2-甲基丙醛2-Methyl-propanal | * | *** | * | 焦糖或烘烤面包香 Caramel or toasted bread | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
2-甲基丁醛2-Methylbutanal | ** | *** | ** | 焦糖或烘烤面包香 Caramel or toasted bread | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-Nonenal | *** | * | * | 黄瓜味、木香味 Cucumber,musty | Luning et al., |
3-甲基丁醛3-Methyl butanal | ** | ** | *** | 椒香、坚果香 Peppery and nutty | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
苯甲醛Benzaldehyde | ** | *** | * | 果香 Fruity | Buttery et al., |
苯乙醛Phenylacetaldehyde | * | *** | * | 强烈的类似杏仁香 Intense almond-like aroma | Buttery et al., |
丁醛Butanal | * | ** | * | 苦杏仁或者新鲜的果皮香 Bitter almond or fresh peel | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
庚醛Heptanal | ** | *** | * | 花朵或新鲜果皮香 Floral or fresh peel | Luning et al., |
癸醛Decanal | * | *** | ** | 脂肪、花果香 Fatty,floral,and fruity | Luning et al., |
己醛Hexanal | *** | *** | *** | 绿叶或者切割草的香气 Green leaf or cut grass | Buttery et al., |
壬醛Nonanal | ** | *** | ** | 柑橘香、玫瑰香 Citrus and rose | Wu & Liou, |
戊醛Pentanal | ** | *** | * | 青果皮香、脂香 Green peel and fatty | Luning et al., |
辛醛Octanal | ** | *** | * | 清新、甜香 Fresh and sweet | Buttery et al., |
十五醛Pentadecanal | *** | * | 肥皂香 Soapy | Pino et al., | |
十四烷醛Tetradecanal | ** | * | 烘烤、坚果般香 Toasted and nutty | Pino et al., | |
(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal | * | ** | 油炸食品或烘烤面包香 Fried food or baked bread | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | |
(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛(E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | *** | ** | 黄瓜香味 Cucumber | Buttery et al., | |
(E)-2-癸烯醛 (E)-2-Decenal | ** | * | 柑橘香 Citrus | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
(E)-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-Octenal | * | ** | 脂香、肉香 Fatty and meaty | 熊学斌 等, | |
丙醛Propanal | ** | * | 切割青草或新鲜的黄瓜香 Cut grass or fresh cucumber | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
(Z)-2-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal | * | *** | 绿叶或黄瓜香 Green leaf or cucumber | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
糠醛(呋喃醛)Furfural | * | *** | ** | 杏仁香或糖类燃烧特殊香 Almond or burnt sugar - like scent | Buttery et al., |
醇类 Hydroxy compounds(14) | |||||
1-戊醇1-Pentanol | ** | * | * | 果香 Fruity | Luning et al., |
1-戊烯-3-醇1-Penten-3-ol | ** | *** | * | 果香 Fruity | Luning et al., |
2-乙基-1-己醇2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | * | ** | * | 甜的、花香或者果香 Sweet,floral,or fruity | Luning et al., |
1-丁醇1-Butanol | * | ** | * | 强烈的香蕉或者李香 Intense banana or plum | Luning et al., |
1-己醇1-Hexanol | *** | *** | * | 水果味、草药味、肉香味 Fruity,herbal,and meaty | Luning et al., |
1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol | ** | * | ** | 蘑菇味、青香Mushroom and green | Luning et al., |
3-甲基-1-丁醇3-Methyl-1-butanol | * | ** | * | 脂香味 Fatty | Van Ruth & Roozen, |
己醇Hexanol | ** | * | * | 绿叶或者切割草的香气 Green leaf or cut grass aroma | Wu & Liou, |
苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol | * | *** | 微弱芳香 Faint aromatic notes | 张恩让 等, | |
3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol | ** | ** | 脂香味 Fatty | Liu et al., | |
(Z)-3-己烯醇 (Z)-3-Hexenol | *** | * | 草味、生菜味、黄瓜味 Grass,lettuce,and cucumber | Luning et al., | |
4-甲基-1-戊醇 4-Methyl-1-pentanol | * | ** | 果香、青香、可可香 Fruity,green,and cocoa | Bogusz et al, | |
3,3-二甲基环己醇3,3-Dimethylcyclohexanol | ** | 木香、草药香 Costus root and herbal fragrance | Pino et al., | ||
(E)-2-己烯醇 (E)-2-Hexenol | *** | 杏仁味、水果味、辛辣 Almond,fruity,and pungent | Wu & Liou, | ||
吡嗪类 Pyrazines(8) | |||||
2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪2-Methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine | *** | * | *** | 烤香、坚果香、爆米花香Toasted,nutty,and popcorn-like aromas | Buttery et al., |
2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine | *** | * | * | 青草或者绿豆荚香 Green grass or green bean pod | Luning et al., |
2-甲基吡嗪2-Methylpyrazine | * | ** | 坚果香、烤香、土壤香Nutty,toasted,and earthy | 斯波, | |
2,6-二甲基吡嗪2,6-Dimethylpyrazine | *** | * | 烘焙面包或者烤坚果香 Baked bread or roasted nut | 李达, | |
