‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0246

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0246

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 下一篇

‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究

胡宇¹, 曹宗洪¹, 孙怡¹, 刘聪¹, 文豪¹, 刘慧敏¹, 郑鑫¹, 徐梦梦¹, 蒋祥东³, 张友和³, 李光浩³, 叶俊丽¹, 邓秀新¹^,², 谢宗周¹^,^*(), 柴利军¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 华中农业大学园艺林学学院，果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
² 湖北洪山实验室，武汉 430070
³ 湖北省恩施自治州宣恩县高罗镇农业技术服务中心/李家河镇农业服务中心/沙道沟镇农业服务中心，湖北恩施 445000

收稿日期:2024-07-03 修回日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-18
通讯作者: * E-mail：chailijun@mail.hzau.edu.cn，Xiezz@wedmail.hazu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1200100); 国家自然科学基金项目(32122075); 国家自然科学基金项目(32072523); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-27); 洪山实验室项目(2021hszd009)

Investigation of the Causes of Seedlessness in‘Gongshui Baiyou’Pummelo

HU Yu¹, CAO Zonghong¹, SUN Yi¹, LIU Cong¹, WEN Hao¹, LIU Huimin¹, ZHENG Xin¹, XU Mengmeng¹, JIANG Xiangdong³, ZHANG Youhe³, LI Guanghao³, YE Junli¹, DENG Xiuxin¹^,², XIE Zongzhou¹^,^*(), CHAI Lijun¹^,²^,^*()

¹ National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Horticulture，College of Horticulture and Forestry，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
² Hubei Hongshan Laboratory，Wuhan 430070，China
³ Agricultural Technology Service Center of Gaoluo Town/Agricultural Technology Service Center of Lijiahe Town/Agricultural Technology Service Center of Shadaogou Town，Xuan’en County，Enshi，Hubei 445000，China

Received:2024-07-03 Revised:2024-11-25 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-18
Contact: * E-mail：chailijun@mail.hzau.edu.cn，Xiezz@wedmail.hazu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用形态学和细胞学观察等手段探究了‘贡水白柚’的无核成因。结果表明，‘贡水白柚’雌、雄配子发育正常且可育；自交授粉后，花粉管生长停止在柱头1/3处，表现为不亲和；未授粉花朵去雄套袋后，7、14、21和49 d的坐果率分别为60%、32%、14%与9%，可发育成无核果实，表明其具有单性结实能力。此外，对‘贡水白柚’前期胚珠组织发育进行切片观察，发现其去雄后21 d胚囊组织开始萎缩。其与‘沙田柚’和‘琯溪蜜柚’相互杂交表现为亲和，能够获得含有饱满且发育正常种子的果实。综上，兼具自交不亲和与单性结实是‘贡水白柚’形成无籽果实的主要原因。

关键词: 柚, 无核, 单性结实, 自交不亲和

Abstract:

The seedlessness cause of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo was investigated through morphological and cytological observations. The results showed that both the female and male gametophytes of‘Gongshui Baiyou’developed normally and were fertile. After self-pollination，pollen tube growth stopped at 1/3 of the stigma，showing incompatibility. The fruit setting rates of unpollinated flowers after 7，14，21 and 49 days were 60%，32%，14% and 9%，respectively，and they could develop into seedless fruits，which indicated that they had parthenocarpic ability. Additionally，the sectioning of ovule tissue development in the early stage showed that the embryo sac tissue of seedless‘Gongshui Baiyou’began to shrink 21 days after emasculation. Its cross with‘Shatianyou’and‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelos showed affinity and could contain full and normal seeds. In conlution，both self-incompatibility and parthenocarpy are the main reasons for the formation of seedless fruit of‘Gongshui Baiyou’.

Key words: pummelo, seedlessness, parthenocarpy, self-incompatibility

胡宇, 曹宗洪, 孙怡, 刘聪, 文豪, 刘慧敏, 郑鑫, 徐梦梦, 蒋祥东, 张友和, 李光浩, 叶俊丽, 邓秀新, 谢宗周, 柴利军. ‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(1): 1-12.

HU Yu, CAO Zonghong, SUN Yi, LIU Cong, WEN Hao, LIU Huimin, ZHENG Xin, XU Mengmeng, JIANG Xiangdong, ZHANG Youhe, LI Guanghao, YE Junli, DENG Xiuxin, XIE Zongzhou, CHAI Lijun. Investigation of the Causes of Seedlessness in‘Gongshui Baiyou’Pummelo[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(1): 1-12.

