缺硼胁迫对枳幼苗根系生长及线粒体功能的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1116

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确缺硼胁迫对枳[Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf.]幼苗根系损伤的机制，采用营养液培养法研究缺硼对枳幼苗根系生长发育、线粒体活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性变化、线粒体特性和线粒体超微结构的影响。结果表明：缺硼处理抑制了枳幼苗根系生长，根系总根长、总表面积、总体积、平均直径及根系生物量均明显降低，根系活力也显著下降。缺硼处理降低了根系线粒体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，增加了过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）含量。缺硼处理还使线粒体膜吸光度变化值降低，说明增大了线粒体膜透性转换孔开放程度。缺硼处理降低了线粒体膜流动性、线粒体膜电位和细胞色素c/a值，线粒体功能受损导致ATP合成明显减少。透射电镜观察结果显示缺硼处理的根系线粒体结构被破坏，线粒体内嵴减少，出现空泡化现象。综上，缺硼会显著抑制枳幼苗的生长发育，其作用机制可能与线粒体结构与功能受损有关。

关键词: 柑橘, 枳, 缺硼胁迫, 根系生长, 线粒体

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of boron（B）deficiency on the root injury of trifoliate orange[Poncirus trifoliata（L.）Raf.]seedlings. Trifoliate orange seedlings were incubated in nutrient solution containing different levels of B（0 and 10 μmol · L^-1）of which 0 μmol · L^-1 was considered as deficient B and 10 μmol · L^-1 was considered as control. Root growth parameters，mitochondrial reactive oxygen species metabolism，antioxidant enzyme activities，and mitochondrial function and ultrastructure were measured in this study. The results showed that B deficiency treatment inhibited root growth and activity，and the total root length，root surface area，root volume，average root diameter and biomass decreased significantly. Boron deficiency treatment increased the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and malondialdehyde（MDA）but significantly decreased superoxide dismutase （SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities in root mitochondria. Boron deficiency treatment also reduced the change of mitochondrial membrane absorbance，indicating that the openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore was increased. Boron deficiency treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane fluidity，membrane potential and cytochrome c/a，and significantly reduced ATP synthesis due to impaired mitochondrial function. The transmission electron microscopy results showed that the root system’s mitochondrial structure was damaged due to B deficiency treatment，causing the reduced mitochondrial crest and the occurrence of cavitation. In summary，B deficiency treatment significantly inhibits the growth and development of trifoliate orange seedlings，and its mechanism may be related to the damage of mitochondrial structure and function.

Key words: citrus, trifoliate orange, boron deficiency, root growth, mitochondria

金天, 徐月美, 邝冠翎, 刘桂东. 缺硼胁迫对枳幼苗根系生长及线粒体功能的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(1): 121-132.

JIN Tian, XU Yuemei, KUANG Guanling, LIU Guidong. Effect of Boron Deficiency on the Root Growth and Mitochondrial Function of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(1): 121-132.

图/表 8

图1 缺硼对枳幼苗生长的影响

Fig. 1 Effects of boron deficiency on growth of trifoliate orange seedlings

图2 缺硼对枳幼苗根系生长发育的影响 * 表示在0.05水平差异显著，** 表示在0.01水平差异显著，下同。

Fig. 2 Effects of boron deficiency on root growth and development of trifoliate orange seedlings * indicate significant difference at 0.05 level，and ** indicate significant difference at 0.01 level. The same below.

图3 缺硼对根系活力和硼含量的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of boron deficiency on root activity and boron concentration

图4 缺硼对根系线粒体H2O2、丙二醛含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of boron deficiency on the concentrations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities in root mitochondria

图5 缺硼对根系线粒体功能及ATP含量的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of boron deficiency on mitochondrial function and ATP concentration in roots

图6 缺硼对根系细胞和线粒体超微结构的影响 CW：细胞壁；M：线粒体。

Fig. 6 Effect of boron deficiency on the ultrastructure of root cells and mitochondria CW：Cell wall；M：Mitochondria.

图7 缺硼对枳幼苗根系线粒体影响示意图 SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；POD：过氧化物酶；CAT：过氧化氢酶；ROS：活性氧；MDA：丙二醛；MPTP：线粒体膜透性转换孔；Cyt a：细胞色素a；Cyt c：细胞色素c；TCA：三羧酸循环；“+”：阳离子；mETC:线粒体电子传递链；ATP：腺苷三磷酸。图中罗马数字代表电子传递复合体。实线表示已建立的关系，虚线表示可能的关系。

Fig. 7 Diagram showing the effect of boron deficiency on root mitochondria in trifoliate orange seedlings SOD：Superoxide dismutase；POD：Peroxidase；CAT：Catalase；ROS：Reactive oxygen species；MDA：Malondialdehyde；MPTP：Mitochondrial permeability transition pore；Cyt a：Cytochrome a；Cyt c：Cytochrome c；TCA：Tricarboxylic acid cycle；“+”：Cations；mETC：Mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. ATP：Adenosine triphosphate. The Roman numerals represent mitochondrial complex. Solid lines represent established interactions and dashed lines indicate proposed interactions.

图8 缺硼影响枳幼苗根系发育的可能机制 SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；POD：过氧化物酶；CAT：过氧化氢酶；ROS：活性氧；MDA：丙二醛； MPTP：线粒体膜透性转换孔；Cyt c/a：细胞色素c/a；ATP：腺苷三磷酸。实线表示已建立的关系，虚线表示可能的关系。

Fig. 8 Possible mechanism of boron deficiency affecting root development of trifoliate orange seedlings SOD：Superoxide dismutase；POD：Peroxidase；CAT：Catalase；ROS：Reactive oxygen species；MDA：Malondialdehyde；MPTP：Mitochondrial permeability transition pore；Cyt c/a：Cytochrome c/a；ATP：Adenosine triphosphate. Solid lines represent established interactions and dashed lines indicate proposed interactions.

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