3-异丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ** | 红椒辛香,清香,泥土味 Paprika,green,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Secbutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ★ | 青草香,泥土味Green,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
6,7-二氢-2-甲基-5(H) -环戊二烯吡嗪6,7-Dihydro-2- methyl-5H-cyclopentapyrazine | ** | 明显的草味 Pronounced grassy notes | 斯波, | ||
3-异丙基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ★ | 豌豆味,泥土味 Peasy,earthy | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
酸类 Acids(4) | |||||
3-甲基丁酸3-Methylbutanoic acid | * | ** | 强烈、类似汗臭不愉快气味Intense,unpleasant sweaty odor | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
乙酸Acetic acid | ** | * | 酸味、类似醋味 Sour,vinegar-like odor | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
2-甲基丙酸2-Methylpropionic acid | ** | ** | 较弱、略带酸味 Weak,slightly sour notes | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid | *** | * | 蜡味 Waxy | Pino et al., | |
其他 Others(14) | |||||
对二甲苯p-Xylene | ** | ** | ** | 油漆或塑料气味 Paint or plastic | Wu & Liou, |
二甲基三硫醚Dimethyltrisulphide | * | ** | * | 洋葱和煮熟的番茄味 Onion and boiled tomato | Luning et al., |
2-戊基呋喃2-Pentylfuran | *** | ** | * | 绿豆味、黄油味 Green bean and buttery | Buttery et al., |
二甲基二硫醚Dimethyldisulphide | * | ** | 烂鸡蛋气味 Rotten egg | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
1-甲基吡咯1-Methylpyrrole | ** | * | 草本、烟熏、木质混合气味 Herbal,smoky,and woody blend | Korkmaz et al., | |
2-甲基呋喃2-Methylfuran | ** | * | 焦糖或者果壳香 Caramel or husk | Van Ruth & Roozen, | |
愈创木酚Guaiacol | * | * | 熟食香味,烟熏味 Cooked,smoky | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | |
3-羟基吡啶3-Hydroxypyridine | ** | 焦苦味 Burnt and bitter | 斯波, | ||
2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline | ** | 烘焙面包或熟谷物香 Baked bread or cooked grain | Zimmermann & Schieberle, | ||
3-甲基吲哚 3-Methylindole | ** | 强烈、不太愉快气味 Intense,unpleasant odor | Mazida et al., | ||
2-戊基-噻吩2-Pentyl-thiophene | ★ | 霉味 Musty | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
二甲基茴香醚(二甲醚)Dimethylanisole | ★ | 霉味,木香味 Musty,woody | Rodríguez-Burruezo et al., | ||
2-庚硫醇2-Heptanethiol | ** | 红椒辛香,清香,焦油味 Paprika,green,kerosene | Simian et al., | ||
2-乙基呋喃2-Ethylfuran | ** | 焦香味 Burnt | Wu & Liou, |
挥发性物质种类 VOCs | 栽培种 Species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. baccatum | C. pubescens | C. chinense | C.annuum | C.frutescens | |
酯类Esters | 28 | 3 | 69 | 39 | 83 |
萜类Terpenes | 20 | 27 | 23 | 33 | 28 |
氮和硫化合物 nitrogen and sulfur compounds | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
苯酚衍生物phenol derivatives | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
去甲类胡萝卜素Norcarotenoids | 7 | 6 | 6 | ||
醇类alcohols | 6 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 7 |
脂氧合酶裂解产物lipoxygenase cleavage | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
呋喃furans | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
酮和甲基酮ketones and methylketones | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
烃hydrocarbons | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
总计 | 71 | 47 | 118 | 95 | 139 |
表2 5个辣椒栽培种的挥发性物质种类
Table 2 Types of volatile compounds in five cultivated Capsicum species
挥发性物质种类 VOCs | 栽培种 Species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. baccatum | C. pubescens | C. chinense | C.annuum | C.frutescens | |
酯类Esters | 28 | 3 | 69 | 39 | 83 |
萜类Terpenes | 20 | 27 | 23 | 33 | 28 |
氮和硫化合物 nitrogen and sulfur compounds | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
苯酚衍生物phenol derivatives | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
去甲类胡萝卜素Norcarotenoids | 7 | 6 | 6 | ||
醇类alcohols | 6 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 7 |
脂氧合酶裂解产物lipoxygenase cleavage | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
呋喃furans | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
酮和甲基酮ketones and methylketones | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
烃hydrocarbons | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
总计 | 71 | 47 | 118 | 95 | 139 |