图/表 7

表1 常见柚品种果实常规品质

Table 1 Fruit quality of different pummelos

试验材料 Plant material	单果质量/g Fruit weight	纵径/mm Vertical diameter	横径/mm Transverse diameter	皮厚/mm Thick skin	可溶性固形物/% Total soluble solids	可滴定酸/% Titratable acidity	固酸比 TSS/acidity ratio	维生素C/ （mg · kg^-1） Vitamin C
贡水白柚 Gongshui Baiyou	1 158.0 ± 178.2 b	155.5 ± 15.2 b	183.2 ± 11.5 a	28.3 ± 1.8 a	12.1 ± 0.4 c	0.6 ± 0.1 a	18.9 ± 1.4 b	545.0 ± 2.4 a
广安柚 Guanganyou	1 007.7 ± 137.6 c	132.3 ± 5.8 c	158.9 ± 12.2 bc	18.6 ± 1.1 c	11.0 ± 0.2 de	0.6 ± 0.1 a	17.7 ± 2.9 c	574.0 ± 4.3 a
红肉蜜柚 Hongrou Miyou	1 189.6 ± 87.8 bc	138.8 ± 5.2 bc	154.1 ± 16.6 bc	13.8 ± 1.3 d	14.5 ± 0.5 a	0.6 ± 0.04 ab	22.8 ± 1.6 b	421.0 ± 5.0 c
水晶柚 Shuijingyou	919.4 ± 50.8 c	138.2 ± 0.6 bc	147.3 ± 5.0 c	19.4 ± 0.5 c	14.9 ± 0.2 a	0.5 ± 0.1 b	32.5 ± 7.74 a	343.0 ± 0.4 d
玉环柚 Yuhuanyou	2 015.6 ± 267.3 a	184.5 ± 4.5 a	180.6 ± 13.9 a	24.3 ± 2.8 b	10.2 ± 0.2 e	0.4 ± 0.1 c	29.0 ± 10.0 ab	423.0 ± 1.2 c
黄金蜜柚 Huangjin Miyou	1 352.6 ± 40.9 b	152.5 ± 3.2 b	165.6 ± 9.8 b	13.2 ± 2.8 d	13.1 ± 0.6 b	0.4 ± 0.1 c	32.5 ± 5.9 a	446.0 ± 4.4 bc
琯溪蜜柚 Guanxi Miyou	1 093.3 ± 217.6 bc	147.4 ± 2.6 bc	163.8 ± 9.4 b	21.6 ± 2.7 b	13.4 ± 1.0 b	0.6 ± 0.2 ab	21.8 ± 4.1 bc	426.0 ± 1.0 c
西施柚 Xishiyou	1 025.4 ± 89.6 c	143.2 ± 5.6 bc	169.5 ± 7.5 b	17.4 ± 1.1 c	11.5 ± 0.8 cd	0.6 ± 0.2 ab	21.8 ± 8.2 bc	487.0 ± 2.8 b

图1 ‘贡水白柚’花器官形态

Fig. 1 Flower organs of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo

图2 ‘贡水白柚’花粉醋酸洋红染色（A）和体外花粉培养（B）

Fig. 2 Acetic acid-carmine staining of pollen（A）and in vitro pollen culture（B）of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo

图3 ‘贡水白柚’自交（A）和杂交（B）5 d后花柱苯胺蓝染色

Fig. 3 Stylar aniline blue staining of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo 5 days after self-pollination（A）and cross-pollination（B）

图4 ‘贡水白柚’自交、‘琯溪蜜柚’×‘贡水白柚’、‘贡水白柚’×‘沙田柚’成熟果实横切面

Fig. 4 Cross-section of ripe fruit after self-pollination of‘Gongshui Baiyou’，crossing of‘Guanxi Miyou’×‘Gongshui Baiyou’，‘Gongshui Baiyou’×‘Shatianyou’ pummelos

图5 ‘贡水白柚’去雄后子房发育情况及坐果率 A：去雄后子房发育情况；B：子房横径；C：坐果率；D：成熟果实

Fig. 5 Ovary development and fruit setting rate after emasculation of‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo A：Ovary development after emasculation；B：Transverse diameter of ovary；C：Fruit set rate；D：Ripe fruit

图6 ‘贡水白柚’单性结实及杂交授粉胚珠及种子发育情况 OI：外珠被；II：内珠被；NC：珠心细胞；ES：胚囊；E：胚。

Fig. 6 The development of ovules and seeds in‘Gongshui Baiyou’pummelo during parthenocarpy and cross-pollination OI：Outer integument；II：Inner integument；NC：Nucellus；ES：Endosperm；E：Embryo.

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‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究

Investigation of the Causes of Seedlessness in‘Gongshui Baiyou’Pummelo

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‘贡水白柚’无核成因探究

Investigation of the Causes of Seedlessness in‘Gongshui Baiyou’Pummelo

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