挥发性物质种类 VOCs | C. baccatum | C. pubescens | C. chinense | C.annuum | C.frutescens |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2/3甲基丁酸甲酯Methyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | + | - | - | - |
2/3甲基丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | + | + | - | + |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯Ethyl 3-methylpentanoate | - | - | + | - | - |
4-甲基戊酸乙酯Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate | - | - | +++ | + | ++ |
2/3甲基丁酸己酯Hexyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | - | + | - | + |
2-甲基丙酸3-甲基-2-丁基酯 3-Methyl 2-butyl 2-methylpropanoate | + | - | - | - | - |
3-甲基-2-丁酸丁酯3-Methyl -2-butylbutanoate | + | - | - | - | - |
3-甲基丁酸4-甲基戊基酯 4-Methylpentyl 3-methylbutanoate | - | - | + | - | - |
4-甲基戊酸-4-甲基戊基酯 4-Methylpentyl 4-methylpentanoate | - | - | + | - | + |
α-蒎烯α-Pinene | + | - | - | + | - |
1,8-桉叶醇1,8-Cineol | + | - | - | + | - |
芳樟醇Linalool | + | - | - | + | - |
2-庚硫醇2-Heptanethiol | ++ | - | - | ++ | + |
3-异丙基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine | - | ++ | - | - | - |
2-戊基-噻吩2-Pentyl-thiophene | + | - | - | - | - |
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-sec-Butyl-2-methoxypyrazine | - | + | - | - | - |
3-异丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ++ | +++ | - | ++ | ++ |
二甲基茴香醚Dimethylanisole | + | - | - | - | - |
愈创木酚Guaiacol | + | - | - | - | - |
α-紫罗兰酮α-Ionone | - | - | ++ | + | ++ |
β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone | - | - | +++ | + | +++ |
7,8-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮7,8-Dehydro-β-ionone | - | - | + | - | + |
己醛Hexanal | + | ++ | - | - | - |
(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal | - | + | - | + | - |
(E,Z)-2,6-二壬烯醛((E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | + | +++ | - | + | + |
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-Nonenal | - | +++ | - | + | + |
褐藻烯 Ectocarpene | - | - | + | - | ++ |
水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | - | - | - | - | ++ |
表3 5个辣椒栽培种的28种主要挥发性物质
Table 3 28 Major volatile compounds in five cultivated Capsicum species
挥发性物质种类 VOCs | C. baccatum | C. pubescens | C. chinense | C.annuum | C.frutescens |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2/3甲基丁酸甲酯Methyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | + | - | - | - |
2/3甲基丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | + | + | - | + |
3-甲基戊酸乙酯Ethyl 3-methylpentanoate | - | - | + | - | - |
4-甲基戊酸乙酯Ethyl 4-methylpentanoate | - | - | +++ | + | ++ |
2/3甲基丁酸己酯Hexyl 2/3-methylbutanoate | - | - | + | - | + |
2-甲基丙酸3-甲基-2-丁基酯 3-Methyl 2-butyl 2-methylpropanoate | + | - | - | - | - |
3-甲基-2-丁酸丁酯3-Methyl -2-butylbutanoate | + | - | - | - | - |
3-甲基丁酸4-甲基戊基酯 4-Methylpentyl 3-methylbutanoate | - | - | + | - | - |
4-甲基戊酸-4-甲基戊基酯 4-Methylpentyl 4-methylpentanoate | - | - | + | - | + |
α-蒎烯α-Pinene | + | - | - | + | - |
1,8-桉叶醇1,8-Cineol | + | - | - | + | - |
芳樟醇Linalool | + | - | - | + | - |
2-庚硫醇2-Heptanethiol | ++ | - | - | ++ | + |
3-异丙基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine | - | ++ | - | - | - |
2-戊基-噻吩2-Pentyl-thiophene | + | - | - | - | - |
3-仲丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-sec-Butyl-2-methoxypyrazine | - | + | - | - | - |
3-异丁基-2-甲氧基吡嗪3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine | ++ | +++ | - | ++ | ++ |
二甲基茴香醚Dimethylanisole | + | - | - | - | - |
愈创木酚Guaiacol | + | - | - | - | - |
α-紫罗兰酮α-Ionone | - | - | ++ | + | ++ |
β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone | - | - | +++ | + | +++ |
7,8-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮7,8-Dehydro-β-ionone | - | - | + | - | + |
己醛Hexanal | + | ++ | - | - | - |
(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal | - | + | - | + | - |
(E,Z)-2,6-二壬烯醛((E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | + | +++ | - | + | + |
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-Nonenal | - | +++ | - | + | + |
褐藻烯 Ectocarpene | - | - | + | - | ++ |
水杨酸甲酯Methyl salicylate | - | - | - | - | ++ |
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